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Author : Maha Z. Mirza
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (731 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Growth, Unemployment, and Poverty in Bangladesh written by Maha Z. Mirza and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sadiq Ahmed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization, Growth and Poverty Reduction written by Sadiq Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper seeks to compile evidence for the hypothesis that greater trade openness, and associated deregulation is good for growth, and poverty reduction in Bangladesh. At the theoretical level, it can be argued that since Bangladesh is relatively heavily endowed with labor, within the framework of the Hecksher-Ohlin model (1933 and 1949), expansion of international trade opportunities will likely support the growth of labor-intensive export industries, promoting employment, and incomes as per the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem (1941). Arguments also suggest improved productive and allocative efficiency; factor accumulation and investment; knowledge spillovers; improved income distribution; and, government policy improvements. The paper argues, using qualitative and quantitative analysis and a case study approach, that Bangladesh's increasing global integration, based on trade liberalization, and other economic deregulation, especially as of the 90s, contributed significantly to the acceleration of per capita income growth, and poverty reduction. It looks briefly at issues of trade openness, and economic development from the theoretical perspective, reviews the empirical basis for the effects of trade openness on economic development, and, focuses broadly on economic deregulation, and trade liberalization. Policy regimes implications are analyzed to provide a series of observations.
Author : Irina Klytchnikova
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Trade Reforms, Farm Productivity, and Poverty in Bangladesh written by Irina Klytchnikova and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper analyzes the distributional impacts of trade reforms in rural areas of Bangladesh. The liberalization of trade in irrigation equipment and fertilizer markets during the early 1990s has led to structural changes in the agricultural sector and a significant increase in rice productivity. A resulting increase in output has been associated with a decline in producer and consumer rice prices of approximately 25 percent. Using a combination of ex-post and ex-ante approaches, the authors investigate the implications of the changes in rice productivity and prices for the welfare of households. They find that the net effects of increased rice productivity and lower rice prices have benefited the poor. Regardless of the particular category analyzed, the poorest households emerged as being particularly positively affected by reforms in the 1990s. This mainly reflects the fact that they are predominantly net rice buyers in both urban and rural markets. In contrast, large net sellers of rice, among the better-off households in the rural areas, were the main losers. Since net buyers in rural areas tend to be poorer than net sellers, trade liberalization has benefited the poor. Although the authors are not able to test empirically what has happened to the welfare level of agricultural wage earners, secondary evidence suggests that they have gained from trade liberalization."--World Bank web site.
Author : Shapan Majumder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Its Effects on the Economic Growth of Bangladesh written by Shapan Majumder and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the trade policy on Bangladesh economy between the periods 1990 to 2010. This research analyzes the achievements of the economy regarding the important variables such as growth of GDP, export, import, exchange rate, terms of trade, and foreign reserve after the trade liberalization in 1990s. The study demonstrates that the inward policy of the trade liberalization reduces the import while the forward policy increases the employment, production, and export. Finally, liberalization policy improves overall economic indicators as GDP per capita, FDI, and remittances have been growing up since pre-liberalization. The study shows that both export and import have increased noticeably since liberalization, with import rising faster than export in the period immediately after liberalization.
Author : Umme Humayara Manni
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659276125
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (761 download)
Download or read book Effect Of Trade Openness On Economic Growth Of Bangladesh Economy written by Umme Humayara Manni and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the impact of trade liberalization and deregulation on the Bangladesh economy between the periods 1980 to 2009. The book analyzes the achievements of the economy in terms of important variables such as growth, inflation and the trade balance. An analysis is for the most part descriptive relying on tables and graphs. However, the findings in these chapters are put to test by econometric analysis towards the end. The analysis clearly indicates that GDP growth increased consequent to liberalization and deregulation. Trade liberalization does not seem to have aftected inflation in the economy. The quantitative analysis also suggests that greater openness has had a favourable effect on economic development. Both real export and imports have increased with greater openness. Liberalization policy certainly improves export of the country which eventually leads higher economic growth after 1990s. The average degree of openness sharply increases more than double after the year 2000 than the last decade. Despite of this improvement after liberalization the average trade balance of Bangladesh remains in deficit.
