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The Impact Of Basel Ii On Small And Medium Sized Enterprises In Germany
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Book Synopsis The Impact of Basel II on Small and Medium sized Enterprises in Germany by : Nickels Wieneke
Download or read book The Impact of Basel II on Small and Medium sized Enterprises in Germany written by Nickels Wieneke and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-01-14 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,7 (B+ 68%), Oxford Brookes University, language: English, abstract: This dissertation examines the current discussion about the introduction of the New Basel Capital Accord and the impact it will have on Small and Medium sized Enterprises in Germany. SMEs or the ‘Mittelstand’ are the carrying pillar for the German economy: 20 million employees work for SMEs and produce a value added subject to VAT of 49% of the German economy. These establishments are not only innovative and progressive in the way they conduct their business; its owners and managers are also an important factor for the aggregate demand in Germany. With reflection on the requirements of Basel II the major weaknesses of SMEs are revealed: their provision with own funds is traditionally low compared to large companies and bank loans present a main source of debt finance. Minimum capital requirements are an essential part of banking supervision and banking regulation and help ensuring the financial stability of an economy. Financial stability is vital for a country because it helps to absorb losses and protects consumers from the loss of their investments. This was not so in Thailand when the Asian Crisis started in 1997. One reason for the Asian Crisis, among others, was inadequate banking supervision. The Basel Committee has produced a set of minimum requirements for effective banking supervision which can be applied to every country. The so called ‘1988 Accord’ or ‘Basel I’ is currently being modified into ‘Basel II’ and likely to be introduced in the beginning of 2007. This paper is mainly concerned with the change in the calculation of minimum capital requirements (MCR), i.e. how much capital credit institutes put aside as a cushion against future losses. The main impact of Basel II on SMEs in Germany is that the future calculations of the MRC will depend on the company’s individual solvency and not on a fixed percentage of a loan.
Book Synopsis Consequences of basel II for small and mid-sized enterprises by : Björn Schlüter
Download or read book Consequences of basel II for small and mid-sized enterprises written by Björn Schlüter and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2002-06-26 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: At present, rating is the number-one-topic discussed, both within the banking community and also, even more frequently, at enterprises. The second consultative package of the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision provides a basic change in equity capital contribution of banks. It is expected to change the rules of the credit business with institutional customers considerably. As a result, especially small and mid-sized enterprises are forced to enhance their credit standing in order not to struggle with the serious consequences of Basel II. This case study shows how! Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: 1.INTRODUCTION4 1.1Overview4 1.2Definition of the new Basel Capital Accord4 1.3Targets5 1.4Structure5 2.BASICS6 2.1Small and mid-sized Enterprises (SMEs)6 2.1.1Definition of SMEs6 2.1.2EconomicSituation andImportance ofSMEs7 2.2Rating7 2.2.1Credit ratings7 2.2.2External ratings by rating agencies8 2.2.3Bank-internal ratings9 2.2.4Function of credit ratings10 2.2.5Rating procedure and structure12 2.2.6Rating as an opportunity to prepare for Basel II16 3.BASEL II - THE NEW BASELCAPITAL ACCORD18 3.1The Basel Committee of Banking Supervision18 3.2The way from Basel I to Basel II18 3.3Overview of the new Capital Approach19 3.3.1The first Pillar: Minimum Capital Requirements19 3.3.1.1In context of granting credits to small and mid-sized companies23 3.3.1.2Possibilities of asset securitisation26 3.3.2The second Pillar: Supervisory Review Process27 3.3.3The third Pillar: Market Discipline27 4.THE CONSEQUENCES OF BASEL'S RESOLUTIONS29 4.1Current financial requirements of the small to medium-sized business sector29 4.2Internal vs. external rating of SMEs31 4.3Actual preparation status of SMEs35 4.4Rating under aspects of Investor Relations42 4.5Alternative financing possibilities for SMEs44 4.5.1Effects on banks45 4.5.2Effects on interest rates for SMEs46 4.6Possibilities for SMEs to prepare for Basel II48 4.6.1Implementation of a value-based management50 5.CONCLUSION55 6.APPENDIX57 6.1Index of Abbreviations57 6.2Index of Literature58
Book Synopsis The Consequences of the New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) for Bank Lending to Corporate Borrowers by : Katrin Sülberg
