The Military And Transitions To Democracy

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Military Engagement

Author : Dennis Blair
Publisher : Brookings Inst Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815724780
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Engagement by : Dennis Blair

Download or read book Military Engagement written by Dennis Blair and published by Brookings Inst Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of an autocratic nation's armed forces is crucial to the outcome of democratization movements throughout the world. But what exact internal conditions have led to real-world democratic transitions, and have external forces helped or hurt? Here, experts with military and policy backgrounds, some of whom have played a role in democratic transitions, present instructive case studies of democratic movements. Focusing on the specific domestic context and the many influences that have contributed to successful transitions, the authors write about democratic civil-military relations in fourteen countries and five world regions. The cases include Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, Egypt, Hungary, Indonesia, Lebanon, Nigeria, Philippines, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Syria, and Thailand, augmented by regional overviews of Asia, Europe, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa. Contributors: Richard Akum (Council for the Development of Social Sciences in Africa), Ecoma Alaga (African Security Sector Network), Muthiah Alagappa (Institute of Security and International Studies, Malaysia), Suchit Bunbongkarn (Institute of Security and International Studies, Thailand), Juan Emilio Cheyre (Center for International Studies, Catholic University of Chile), Biram Diop (Partners for Democratic Change--African Institute for Security Sector Transformation, Dakar), Raymundo B. Ferrer (Nickel Asia Corporation), Humberto Corado Figueroa (Ministry of Defense, El Salvador), Vilmos Hamikus (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hungary), Julio Hang (Argentine Council for International Relations), Marton Harsanyi (Stockholm University), Carolina G. Hernandez (University of the Philippines; Institute for Strategic and Development Studies), Raymond Maalouf (Defense expert, Lebanon), Tannous Mouawad (Middle East Studies, Lebanon), Matthew Rhodes (George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies), Martin Rupiya (African Public Policy and Research Institute), Juan C. Salgado Brocal (Academic and Consultant Council for Military Research and Studies, Chile), Narcis Serra (Barcelona Institute of International Studies), Rizal Sukma (Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta).

The Military Transition

Author : Narcís Serra
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521116678
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (211 download)

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Book Synopsis The Military Transition by : Narcís Serra

Download or read book The Military Transition written by Narcís Serra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Narcís Serra, former Spanish Minister of Defence, explains the process and conditions necessary for successful democratic military reform.

Transitions to Democracy

Author : Kathryn Stoner
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421408775
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Transitions to Democracy by : Kathryn Stoner

Download or read book Transitions to Democracy written by Kathryn Stoner and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen case studies by scholars and practitioners demonstrate the synergy between domestic and international influences that can precipitate democratic transitions. As demonstrated by current events in Tunisia and Egypt, oppressive regimes are rarely immune to their citizens’ desire for democratic government. Of course, desire is always tempered by reality; therefore how democratic demands are made manifest is a critical source of study for both political scientists and foreign policy makers. What issues and consequences surround the fall of a government, what type of regime replaces it, and to what extent are these efforts successful? Kathryn Stoner and Michael McFaul have created an accessible book of fifteen case studies from around the world that will help students understand these complex issues. Their model builds upon Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead's classic work, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, using a rubric of four identifying factors that can be applied to each case study, making comparison relatively easy. Transitions to Democracy yields strong comparisons and insights. For instance, the study reveals that efforts led by the elite and involving the military are generally unsuccessful, whereas mass mobilization, civic groups, and new media have become significant factors in supporting and sustaining democratic actors. This collection of writings by scholars and practitioners is organized into three parts: successful transitions, incremental transitions, and failed transitions. Extensive primary research and a rubric that can be applied to burgeoning democracies offer readers valuable tools and information.

The Democratic Coup D'état

Author : Ozan O. Varol
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019062602X
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Democratic Coup D'état by : Ozan O. Varol

Download or read book The Democratic Coup D'état written by Ozan O. Varol and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Democratic Coup d'État advances a simple, yet controversial, argument: democracy sometimes comes through a military coup. Covering coups that toppled dictators and installed democratic rule in countries as diverse as Guinea-Bissau, Portugal, and Colombia, the book weaves a balanced narrative that challenges everything we knew about military coups.

