Second Philosophy

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199273669
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Second Philosophy by : Penelope Maddy

Download or read book Second Philosophy written by Penelope Maddy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many philosophers these days consider themselves naturalists, but it's doubtful any two of them intend the same position by the term. In this book, Penelope Maddy describes and practises a particularly austere form of naturalism called 'Second Philosophy'. Without a definitive criterion for what counts as 'science' and what doesn't, Second Philosophy can't be specified directly - 'trust only the methods of science!' or some such thing - so Maddy proceeds instead by illustratingthe behaviours of an idealized inquirer she calls the 'Second Philosopher'. This Second Philosopher begins from perceptual common sense and progresses from there to systematic observation, active experimentation, theory formation and testing, working all the while to assess, correct and improve hermethods as she goes. Second Philosophy is then the result of the Second Philosopher's investigations.Maddy delineates the Second Philosopher's approach by tracing her reactions to various familiar skeptical and transcendental views (Descartes, Kant, Carnap, late Putnam, van Fraassen), comparing her methods to those of other self-described naturalists (especially Quine), and examining a prominent contemporary debate (between disquotationalists and correspondence theorists in the theory of truth) to extract a properly second-philosophical line of thought. She then undertakes to practise SecondPhilosophy in her reflections on the ground of logical truth, the methodology, ontology and epistemology of mathematics, and the general prospects for metaphysics naturalized.

What Do Philosophers Do?

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190618698
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis What Do Philosophers Do? by : Penelope Maddy

Download or read book What Do Philosophers Do? written by Penelope Maddy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do you know the world around you isn't just an elaborate dream, or the creation of an evil neuroscientist? If all you have to go on are various lights, sounds, smells, tastes and tickles, how can you know what the world is really like, or even whether there is a world beyond your own mind? Questions like these -- familiar from science fiction and dorm room debates -- lie at the core of venerable philosophical arguments for radical skepticism: the stark contention that we in fact know nothing at all about the world, that we have no more reason to believe any claim -- that there are trees, that we have hands -- than we have to disbelieve it. Like non-philosophers in their sober moments, philosophers, too, find this skeptical conclusion preposterous, but they're faced with those famous arguments: the Dream Argument, the Argument from Illusion, the Infinite Regress of Justification, the more recent Closure Argument. If these can't be met, they raise a serious challenge not just to philosophers, but to anyone responsible enough to expect her beliefs to square with her evidence. What Do Philosophers Do? takes up the skeptical arguments from this everyday point of view, and ultimately concludes that they don't undermine our ordinary beliefs or our ordinary ways of finding out about the world. In the process, Maddy examines and evaluates a range of philosophical methods -- common sense, scientific naturalism, ordinary language, conceptual analysis, therapeutic approaches -- as employed by such philosophers as Thomas Reid, G. E. Moore, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and J. L. Austin. The result is a revealing portrait of what philosophers do, and perhaps a quiet suggestion for what they should do, for what they do best.

Defending the Axioms

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199596182
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Defending the Axioms by : Penelope Maddy

Download or read book Defending the Axioms written by Penelope Maddy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics depends on proofs, and proofs must begin somewhere, from some fundamental assumptions. The axioms of set theory have long played this role, so the question of how they are properly judged is of central importance. Maddy discusses the appropriate methods for such evaluations and the philosophical backdrop that makes them appropriate.

The Logical Must

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199391750
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logical Must by : Penelope Maddy

Download or read book The Logical Must written by Penelope Maddy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Maddy's short monograph looks at Wittgenstein's philosophy of logic, from the perspective of the form of naturalism that she calls "second philosophy." That view takes an empirical approach to logical truth -- essentially arguing that if philosophers want to understand the world, they should start from a position informed by scientific understandings of the world, because science is often a reliable guide to how the world works. Similarly, just like science, logic is also grounded in the structure of our world, and our basic cognitive machinery is tuned by evolutionary pressures to detect that structure where it occurs. Ludwig Wittgenstein (particularly in the "Tractatus") also linked the logical structure of representation with the structure of the world, but still insisted that the sense of our representations must be given prior to -- independently of -- any facts about how the world happens to be. When that requirement is removed, Wittgenstein's position in the Tractatus approaches Maddy's Second Philosophy -- that logic is grounded in the structure of the world and our representational systems reflect that structuring. The later Wittgenstein also hews closely to Second Philosophy, holding that our logical practices are grounded in our interests and motivations, and our natural inclinations, and the features of the world. In this sense, logic is no different from other descriptions of the world -- just more general and responding to features so basic and ubiquitous that they tend to go unnoticed. Maddy's Second Philosophy finds Wittgenstein as an important precursor and kindred spirit, and promotes a new view of him as a naturalistic phliosopher"--