Download or read book The Consequences of the New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) for Bank Lending to Corporate Borrowers written by Katrin Sülberg and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2004-07-09 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The central problem and resulting question of this thesis was: 'Will Basel II make credits in the Mittelstand more expensive?' In view of the previous analysis on possible capital requirements and changes in credit conditions for German small and medium-sized enterprises, the answer to this question can be adequately answered: On average, Basel II does not make credits in the Mittelstand more expensive. Basel II has an influence on the amount of regulatory capital the banks have to hold. The costs of this scarce factor are included in the risk premium which is part of the borrower s credit rent. Therefore, the credit rent would ceteris paribus be higher if capital requirements rose. However, it has been shown that for about 90% of German companies, capital requirements will even be lower in Basel II. This is because these companies will belong to the retail segment in Basel II where there is a reduction in regulatory capital (compared to the current 8%) up to a high probability of default between 7% and 8%, which would apply to a company in default or bankruptcy. Additionally, capital requirements for small and medium-sized enterprises can be further reduced due to the extended recognition of collaterals. Basel II has introduced types of collaterals that small and medium-sized companies are more often able to deliver, namely account receivables and real estate. It can therefore be concluded that a possible future increase in average credit rent levels for German small and medium-sized enterprises must have other reasons than the banks costs for regulatory capital. Zusammenfassung: Jede Wirtschaft beruht auf einem Kreditsystem, das heißt, auf der irrtümlichen Annahme, der andere werde gepumptes Geld zurückzahlen (Kurt Tucholsky, 1931) Kreditinstitute spielen eine besondere Rolle in modernen Volkswirtschaften. Sie sind nicht nur Mittler zwischen Kreditnehmern und Einlegern, sondern stellen darüber hinaus vielfältige nicht bilanzwirksame Finanzdienstleistungen zur Verfügung. Dabei ist der professionelle Umgang mit Kredit-, Markt-, Liquiditäts- und anderen Risiken eine der wichtigsten Leistungen von Finanzintermediären. Solche Risiken dürfen jedoch nicht zu Instabilitäten im Finanzsektor führen. Über die eigene Risikovorsorge der Institute hinaus wurden deshalb besondere Aufsichtsregeln für Kreditinstitute geschaffen, unter denen die Eigenkapitalregeln eine herausragende Rolle einnehmen. Im dynamischen und [...]
Book Synopsis International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards by :
Download or read book International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards written by and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2004 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The German Economy by : Horst Siebert
Download or read book The German Economy written by Horst Siebert and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, one of Germany's most influential economists describes his country's economy, the largest in the European Union and the third largest in the world, and analyzes its weaknesses: poor GDP growth performance, high unemployment due to a malfunctioning labor market, and an unsustainable social security system. Horst Siebert spells out the reforms necessary to overcome these shortcomings. Taking a broader view than other recent books on the German economy, he considers Germany's fiscal policy stance, product market regulation, capital market, environmental policy, aging and immigration policies, and its system for human capital formation as well as Germany's role in the European Union, including the euro zone. Germany's system of economic governance emerges as a common theme as Siebert examines why this onetime economic powerhouse is today a faltering giant. He argues that what Germany needs, above all, is a market renaissance; that it must throw off the shackles of its social welfare economy and of its hallmark consensus approach, whereby group-based cooperative decision-making has undermined competition and markets. In doing so he examines both the country's social security system and its labor market, including trade unions. His focus throughout is on Germany's present concerns, foreseeable future problems, and long-term policy issues. The definitive word on the postwar German economy to the present day, The German Economy is essential reading for economists and finance professionals as well as students, researchers, and others interested in modern-day Germany and its place and prospects at the heart of Europe.
Book Synopsis The New Basel Capital Accord by : Benton E. Gup
Download or read book The New Basel Capital Accord written by Benton E. Gup and published by Cengage Learning. This book was released on 2004 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jonathan Edwards was a preacher, pastor, revivalist, and theologian. This volume unpacks his magnificent theological vision, which starts with God’s glory and ends with all creation returning to that glory. Sean Michael Lucas has converted his years of teaching on Edwards into this valuable work, which places Edwards’s vision in an accessible, two-part framework. Part one focuses on Edwards’s understanding of redemption history-God’s cosmic, grand work from eternity past to eternity future, where all things are united in Christ. Part two examines Edwards’s perspective on “redemption applied”-how that gracious, divine work unfolds in space and time to personally transform individuals, stirring their affections, illuminating their minds, and moving their wills to form new habits and practices. This overview of Edwards’s theology will prove to be a thought-provoking, encouraging guide to contemporary believers at every stage of their spiritual journey.