The Soldier and the Changing State

Author : Zoltan Barany
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780691137681
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis The Soldier and the Changing State by : Zoltan Barany

Download or read book The Soldier and the Changing State written by Zoltan Barany and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking at how armies supportive of democracy are built, this title argues that the military is the important institution that states maintain, for without military elites who support democratic governance, democracy cannot be consolidated. It demonstrates that building democratic armies is the quintessential task of democratizing regimes.

Democratic Transition in the Muslim World

Author : Alfred Stepan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780231184311
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Democratic Transition in the Muslim World by : Alfred Stepan

Download or read book Democratic Transition in the Muslim World written by Alfred Stepan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors to this book are particularly interested in expanding our understanding of what helps, or hurts, successful democratic transition attempts in countries with large Muslim populations. Crafting pro-democratic coalitions among secularists and Islamists presents a special obstacle that must be addressed by theorists and practitioners. The argument throughout the book is that such coalitions will not happen if potentially democratic secularists are part of what Al Stepan terms the authoritarian regime's "constituency of coercion" because they (the secularists) are afraid that free elections will be won by Islamists who threaten them even more than the existing secular authoritarian regime. Tunisia allows us to do analysis on this topic by comparing two "least similar" recent case outcomes: democratic success in Tunisia and democratic failure in Egypt. Tunisia also allows us to do an analysis of four "most similar" case outcomes by comparing the successful democratic transitions in Tunisia, Indonesia, Senegal, and the country with the second or third largest Muslim population in the world, India. Did these countries face some common challenges concerning democratization? Did all four of these successful cases in fact use some common policies that while democratic, had not normally been used in transitions in countries without significant numbers of Muslims? If so, did these policies help the transitions in Tunisia, Indonesia, Senegal and India? If they did, we should incorporate them in some way into our comparative theories about successful democratic transitions.

Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia

Author : Marcus Mietzner
Publisher : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
ISBN 13 : 9812307885
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia by : Marcus Mietzner

Download or read book Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia written by Marcus Mietzner and published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. This book was released on 2009 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a decade of research in Indonesia, this book provides an in-depth account of the military's struggle to adapt to the new democratic system after the downfall of Suharto's authoritarian regime in 1998. Unlike other studies of the Indonesian armed forces, which focus exclusively on internal military developments, Mietzner's study emphasizes the importance of conflicts among civilians in determining the extent of military involvement in political affairs. Analysing disputes between Indonesia's main Muslim groups, Mietzner argues that their intense rivalry between 1998 and 2004 allowed the military to extend its engagement in politics and protect its institutional interests. The stabilization of the civilian polity after 2004, in contrast, has led to an increasing marginalization of the armed forces from the power centre. Drawing broader conclusions from these events for Indonesia's ongoing process of democratic consolidation, the book shows that the future role of the armed forces in politics will largely depend on the ability of civilian leaders to maintain functioning democratic institutions and procedures.

Civil-Military Relations and Democracy

Author : Larry Diamond
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801855368
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (553 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil-Military Relations and Democracy by : Larry Diamond

Download or read book Civil-Military Relations and Democracy written by Larry Diamond and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1996-10-17 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a conference held in Washington, DC, 13-14 Mar 1995.

