The Hell with Black People

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Author :
Publisher : Coleman Lauderdale
ISBN 13 : 1467554588
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (675 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hell with Black People by : coleman G. Lauderdale

Download or read book The Hell with Black People written by coleman G. Lauderdale and published by Coleman Lauderdale. This book was released on 2013 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Haven and a Hell

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Author :
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231545576
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis A Haven and a Hell by : Lance Freeman

Download or read book A Haven and a Hell written by Lance Freeman and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The black ghetto is thought of as a place of urban decay and social disarray. Like the historical ghetto of Venice, it is perceived as a space of confinement, one imposed on black America by whites. It is the home of a marginalized underclass and a sign of the depth of American segregation. Yet while black urban neighborhoods have suffered from institutional racism and economic neglect, they have also been places of refuge and community. In A Haven and a Hell, Lance Freeman examines how the ghetto shaped black America and how black America shaped the ghetto. Freeman traces the evolving role of predominantly black neighborhoods in northern cities from the late nineteenth century through the present day. At times, the ghetto promised the freedom to build black social institutions and political power. At others, it suppressed and further stigmatized African Americans. Freeman reveals the forces that caused the ghetto’s role as haven or hell to wax and wane, spanning the Great Migration, mid-century opportunities, the eruptions of the sixties, the challenges of the seventies and eighties, and present-day issues of mass incarceration, the subprime crisis, and gentrification. Offering timely planning and policy recommendations based in this history, A Haven and a Hell provides a powerful new understanding of urban black communities at a time when the future of many inner-city neighborhoods appears uncertain.

Hoodlums

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Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022610981X
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Hoodlums by : William L. Van Deburg

Download or read book Hoodlums written by William L. Van Deburg and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Luther King Jr. Malcolm X. Muhammad Ali. When you think of African American history, you think of its heroes—individuals endowed with courage and strength who are celebrated for their bold exploits and nobility of purpose. But what of black villains? Villains, just as much as heroes, have helped define the black experience. Ranging from black slaveholders and frontier outlaws to serial killers and gangsta rappers, Hoodlums examines the pivotal role of black villains in American society and popular culture. Here, William L. Van Deburg offers the most extensive treatment to date of the black badman and the challenges that this figure has posed for race relations in America. He first explores the evolution of this problematic racial stereotype in the literature of the early Republic—documents in which the enslavement of African Americans was justified through exegetical claims. Van Deburg then probes antebellum slave laws, minstrel shows, and the works of proslavery polemicists to consider how whites conceptualized blacks as members of an inferior and dangerous race. Turning to key works by blacks themselves, from the writings of Frederick Douglass and W. E. B. Du Bois to classic blaxploitation films like Black Caesar and The Mack, Van Deburg demonstrates how African Americans have combated such negative stereotypes and reconceptualized the idea of the badman through stories of social bandits—controversial individuals vilified by whites for their proclivity toward evil, but revered in the black community as necessarily insurgent and revolutionary. Ultimately, Van Deburg brings his story up-to-date with discussions of prison and hip-hop culture, urban rioting, gang warfare, and black-on-black crime. What results is a work of remarkable virtuosity—a nuanced history that calls for both whites and blacks to rethink received wisdom on the nature and prevalence of black villainy.

What the Hell Is Wrong with You Black People?

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Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781463727482
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (274 download)

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Book Synopsis What the Hell Is Wrong with You Black People? by : Raymond Sturgis

Download or read book What the Hell Is Wrong with You Black People? written by Raymond Sturgis and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-26 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The condition of African-Americans today is quite alarming and disturbing. African-Americans have an enormous amount of contributions from their ancestors to advance in positive and productive directions. However, black Americans advancement in technology, science, music, arts and business, is overshadowed by black on black crime, and poor family values. What is the reason why so many black people have lost respect, hope and pride in the very achievements that enable them to enrich their children's future? Where is the love, and pride that can elevate blacks to support black businesses, housing and human life? What the Hell is Wrong with You? is asking a question to the murderers, deviants of black communities, to dysfunctional families and hopeless youth that feel they have no contribution to their race. The world will always have a microscope on blacks in America, because for centuries, blacks have inspired other minorities and victims of discrimination that they too can overcome. Today, African Americans are more concerned about surviving the violence of their neighborhoods, instead of creating businesses, enriching children minds with love or fighting for better schools. African Americans are too preoccupied with crime, and poor economic conditions to save their children from hopelessness and low self-esteem. The future of today's youth depends on how well we encourage their dreams of success, and if the only dream they have is surviving gun-violence, where does that leave African Americans future? How many deaths will it take African Americans to understand their plight? How many hopeless black adolescents have to kill someone before someone notices their cry for help? Many may contend that there is nothing wrong with blacks in America, until a black child is murdered, until a wife or girlfriend is abused, until black communities become an unlivable war zone for someone to notice. What the Hell Is Wrong with You Black People? is not only about the problems plaguing blacks in America, but solutions that help uplift a race in need of refreshing words to restore their believe in a better America. You will not find a book on the market today that substantiates the concerns of African Americans then, 'What the Hell Is Wrong with You Black People?