Book Synopsis Importance of Basel III for lending alternatives to SMEs by : Daniel Hosp
Download or read book Importance of Basel III for lending alternatives to SMEs written by Daniel Hosp and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-02-05 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1, University of Innsbruck, course: Aktuelle Themen in Banking and Finance, language: English, abstract: Basel III is currently on everyone’s lips. Some weeks before the introduction of the first requirements it is still not fully clear how and which parts of it will be implemented. Several studies about the impact of Basel III on bank loan availability for small and medium sized companies (SMEs ) do exist (e.g. McKinsey (2010)) which have shown that the introduction of those new regulatory requirements hamper the access for SMEs to sufficient sources of funding. This raises the question if these restrictions for bank lending can be substituted by some alternative funding source or if the availability of external finance to SMEs will be constrained under Basel III. This seminar paper focuses on the lending alternatives apart from bank loans and the possibility of gathering additional equity capital. This is basically the so called asset based finance. Thereby the paper concentrates on European SMEs as long as their conditions are quite similar to those of Austrian SMEs and the introduction of Basel III can be expected to be most strict for European financial institution and thus may hit those SMEs the most. Before starting with the explanation of different lending alternatives the importance of SMEs for the global economy should be pointed out. The importance is especially present in Europe. SMEs account for two third of the total employment in the EU-27 area and they generated more economic growth from 2002 to 2008 than large firms did (Oxford Economics, 2011). Moreover they represent 99% of all businesses that exist in Europe (European Commission, 2005). So SMEs are the main driver of economic growth, employment and wealth in Europe. Apart from that each single SME does not have a systematic risk and they were also not responsible for the current financial crisis. Thus SMEs should generally be supported to sustain growth and employment. Nevertheless the rules of Basel III may have highly negative influences on their financing possibilities which moreover has a negative effect on the real economy...
Book Synopsis Private Ratings, Public Regulations by : A. Kruck
Download or read book Private Ratings, Public Regulations written by A. Kruck and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-05-11 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Credit rating agencies play a powerful and contentious role in the governance of global financial markets. Introducing an original framework for delegating political authority to private actors, this book explains common trends in the regulatory use of private ratings for public purposes and analyzes regulatory changes after the Financial Crisis.
Book Synopsis Impact and Effects of Innovations in the Financial Industry in Germany by : Museum Kurhaus Kleve
Download or read book Impact and Effects of Innovations in the Financial Industry in Germany written by Museum Kurhaus Kleve and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,0, University of Warwick (Warwick Manufacturing Group), language: English, abstract: The internet and digitalization tremendously affected many economic sectors, and both take increasingly influence over the financial services industry in Germany. New founded start-up companies, so-called FinTechs, connect innovative technologies with financial products and services and attack established players of the financial industry. While the Fintech industry constitutes a new dynamic and short-living market environment, the innovative strengths of new market entrants put pressure on financial service companies and banks in Germany. To assess the importance and impact of FinTechs on the financial industry and economy in Germany, a comprehensive amount of data including market size and market structure is needed. Particularly against the background of associated chances and risks of growing FinTech industry, an examination of the market size and impact is of tremendous importance to examine the innovative potential of FinTech business models. Low interest rates and risky business models in the aftermath of the financial crisis proved a lack of innovative thinking of banks and financial service companies in Germany. Indeed, FinTechs tend to have a stronger focus on customer needs thus closing existing market gaps better than traditional banks. Undoubtedly, this observation manifests in corporate finance when traditional banks neglect small and medium enterprises as potential clients. Particularly in market niches, FinTechs establish digital marketplaces connecting customers and facilitating the consumption of core banking products and services. Recently, the European Union announced that existing market entry barriers for FinTech start-ups would be dispelled. After the enacting of Basel II and Basel III Schindele and Szczesny (2015) analyse that core banking activities such a
Book Synopsis The New Basel Capital Accord and the Future of the European Financial System by : Rym Ayadi
Download or read book The New Basel Capital Accord and the Future of the European Financial System written by Rym Ayadi and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2004 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to provide a detailed, up-to-date and critical analysis of the New Basel Capital Accord framework. It focuses on the limitations and pitfalls that may deserve further investigation, particularly at the European level. Moreover, it provides a provisional assessment of its effects on small- and medium-sized European banks, as well as small- and medium-sized European enterprises. It examines the procyclicality of the new Accord and offers mechanisms to counter it. Finally, it addresses the challenges of implementing the new rules at the EU level.