Crafting Civilian Control of the Military in Venezuela

Author : Harold A. Trinkunas
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807877034
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Crafting Civilian Control of the Military in Venezuela by : Harold A. Trinkunas

Download or read book Crafting Civilian Control of the Military in Venezuela written by Harold A. Trinkunas and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2011-01-20 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike most other emerging South American democracies, Venezuela has not succumbed to a successful military coup d'etat during four decades of democratic rule. What drives armed forces to follow the orders of elected leaders? And how do emerging democracies gain that control over their military establishments? Harold Trinkunas answers these questions in an examination of Venezuela's transition to democracy following military rule and its attempts to institutionalize civilian control of the military over the past sixty years, a period that included three regime changes. Trinkunas first focuses on the strategic choices democratizers make about the military and how these affect the internal civil-military balance of power in a new regime. He then analyzes a regime's capacity to institutionalize civilian control, looking specifically at Venezuela's failures and successes in this arena during three periods of intense change: the October revolution (1945-48), the Pact of Punto Fijo period (1958-98), and the Fifth Republic under President Hugo Chavez (1998 to the present). Placing Venezuela in comparative perspective with Argentina, Chile, and Spain, Trinkunas identifies the bureaucratic mechanisms democracies need in order to sustain civilian authority over the armed forces.

Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies

Author : Aurel Croissant
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319531891
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies by : Aurel Croissant

Download or read book Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies written by Aurel Croissant and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the challenge of reforming defense and military policy-making in newly democratized nations. By tracing the development of civil-military relations in various new democracies from a comparative perspective, it links two bodies of scholarship that thus far have remained largely separate: the study of emerging (or failed) civilian control over armed forces on the one hand; and work on the roots and causes of military effectiveness to guarantee the protection and security of citizens on the other. The empirical and theoretical findings presented here will appeal to scholars of civil-military relations, democratization and security issues, as well as to defense policy-makers.

Transitions to Democracy

Author : Lisa Anderson
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231502478
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Transitions to Democracy by : Lisa Anderson

Download or read book Transitions to Democracy written by Lisa Anderson and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1999-09-22 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are the factors that initiate democratization the same as those that maintain a democracy already established? The scholarly and policy debates over this question have never been more urgent. In 1970, Dankwart A. Rustow's clairvoyant article "Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model" questioned the conflation of the primary causes and sustaining conditions of democracy and democratization. Now this collection of essays by distinguished scholars responds to and extends Rustow's classic work, Transitions to Democracy--which originated as a special issue of the journal Comparative Politics and contains three new articles written especially for this volume--represents much of the current state of the large and growing literature on democratization in American political science. The essays simultaneously illustrate the remarkable reach of Rustow's prescient article across the decades and reveal what the intervening years have taught us. In light of the enormous opportunities of the post-Cold War world for the promotion of democratic government in parts of the world once thought hopelessly lost of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, this timely collection constitutes and important contribution to the debates and efforts to promote the more open, responsive, and accountable government we associate with democracy.

Pathways to Democracy

Author : James Frank Hollifield
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136687041
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis Pathways to Democracy by : James Frank Hollifield

Download or read book Pathways to Democracy written by James Frank Hollifield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global examination that includes nations in Latin America, Asia, Russia, Eastern Europe, and Africa, Pathways to Democracy investigates the implications of the various paths that nations take to democracy and the political and economic programs needed to stabilize new democracies. From military to authoritarian to communist oligarchies, the essays reveal that democratic transitions were instigated by divisions within the ruling elite, challenges came from groups and interests outside the elite, and poor economic performance followed in its wake. An extensive look at what the United States can do through its foreign policy to promote and invest in democratization is included. An introduction to democratization that is comprehensive and global in scope. Includes comprehensive focus on U.S. foreign policy

Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation

Author : Juan J. Linz
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801851582
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation by : Juan J. Linz

Download or read book Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation written by Juan J. Linz and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1996-08-16 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 5. Actors and contexts

Between Military Rule and Democracy

Author : Yaprak Gursoy
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472130420
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Military Rule and Democracy by : Yaprak Gursoy

Download or read book Between Military Rule and Democracy written by Yaprak Gursoy and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines military interventions in Greece, Turkey, Thailand, and Egypt, and the military's role in authoritarian and democratic regimes

The Third Wave

Author : Samuel P. Huntington
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806186046
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis The Third Wave by : Samuel P. Huntington

