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The Penitentiary At Richmond
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Book Synopsis Virginia State Penitentiary: A Notorious History by : Dale M. Brumfield
Download or read book Virginia State Penitentiary: A Notorious History written by Dale M. Brumfield and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2017 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thomas Jefferson developed the idea for the Virginia State Penitentiary and set the standard for the future of the American prison system. Designed by U.S. Capitol and White House architect Benjamin Latrobe, the "Pen" opened its doors in 1800. Vice President Aaron Burr was incarcerated there in 1807 as he awaited trial for treason. The prison endured severe overcrowding, three fires, an earthquake and numerous riots. More than 240 prisoners were executed there by electric chair. At one time, the ACLU called it the "most shameful prison in America." The institution was plagued by racial injustice, eugenics experiments and the presence of children imprisoned among adults. Join author Dale Brumfield as he charts the 190-year history of the iconic prison.
Book Synopsis Richmond Prisons 1861-1862 by : William Hartley Jeffrey
Download or read book Richmond Prisons 1861-1862 written by William Hartley Jeffrey and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Penitentiary at Richmond by : Hilary Louise Coulson
Download or read book The Penitentiary at Richmond written by Hilary Louise Coulson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores the genesis of the United States' penal system through the lens of one of America's first prisons, the Virginia Penitentiary. The penitentiary in Richmond was built by Benjamin Henry Latrobe in 1797 and opened for operation in 1800. Because the institution was founded and operated in a slave society, bondage directly impacted the function of the prison system in ways not yet explored by historians. Legislators never intended the institution to be used for the confinement of slaves, but as the judicial system expanded, citizens demanded the apprehension of convict slaves due to growing fears of revolt. For the first several decades of operation, the penitentiary was a pillar for the growing state government and the imbedded slave system. When the penitentiary first opened, the immense Virginia countryside spread westward toward modern day Ohio. There were no railroads, only sparsely useable routes on horseback, and just a small number of people lived sporadically across the largely undeveloped land. The transport of prisoners required infrastructure and the penitentiary system was one state entity that encouraged growth and organization. By apprehending free citizens as well as slaves, residents began to depend on the penitentiary to dispense justice to offenders. The penitentiary became a staple in the state government, and when slaves were convicted of a crime, the state worked with slave owners to compensate them for their loss of property. The state then took ownership of convict slaves and sold them in states further south in the cotton empire. Most literature on American prisons focuses on moral reform institutions found in Northern facilities, but historians have yet to analyze the importance of the Southern penitentiary model, founded in Virginia. While both regions implemented forced labor for convicts, attitudes toward labor differed in each region and transformed the goals of each system. While moral reform efforts prevailed in Northern penitentiaries, the Virginia system remained punitive. Despite the monetary difficulties of running the penitentiary, the state prison system worked in conjunction with the deeply rooted channels of slave society in order to expand and gain power. Eventually, the penitentiary acted as a pillar for the propagation of slavery in Virginia.
Download or read book Race Man written by Ann Field Alexander and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although he has largely receded from the public consciousness, John Mitchell Jr., the editor and publisher of the Richmond Planet, was well known to many black, and not a few white, Americans in his day. A contemporary of Booker T. Washington, Mitchell contrasted sharply with Washington in temperament. In his career as an editor, politician, and businessman, Mitchell followed the trajectory of optimism, bitter disappointment, and retrenchment that characterized African American life in the Reconstruction and Jim Crow South. Best known for his crusade against lynching in the 1880s, Mitchell was also involved in a number of civil rights crusades that seem more contemporary to the 1950s and 1960s than the turn of that century. He led a boycott against segregated streetcars in 1904 and fought residential segregation in Richmond in 1911. His political career included eight years on the Richmond city council, which ended with disenfranchisement in 1896. As Jim Crow strengthened its hold on the South, Mitchell, like many African American leaders, turned to creating strong financial institutions within the black community. He became a bank president and urged Planet readers to comport themselves as gentlemen, but a year after he ran for governor in 1921, Mitchell's fortunes suffered a drastic reversal. His bank failed, and he was convicted of fraud and sentenced to three years in the state penitentiary. The conviction was overturned on technicalities, but the so-called reforms that allowed state regulation of black businesses had done their worst, and Mitchell died in poverty and some disgrace. Basing her portrait on thorough primary research conducted over several decades, Ann Field Alexander brings Mitchell to life in all his complexity and contradiction, a combative, resilient figure of protest and accommodation who epitomizes the African American experience in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Download or read book Richmond Prisoners Cry Out! written by and published by . This book was released on 1973* with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Libby Prison Breakout by : Joseph Wheelan
Download or read book Libby Prison Breakout written by Joseph Wheelan and published by ReadHowYouWant.com. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While many books have been inspired by the horrors of Andersonville prison, none have chronicled with any depth or detail the amazing tunnel escape from Libby Prison in Richmond. Now Joseph Wheelan examines what became the most important escape of...