Book Synopsis Banking On Basel by : Daniel Tarullo
Download or read book Banking On Basel written by Daniel Tarullo and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2008-11-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The turmoil in financial markets that resulted from the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis in the United States indicates the need to dramatically transform regulation and supervision of financial institutions. Would these institutions have been sounder if the 2004 Revised Framework on International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards (Basel II accord)—negotiated between 1999 and 2004—had already been fully implemented? Basel II represents a dramatic change in capital regulation of large banks in the countries represented on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: Its internal ratings–based approaches to capital regulation will allow large banks to use their own credit risk models to set minimum capital requirements. The Basel Committee itself implicitly acknowledged in spring 2008 that the revised framework would not have been adequate to contain the risks exposed by the subprime crisis and needed strengthening. This crisis has highlighted two more basic questions about Basel II: One, is the method of capital regulation incorporated in the revised framework fundamentally misguided? Two, even if the basic Basel II approach has promise as a paradigm for domestic regulation, is the effort at extensive international harmonization of capital rules and supervisory practice useful and appropriate? This book provides the answers. It evaluates Basel II as a bank regulatory paradigm and as an international arrangement, considers some possible alternatives, and recommends significant changes in the arrangement.
Download or read book Change in SMEs written by K. Bluhm and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-08-04 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most research on institutional features of distinct varieties of capitalism in Europe has analyzed only large corporations. This volume explores the impact of the institutional and structural changes on corporate governance, management culture, and social relationships in small and medium sized enterprises in different European countries.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy, Technology, and Economic Growth Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (327 download)
Book Synopsis The new Basel Accord by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy, Technology, and Economic Growth
Download or read book The new Basel Accord written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy, Technology, and Economic Growth and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The European Union and Global Financial Regulation by : Lucia Quaglia
Download or read book The European Union and Global Financial Regulation written by Lucia Quaglia and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The European Union and Global Financial Regulation' examines the influence of the EU in regulating global finance over time. It comprehensively and systematically covers all the main financial services, including; banking, securities markets, insurance, and accounting and auditing standards.
Book Synopsis Central Banks in the Age of the Euro by : Kenneth Dyson
Download or read book Central Banks in the Age of the Euro written by Kenneth Dyson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The age of the euro has cast central banks in a newly prominent role in European integration and in macro-economic policy making in Europe. This text examines the effects of the euro as the new European single currency on the central banks of the member states of the European Union.
Book Synopsis Entrepreneurship in Culture and Creative Industries by : Elisa Innerhofer
Download or read book Entrepreneurship in Culture and Creative Industries written by Elisa Innerhofer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains and analyzes entrepreneurship and cultural management issues in the creative and cultural sectors and discusses the impacts of economic, social and structural changes on cultural entrepreneurship. The expert contributions investigate the role of cultural entrepreneurship in regional and destination management and development by presenting best practice examples. It offers various interdisciplinary approaches, including perspectives from the fields of entrepreneurship and management, regional and destination management and development, sociology, psychology, innovation as well as creative industries, and also features articles exploring cultural entrepreneurship on a corporate as well as on a spatial level – or in other words in regions and destinations.
Author :Management Association, Information Resources Publisher :IGI Global ISBN 13 :1522507892 Total Pages :1780 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (225 download)
Book Synopsis Nature-Inspired Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications by : Management Association, Information Resources
Download or read book Nature-Inspired Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 1780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As technology continues to become more sophisticated, mimicking natural processes and phenomena also becomes more of a reality. Continued research in the field of natural computing enables an understanding of the world around us, in addition to opportunities for man-made computing to mirror the natural processes and systems that have existed for centuries. Nature-Inspired Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications takes an interdisciplinary approach to the topic of natural computing, including emerging technologies being developed for the purpose of simulating natural phenomena, applications across industries, and the future outlook of biologically and nature-inspired technologies. Emphasizing critical research in a comprehensive multi-volume set, this publication is designed for use by IT professionals, researchers, and graduate students studying intelligent computing.