Download or read book The Third Wave written by Samuel P. Huntington and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1974 and 1990 more than thirty countries in southern Europe, Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe shifted from authoritarian to democratic systems of government. This global democratic revolution is probably the most important political trend in the late twentieth century. In The Third Wave, Samuel P. Huntington analyzes the causes and nature of these democratic transitions, evaluates the prospects for stability of the new democracies, and explores the possibility of more countries becoming democratic. The recent transitions, he argues, are the third major wave of democratization in the modem world. Each of the two previous waves was followed by a reverse wave in which some countries shifted back to authoritarian government. Using concrete examples, empirical evidence, and insightful analysis, Huntington provides neither a theory nor a history of the third wave, but an explanation of why and how it occurred. Factors responsible for the democratic trend include the legitimacy dilemmas of authoritarian regimes; economic and social development; the changed role of the Catholic Church; the impact of the United States, the European Community, and the Soviet Union; and the "snowballing" phenomenon: change in one country stimulating change in others. Five key elite groups within and outside the nondemocratic regime played roles in shaping the various ways democratization occurred. Compromise was key to all democratizations, and elections and nonviolent tactics also were central. New democracies must deal with the "torturer problem" and the "praetorian problem" and attempt to develop democratic values and processes. Disillusionment with democracy, Huntington argues, is necessary to consolidating democracy. He concludes the book with an analysis of the political, economic, and cultural factors that will decide whether or not the third wave continues. Several "Guidelines for Democratizers" offer specific, practical suggestions for initiating and carrying out reform. Huntington's emphasis on practical application makes this book a valuable tool for anyone engaged in the democratization process. At this volatile time in history, Huntington's assessment of the processes of democratization is indispensable to understanding the future of democracy in the world.

Democratic Transitions

Author : Sergio Bitar
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 142141760X
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Democratic Transitions by : Sergio Bitar

Download or read book Democratic Transitions written by Sergio Bitar and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirteen former presidents and prime ministers discuss how they helped their countries end authoritarian rule and achieve democracy. National leaders who played key roles in transitions to democratic governance reveal how these were accomplished in Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, South Africa, and Spain. Commissioned by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), these interviews shed fascinating light on how repressive regimes were ended and democracy took hold. In probing conversations with Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Patricio Aylwin, Ricardo Lagos, John Kufuor, Jerry Rawlings, B. J. Habibie, Ernesto Zedillo, Fidel V. Ramos, Aleksander Kwasniewski, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, F. W. de Klerk, Thabo Mbeki, and Felipe González, editors Sergio Bitar and Abraham F. Lowenthal focused on each leader’s principal challenges and goals as well as their strategies to end authoritarian rule and construct democratic governance. Context-setting introductions by country experts highlight each nation’s unique experience as well as recurrent challenges all transitions faced. A chapter by Georgina Waylen analyzes the role of women leaders, often underestimated. A foreword by Tunisia’s former president, Mohamed Moncef Marzouki, underlines the book’s relevance in North Africa, West Asia, and beyond. The editors’ conclusion distills lessons about how democratic transitions have been and can be carried out in a changing world, emphasizing the importance of political leadership. This unique book should be valuable for political leaders, civil society activists, journalists, scholars, and all who want to support democratic transitions.

When Democracies Collapse

Author : Luca Tomini
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351747436
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis When Democracies Collapse by : Luca Tomini

Download or read book When Democracies Collapse written by Luca Tomini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the process of democratization is nowadays an established scholarship, the reverse process of de-democratization has generated less attention even when the regression or even breakdown of democracy occurred on a regular basis over past decades. This book investigates both the different combination of explanatory factors triggering the transition from democratic rule as well as the role of the actors’ involved in the process. It aims to integrate different levels of analysis and explanatory factors through a comparative analysis of the phenomenon since the beginning of the third wave of democratization. As such, it addresses the existing divide between the approaches focused on the conditions and those focused on the processes of change, using a mixed-method research design. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative politics, democracy, democratization and de-democratization, political theory, and comparative political institutions.