Author : Bodrun Nahar
Publisher : Nova Science Pub Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9781631175053
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (75 download)
Download or read book Trade Reforms, Poverty and Inequality in Bangladesh written by Bodrun Nahar and published by Nova Science Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade liberalisation reforms in Bangladesh have been accompanied by impressive economic growth and substantial reductions in poverty. Nevertheless, there is concern that increasing inequality has limited the poverty-reducing impact of economic growth. Against this backdrop, the present study uses a multi-sectoral, multi-factor and multi-household computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate the short-run and long-run effects of the unilateral elimination of import tariffs on poverty and inequality in Bangladesh. In doing so, the study also explores the effects on macroeconomic performance, on output and employment in individual industries, on employment by gender and skill groups, and on household income and consumption of various socio-economic groups. Recognising the perceived risk that the loss of tariff revenue might lead to unsustainably large fiscal deficits, the study simulates the effects of the removal of tariffs, both with and without an endogenously determined consumption tax to compensate for the loss of tariff revenue. In the long run, in both rural and urban areas, the removal of tariffs without a compensatory consumption tax brings significant reductions in poverty accompanied by declines in inequality. With the introduction of a consumption tax, poverty and inequality still fall in the long run, but in each case to a smaller extent. This book provides a significant contribution to understanding of the trade-poverty-inequality nexus in Bangladesh. Its comprehensive, in-depth, yet accessible analysis should arouse the interest of a wide-ranging readership that includes trade negotiators, policy makers, academics, researchers, students and all who are interested in issues at the heart of the globalisation debate.
Author : Tariq Mahmood Ali
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Impact of Trade Liberalization on Employment, Poverty Reduction and Economic Development written by Tariq Mahmood Ali and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study investigates the impact of trade liberalization on employment, its consequence to poverty reduction and how trade openness affects economic development in Pakistan. Although, increase in poverty and unemployment is observed, this study ascertains a growth in macroeconomics indicators. The Annual data of macroeconomic indicators including per capita income for industrial and agriculture sector, employed labor force, inflation and per capita GDP are used to investigate the impact of trade liberalization. Johansen Co-integration and Error Correction Method (ECM) are applied to estimate short and long run relationship among variables. Granger causality test is performed to determine causal relation between trade openness and other variables. The finding of this study reveals that in short run, there is negative relationship between trade openness and per capita income in industrial sector, employed labor force and inflation while positive association with per capita income in agricultural sector. In the long run, trade liberalization has a positive association with per capita income in agricultural and industrial sector, employed labor force and inflation and inverse relation with per capita GDP.
Author : Mohammed Shafi Uddin
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783838346724
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (467 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Economic Performance written by Mohammed Shafi Uddin and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bangladesh initiated the process of trade liberalization in the early 1980s as recommended by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. This book analyses the impact of trade liberalization on economic performance of Bangladesh by using the time series data of 1981-2005 with the help of cointegration and error correction methods. The empirical results exhibit the presence of a long-run relationship among the real gross domestic product (GDP) and its major determinants of gross fixed capital formation as share of GDP, education expenditure of government as share of gross national income, trade-GDP ratio and government consumption. The study suggests the importance of trade liberalization policies in order to enhance economic growth in the long-run. Researchers and students of economics will find this book a useful starting point for further research in the field of trade liberalization. It should also be useful to policymakers to formulate some general guidelines for undertaking trade liberalization in developing countries.
Author : Gift Mugano
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000457915
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalisation and Economic Development in Africa written by Gift Mugano and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough and rigorous discussion on the impact of trade liberalisation on economic development with a special focus on the African continent. The author presents the rationale for trade liberalisation, trade liberalisation frameworks, the trade liberalisation economic development nexus, impediments to trade, and contemporary issues of international trade. In this book, notwithstanding the benefits from trade liberalisation, the author shows that African trade as a share of global trade has remained flat at 3% as in 1975, while the continent’s exports have remained raw materials and its intra-regional trade at less than 15% of total trade, which is the lowest in the world (UNCTAD, 2020). With respect to key economic development indicators such as economic growth, poverty levels, and employment levels, this book shows that, ironically and in direct contrast with the conventional views that trade liberalisation alleviates poverty, trade liberalisation in Africa has resulted in high levels of unemployment and low economic growth which ultimately lead to increased poverty. In addition, this book provides a detailed analysis of why trade liberalisation has failed to yield meaningful benefits to Africa. The binding constraints and blockages which prevent positive spin-offs on trade liberalisation in Africa are discussed in detail in this book. In the same vein, the author provides practical strategies which must be adopted by African countries in order to gain from trade liberalisation, making this work a must-read for African governments, academia, trade experts, regional trading blocs, the World Trade Organization, and development partners. In view of this, and as part of the disruptive and structural transformation policies, the author discusses case studies and international experience contextualised to Africa as well as strategies for addressing the trade-related infrastructure gap, production capacities, export promotion, and aid for trade.