Naturalism in Mathematics

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Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191518972
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Naturalism in Mathematics by : Penelope Maddy

Download or read book Naturalism in Mathematics written by Penelope Maddy and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1997-11-13 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our much-valued mathematical knowledge rests on two supports: the logic of proof and the axioms from which those proofs begin. Naturalism in Mathematics investigates the status of the latter, the fundamental assumptions of mathematics. These were once held to be self-evident, but progress in work on the foundations of mathematics, especially in set theory, has rendered that comforting notion obsolete. Given that candidates for axiomatic status cannot be proved, what sorts of considerations can be offered for or against them? That is the central question addressed in this book. One answer is that mathematics aims to describe an objective world of mathematical objects, and that axiom candidates should be judged by their truth or falsity in that world. This promising view—realism—is assessed and finally rejected in favour of another—naturalism—which attends less to metaphysical considerations of objective truth and falsity, and more to practical considerations drawn from within mathematics itself. Penelope Maddy defines this naturalism, explains the motivation for it, and shows how it can be helpfully applied in the assessment of candidates for axiomatic status in set theory. Maddy's clear, original treatment of this fundamental issue is informed by current work in both philosophy and mathematics, and will be accessible and enlightening to readers from both disciplines.

A Plea for Natural Philosophy

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197508855
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis A Plea for Natural Philosophy by : Penelope Maddy

Download or read book A Plea for Natural Philosophy written by Penelope Maddy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A plea for natural philosophy --On the question of realism --Hume and Reid --Moore's hands --Wittgenstein on hinges --A note on truth and reference --The philosophy of logic --A Second Philosophy of logic --Psychology and the a priori sciences --Do numbers exist? --Enhanced if-thenism.

New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathematics

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691034980
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathematics by : Thomas Tymoczko

Download or read book New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathematics written by Thomas Tymoczko and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1998-02 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traditional debate among philosophers of mathematics is whether there is an external mathematical reality, something out there to be discovered, or whether mathematics is the product of the human mind. This provocative book, now available in a revised and expanded paperback edition, goes beyond foundationalist questions to offer what has been called a "postmodern" assessment of the philosophy of mathematics--one that addresses issues of theoretical importance in terms of mathematical experience. By bringing together essays of leading philosophers, mathematicians, logicians, and computer scientists, Thomas Tymoczko reveals an evolving effort to account for the nature of mathematics in relation to other human activities. These accounts include such topics as the history of mathematics as a field of study, predictions about how computers will influence the future organization of mathematics, and what processes a proof undergoes before it reaches publishable form. This expanded edition now contains essays by Penelope Maddy, Michael D. Resnik, and William P. Thurston that address the nature of mathematical proofs. The editor has provided a new afterword and a supplemental bibliography of recent work.

Phenomenology, Logic, and the Philosophy of Mathematics

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521837820
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Phenomenology, Logic, and the Philosophy of Mathematics by : Richard L. Tieszen

Download or read book Phenomenology, Logic, and the Philosophy of Mathematics written by Richard L. Tieszen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-06 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this 2005 book, logic, mathematical knowledge and objects are explored alongside reason and intuition in the exact sciences.