Book Synopsis We Are Not Slaves by : Robert T. Chase
Download or read book We Are Not Slaves written by Robert T. Chase and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hank Lacayo Best Labor Themed Book, International Latino Book Awards Best Book Award, Division of Critical Criminology and Social Justice, American Society of Criminology In the early twentieth century, the brutality of southern prisons became a national scandal. Prisoners toiled in grueling, violent conditions while housed in crude dormitories on what were effectively slave plantations. This system persisted until the 1940s when, led by Texas, southern states adopted northern prison design reforms. Texas presented the reforms to the public as modern, efficient, and disciplined. Inside prisons, however, the transition to penitentiary cells only made the endemic violence more secretive, intensifying the labor division that privileged some prisoners with the power to accelerate state-orchestrated brutality and the internal sex trade. Reformers' efforts had only made things worse--now it was up to the prisoners to fight for change. Drawing from three decades of legal documents compiled by prisoners, Robert T. Chase narrates the struggle to change prison from within. Prisoners forged an alliance with the NAACP to contest the constitutionality of Texas prisons. Behind bars, a prisoner coalition of Chicano Movement and Black Power organizations publicized their deplorable conditions as "slaves of the state" and initiated a prison-made civil rights revolution and labor protest movement. These insurgents won epochal legal victories that declared conditions in many southern prisons to be cruel and unusual--but their movement was overwhelmed by the increasing militarization of the prison system and empowerment of white supremacist gangs that, together, declared war on prison organizers. Told from the vantage point of the prisoners themselves, this book weaves together untold but devastatingly important truths from the histories of labor, civil rights, and politics in the United States as it narrates the transition from prison plantations of the past to the mass incarceration of today.
Book Synopsis Richmond's Civil War Prisons by : Sandra V. Parker
Download or read book Richmond's Civil War Prisons written by Sandra V. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prison Life in the Tobacco Warehouse at Richmond by : William Charles Harris
Download or read book Prison Life in the Tobacco Warehouse at Richmond written by William Charles Harris and published by . This book was released on 1862 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Expendable Man by : Margaret Edds
Download or read book An Expendable Man written by Margaret Edds and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2006-10 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is it possible for an innocent man to come within nine days of execution? An Expendable Man answers that question through detailed analysis of the case of Earl Washington Jr., a mentally retarded, black farm hand who was convicted of the 1983 rape and murder of a 19-year-old mother of three in Culpeper, Virginia. He spent almost 18 years in Virginia prisons--9 1/2 of them on death row--for a murder he did not commit. This book reveals the relative ease with which individuals who live at society's margins can be wrongfully convicted, and the extraordinary difficulty of correcting such a wrong once it occurs. Margaret Edds makes the chilling argument that some other "expendable men" almost certainly have been less fortunate than Washington. This, she writes, is "the secret, shameful underbelly" of America's retention of capital punishment. Such wrongful executions may not happen often, but anyone who doubts that innocent people have been executed in the United States should remember the remarkable series of events necessary to save Earl Washington Jr. from such a fate.