Author : Romain Wacziarg
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781788111492
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization written by Romain Wacziarg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling two-volume collection presents the major literary contributions to the economic analysis of the consequences of trade liberalization on growth, productivity, labor market outcomes and economic inequality. Examining the classical theories that stress gains from trade stemming from comparative advantage, the selection also comprises more recent theories of imperfect competition, where any potential gains from trade can stem from competitive effects or the international transmission of knowledge. Empirical contributions provide evidence regarding the explanatory power of these various theories, including work on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, wages, and income inequality, as well as evidence on the effects of trade on firm productivity, entry and exit. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editor, the collection will to be an invaluable research resource for academics, practitioners and those drawn to this fascinating topic.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789287042323
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (423 download)
Download or read book The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty looks at the complex relationships between economic growth, poverty reduction and trade, and examines the challenges that poor people face in benefiting from trade opportunities. Written jointly by the World Bank Group and the WTO, the publication examines how trade could make a greater contribution to ending poverty by increasing efforts to lower trade costs, improve the enabling environment, implement trade policy in conjunction with other areas of policy, better manage risks faced by the poor, and improve data used for policy-making.
Author : Charles Ackah
Publisher : IDRC
ISBN 13 : 9988647360
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (886 download)
Download or read book Globalization, Trade and Poverty in Ghana written by Charles Ackah and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2012 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citing a paucity of empirical evidence on the poverty and distributional impacts of trade policy reform in Ghana as the main motivation for this volume, the editors (both of the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research at the U. of Ghana) present eleven papers that combine theory and econometric analysis in an effort to assess linkages between globalization, trade, and poverty (including gendered aspects). Specific topics examined include manufacturing employment and wage effects of trade liberalization; the influence of education on trade liberalization impacts on household welfare; trade liberalization and manufacturing firm productivity; the impact of elimination of trade taxes on poverty and income distribution; food prices, tax reforms, and consumer welfare under trade liberalization; impacts on tariff revenues; and impacts on cash cropping, gender, and household welfare; Distributed in the US by Stylus. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Author : Kevin Watkins
Publisher : Oxfam
ISBN 13 : 9780855985257
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (852 download)
Download or read book Rigged Rules and Double Standards written by Kevin Watkins and published by Oxfam. This book was released on 2002 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical and detailed analysis of inequalities of world trade systems.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464814953
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Author : Paul Collier
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821350485
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (54 download)
Download or read book Globalization, Growth, and Poverty written by Paul Collier and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization - the growing integration of economies and societies around the world, is a complex process. The focus of this research is the impact of economic integration on developing countries and especially the poor people living in these countries. Whether economic integration supports poverty reduction and how it can do so more effectively are key questions asked. The research yields 3 main findings with bearings on current policy debates about globalization. Firstly, poor countries with some 3 billion people have broken into the global market for manufactures and services, and this successful integration has generally supported poverty reduction. Secondly, inclusion both across countries and within them is important as a number of countries (pop. 2 billion) are failing as states, trading less and less, and becoming marginal to the world economy. Thirdly, standardization or homogenization is a concern - will economic integration lead to cultural or institutional homogenization?
Author : World Bank;World Trade Organization
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815569
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Women and Trade written by World Bank;World Trade Organization and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
Author : Claire H. Hollweg
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464802637
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Sticky Feet written by Claire H. Hollweg and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report quantifies labor mobility costs in developing countries and simulates the implied adjustment paths of employment and wages following a change in trade policy. High mobility costs are shown to reduce the potential gains to trade reform.