Mathematics and Reality

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191576247
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics and Reality by : Mary Leng

Download or read book Mathematics and Reality written by Mary Leng and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-04-22 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mary Leng offers a defense of mathematical fictionalism, according to which we have no reason to believe that there are any mathematical objects. Perhaps the most pressing challenge to mathematical fictionalism is the indispensability argument for the truth of our mathematical theories (and therefore for the existence of the mathematical objects posited by those theories). According to this argument, if we have reason to believe anything, we have reason to believe that the claims of our best empirical theories are (at least approximately) true. But since claims whose truth would require the existence of mathematical objects are indispensable in formulating our best empirical theories, it follows that we have good reason to believe in the mathematical objects posited by those mathematical theories used in empirical science, and therefore to believe that the mathematical theories utilized in empirical science are true. Previous responses to the indispensability argument have focussed on arguing that mathematical assumptions can be dispensed with in formulating our empirical theories. Leng, by contrast, offers an account of the role of mathematics in empirical science according to which the successful use of mathematics in formulating our empirical theories need not rely on the truth of the mathematics utilized.

Gödel, Tarski and the Lure of Natural Language

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107012570
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Gödel, Tarski and the Lure of Natural Language by : Juliette Kennedy

Download or read book Gödel, Tarski and the Lure of Natural Language written by Juliette Kennedy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces an original approach to foundations of mathematics, departing from Gödel and Tarski and spanning many different areas of logic.

Reflections on the Foundations of Mathematics

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030156559
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Reflections on the Foundations of Mathematics by : Stefania Centrone

Download or read book Reflections on the Foundations of Mathematics written by Stefania Centrone and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited work presents contemporary mathematical practice in the foundational mathematical theories, in particular set theory and the univalent foundations. It shares the work of significant scholars across the disciplines of mathematics, philosophy and computer science. Readers will discover systematic thought on criteria for a suitable foundation in mathematics and philosophical reflections around the mathematical perspectives. The volume is divided into three sections, the first two of which focus on the two most prominent candidate theories for a foundation of mathematics. Readers may trace current research in set theory, which has widely been assumed to serve as a framework for foundational issues, as well as new material elaborating on the univalent foundations, considering an approach based on homotopy type theory (HoTT). The third section then builds on this and is centred on philosophical questions connected to the foundations of mathematics. Here, the authors contribute to discussions on foundational criteria with more general thoughts on the foundations of mathematics which are not connected to particular theories. This book shares the work of some of the most important scholars in the fields of set theory (S. Friedman), non-classical logic (G. Priest) and the philosophy of mathematics (P. Maddy). The reader will become aware of the advantages of each theory and objections to it as a foundation, following the latest and best work across the disciplines and it is therefore a valuable read for anyone working on the foundations of mathematics or in the philosophy of mathematics.

The Philosophy of Penelope Maddy

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031584252
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Penelope Maddy by : Sophia Arbeiter

Download or read book The Philosophy of Penelope Maddy written by Sophia Arbeiter and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic

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Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195148770
Total Pages : 850 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic by : Stewart Shapiro

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic written by Stewart Shapiro and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2005-02-10 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the state of the art in the philosophy of maths and logic, giving the reader an overview of the major problems, positions, and battle lines. The chapters in this book contain both exposition and criticism as well as substantial development of their own positions. It also includes a bibliography.

An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mathematics

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521826020
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mathematics by : Mark Colyvan

Download or read book An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mathematics written by Mark Colyvan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating journey through intriguing mathematical and philosophical territory - a lively introduction to this contemporary topic.

An Aristotelian Realist Philosophy of Mathematics

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137400730
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis An Aristotelian Realist Philosophy of Mathematics by : J. Franklin

Download or read book An Aristotelian Realist Philosophy of Mathematics written by J. Franklin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics is as much a science of the real world as biology is. It is the science of the world's quantitative aspects (such as ratio) and structural or patterned aspects (such as symmetry). The book develops a complete philosophy of mathematics that contrasts with the usual Platonist and nominalist options.

Conceptions of Set and the Foundations of Mathematics

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108497829
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptions of Set and the Foundations of Mathematics by : Luca Incurvati

Download or read book Conceptions of Set and the Foundations of Mathematics written by Luca Incurvati and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a detailed and critical examination of the available conceptions of set and proposes a novel version.

The Metaphysics of Logic

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107039649
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Metaphysics of Logic by : Penelope Rush

Download or read book The Metaphysics of Logic written by Penelope Rush and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wide-ranging collection of essays explores the nature of logic and the key issues and debates in the metaphysics of logic.