Book Synopsis Study by : Omni Evaluation Services, Inc
Download or read book Study written by Omni Evaluation Services, Inc and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Richmond Prisons 1861-1862 by : William Hartley Jeffrey
Download or read book Richmond Prisons 1861-1862 written by William Hartley Jeffrey and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This harrowing account of life in a Confederate prison during the Civil War is based on original records kept by both the Confederate government and Union prisoners of war. Featuring detailed accounts of the experiences of individual inmates, this book provides a unique window into a dark chapter in American history. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis Life After Life by : Evans D. Hopkins
Download or read book Life After Life written by Evans D. Hopkins and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life After Life is the haunting and gloriously redemptive tale of Evans D. Hopkins's many lives, a sweeping journey from promising middle-class youth to civil rights militant, from criminal and convict to celebrated writer and enlightened man. Evans D. Hopkins was born during the Jim Crow era in a second-rate, segregated hospital, and educated in segregated primary schools in Danville, Virginia, a town that proudly proclaimed itself the "Last Capital of the Confederacy." With parents who stressed the value of education, as a teenager he was in the forefront of desegregation and the Civil Rights Movement. At the same time, he fell in love with the traditionally white man's game of tennis, modeling himself after his idol, the legendary Arthur Ashe, only to be swept off the courts by the Black Panther Party at the age of sixteen. Just out of high school, Hopkins moved to Panther headquarters in Oakland, California, where he spent two years writing for the Party newspaper, covering the trial of the San Quentin Six, working with Party founders Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, and taking part in their move into politics when Seale ran for mayor of Oakland. He became historian for the group, documenting the years when altercations with authorities resulted in the deaths of numerous Panthers. And he was witness to the internal strife within the Party that led to the group's decline and his own decision to leave in the fall of 1974. When he returned to Danville, Hopkins was a different man, disillusioned and filled with rage and a legacy of militancy. He was, in his own words, "the quintessential angry young black man." Convicted of armed robbery and given a life sentence, Hopkins would spend twenty of the next twenty-two years in the prisons of Virginia. Inside, fighting despair and isolation and dreaming of escape, Hopkins sought salvation in the written word, writing in his cell in the early morning hours to escape the noise of the prison. Focusing on issues of social and criminal injustice, Hopkins would begin reaching a national audience when his inside account of an execution, "Who's Afraid of Virginia's Chair," was published in The Washington Post. Paroled in 1997, Hopkins returned home, a free man at last, but facing the overwhelming challenges of caring for his aging parents and daily life in a world that was new after so many years of incarceration. In this stunning look back at a man's struggle with himself and the world around him, Life After Life is also about the influences that sustained Hopkins's development despite overwhelming odds, influences that allowed him to emerge from two decades of imprisonment an uncorrupted man, still able to give to his family and community. Finally, Life After Life is a searingly honest view of events in America in the second half of the twentieth century as seen through the eyes of a child, a militant, a prisoner, and, most important, a writer.
Book Synopsis Independent Press in D.C. and Virginia by : Dale M. Brumfield
Download or read book Independent Press in D.C. and Virginia written by Dale M. Brumfield and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2015 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation's capital and the state of Virginia were a hotbed of political and social turmoil that marked the 1960s and 1970s. The area saw anti-Vietnam War protests, civil rights marches and students clamoring for a cultural revolution. Underground publications in D.C. and Virginia sprang up to document the radical change and question the "straight media." Off Our Backs led the charge for women's equality. The Gay Blade fought for the rights of homosexuals. Even the FBI began infiltrating the underground press movement by planting informants and creating fake magazines to attract suspicious "radicals". Join author and former underground editor Dale Brumfield as he traces the history of alternative press in the Commonwealth and the District. Book jacket.
Book Synopsis Virginia State Penitentiary by : Dale Brumfield
Download or read book Virginia State Penitentiary written by Dale Brumfield and published by History Press Library Editions. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Texas Tough written by Robert Perkinson and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2010-03-11 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vivid history of America's biggest, baddest prison system and how it came to lead the nation's punitive revolution In the prison business, all roads lead to Texas. The most locked-down state in the nation has led the way in criminal justice severity, from assembly-line executions to isolation supermaxes, from prison privatization to sentencing juveniles as adults. Texas Tough, a sweeping history of American imprisonment from the days of slavery to the present, shows how a plantation-based penal system once dismissed as barbaric became the national template. Drawing on convict accounts, official records, and interviews with prisoners, guards, and lawmakers, historian Robert Perkinson reveals the Southern roots of our present-day prison colossus. While conventional histories emphasize the North's rehabilitative approach, he shows how the retributive and profit-driven regime of the South ultimately triumphed. Most provocatively, he argues that just as convict leasing and segregation emerged in response to Reconstruction, so today's mass incarceration, with its vast racial disparities, must be seen as a backlash against civil rights. Illuminating for the first time the origins of America's prison juggernaut, Texas Tough points toward a more just and humane future.
Book Synopsis The Tri-State Gang in Richmond by : Selden Richardson
Download or read book The Tri-State Gang in Richmond written by Selden Richardson and published by True Crime. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1930s was a tough decade, one made even tougher by Prohibition. During this lawless time in American history, a group of criminals called the Tri-State Gang emerged from Philadelphia and spread their operations south, through Baltimore to Richmond, wreaking bloody havoc and brutally eliminating those who knew too much about their heists. Once termed the "Dillingers of the East," Robert Mais and Walter Legenza led their men and molls on a violent journey of robberies, murders, and escapes up and down the East Coast. Join historian Selden Richardson as he recounts the story of this whirlwind of crime and how it finally reached its climax in Richmond.