Black in White Space

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Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226826414
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Black in White Space by : Elijah Anderson

Download or read book Black in White Space written by Elijah Anderson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2023-04-05 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the vital voice of Elijah Anderson, Black in White Space sheds fresh light on the dire persistence of racial discrimination in our country. A birder strolling in Central Park. A college student lounging on a university quad. Two men sitting in a coffee shop. Perfectly ordinary actions in ordinary settings—and yet, they sparked jarring and inflammatory responses that involved the police and attracted national media coverage. Why? In essence, Elijah Anderson would argue, because these were Black people existing in white spaces. In Black in White Space, Anderson brings his immense knowledge and ethnography to bear in this timely study of the racial barriers that are still firmly entrenched in our society at every class level. He focuses in on symbolic racism, a new form of racism in America caused by the stubbornly powerful stereotype of the ghetto embedded in the white imagination, which subconsciously connects all Black people with crime and poverty regardless of their social or economic position. White people typically avoid Black space, but Black people are required to navigate the “white space” as a condition of their existence. From Philadelphia street-corner conversations to Anderson’s own morning jogs through a Cape Cod vacation town, he probes a wealth of experiences to shed new light on how symbolic racism makes all Black people uniquely vulnerable to implicit bias in police stops and racial discrimination in our country. An unwavering truthteller in our national conversation on race, Anderson has shared intimate and sharp insights into Black life for decades. Vital and eye-opening, Black in White Space will be a must-read for anyone hoping to understand the lived realities of Black people and the structural underpinnings of racism in America.

Speaking in God's Name

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Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1780744684
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Speaking in God's Name by : Khaled Abou El Fadl

Download or read book Speaking in God's Name written by Khaled Abou El Fadl and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on both religious and secular sources, this challenging book argues that divinely ordained law is frequently misinterpreted by Muslim authorities at the expense of certain groups, including women. Khaled Abou El Fadl cites a series of injustices in Islamic society and ultimately proposes a return to the original ethics at the heart of the Muslim legal system.

The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms

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Author :
Publisher : Orbit
ISBN 13 : 0316075973
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms by : N. K. Jemisin

Download or read book The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms written by N. K. Jemisin and published by Orbit. This book was released on 2010-02-25 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After her mother's mysterious death, a young woman is summoned to the floating city of Sky in order to claim a royal inheritance she never knew existed in the first book in this award-winning fantasy trilogy from the NYT bestselling author of The Fifth Season. Yeine Darr is an outcast from the barbarian north. But when her mother dies under mysterious circumstances, she is summoned to the majestic city of Sky. There, to her shock, Yeine is named an heiress to the king. But the throne of the Hundred Thousand Kingdoms is not easily won, and Yeine is thrust into a vicious power struggle with cousins she never knew she had. As she fights for her life, she draws ever closer to the secrets of her mother's death and her family's bloody history. With the fate of the world hanging in the balance, Yeine will learn how perilous it can be when love and hate -- and gods and mortals -- are bound inseparably together.

The Black Kids

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Author :
Publisher : Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers
ISBN 13 : 1534462724
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis The Black Kids by : Christina Hammonds Reed

Download or read book The Black Kids written by Christina Hammonds Reed and published by Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times bestseller “Should be required reading in every classroom.” —Nic Stone, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Dear Martin “A true love letter to Los Angeles.” —Brandy Colbert, award-winning author of Little & Lion “A brilliantly poetic take on one of the most defining moments in Black American history.” —Tiffany D. Jackson, author of Grown and Monday’s Not Coming Perfect for fans of The Hate U Give, this unforgettable coming-of-age debut novel explores issues of race, class, and violence through the eyes of a wealthy black teenager whose family gets caught in the vortex of the 1992 Rodney King Riots. Los Angeles, 1992 Ashley Bennett and her friends are living the charmed life. It’s the end of senior year and they’re spending more time at the beach than in the classroom. They can already feel the sunny days and endless possibilities of summer. Everything changes one afternoon in April, when four LAPD officers are acquitted after beating a black man named Rodney King half to death. Suddenly, Ashley’s not just one of the girls. She’s one of the black kids. As violent protests engulf LA and the city burns, Ashley tries to continue on as if life were normal. Even as her self-destructive sister gets dangerously involved in the riots. Even as the model black family façade her wealthy and prominent parents have built starts to crumble. Even as her best friends help spread a rumor that could completely derail the future of her classmate and fellow black kid, LaShawn Johnson. With her world splintering around her, Ashley, along with the rest of LA, is left to question who is the us? And who is the them?

Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights

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Author :
Publisher : Liveright Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1631495704
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights by : Gretchen Sorin

Download or read book Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights written by Gretchen Sorin and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bloomberg • Best Nonfiction Books of 2020: "[A] tour de force." The basis of a major PBS documentary by Ric Burns, this “excellent history” (The New Yorker) reveals how the automobile fundamentally changed African American life. Driving While Black demonstrates that the car—the ultimate symbol of independence and possibility—has always held particular importance for African Americans, allowing black families to evade the dangers presented by an entrenched racist society and to enjoy, in some measure, the freedom of the open road. Melding new archival research with her family’s story, Gretchen Sorin recovers a lost history, demonstrating how, when combined with black travel guides—including the famous Green Book—the automobile encouraged a new way of resisting oppression.

A History of the African-American People (Proposed) by Strom Thurmond

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Author :
Publisher : Akashic Books
ISBN 13 : 1617752134
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of the African-American People (Proposed) by Strom Thurmond by :

Download or read book A History of the African-American People (Proposed) by Strom Thurmond written by and published by Akashic Books. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A truly funny sendup of the corrupt politics of academe, the publishing industry and politics, as well as a subtle but biting critique of racial ideology.” —Publishers Weekly This “hilarious high-concept satire” (Publishers Weekly), by the PEN/Faulkner finalist and acclaimed author of Telephone and Erasure, is a fictitious and satirical chronicle of South Carolina Senator Strom Thurmond’s desire to pen a history of African-Americans—his and his aides’ belief being that he has done as much, or more, than any American to shape that history. An epistolary novel, The History follows the letters of loose cannon Congressional office workers, insane interns at a large New York publishing house and disturbed publishing executives, along with homicidal rival editors, kindly family friends, and an aspiring author named Septic. Strom Thurmond appears charming and open, mad and sure of his place in American history. “Outrageously funny . . . it could become a cult classic.” —Library Journal “I think Percival Everett is a genius. I’ve been a fan since his first novel . . . He’s a brilliant writer and so damn smart I envy him.” —Terry McMillan, New York Times-bestselling author of It’s Not All Downhill from Here “God bless Percival Everett, whose dozens of idiosyncratic books demonstrate a majestic indifference to literary trends, the market or his critics.”?The Wall Street Journal

Black Women Are Crazy as Hell

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Author :
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 146911593X
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (691 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Women Are Crazy as Hell by : King

Download or read book Black Women Are Crazy as Hell written by King and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2008-03-07 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has more wisdom in it than Oprah, Dr. Phil and a bookstore combined. It will answer life-changing questions, such as: what do men look for in women? Is it true that you have given up on men because all the good ones are taken, or because all men cheat, are broke, or are in jail? If one of these thoughts has flickered through your thoughts, then this book is for you. Whining to a girlfriend or asking for advice is like the blind leading the blind. I would like you to ask yourself serious questions, like: will I be with someone special this coming holiday? For Valentines Day? On the next rainy night, or for my next birthday or special occasion? If the answer is no, ask yourself why? Whether you are single or married, this is a guide to help you identify common mistakes and poor choices that cause bad relationships, and to show you what you can do to make your future relationships fantastic. We will explore some very hurtful and painful things that real people have done, things that have affected peoples lives and can never be undone. Inside you will find everything you need to know, so these mistakes and poor choices will never, ever happen again. I guarantee if you follow these steps, great things will happen and you will live a long and happy life with someone who loves you just as much as you love them.

The Delectable Negro

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Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814794610
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis The Delectable Negro by : Vincent Woodard

Download or read book The Delectable Negro written by Vincent Woodard and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2015 LGBT Studies Award presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation Unearths connections between homoeroticism, cannibalism, and cultures of consumption in the context of American literature and US slave culture that has largely been ignored until now Scholars of US and transatlantic slavery have largely ignored or dismissed accusations that Black Americans were cannibalized. Vincent Woodard takes the enslaved person’s claims of human consumption seriously, focusing on both the literal starvation of the slave and the tropes of cannibalism on the part of the slaveholder, and further draws attention to the ways in which Blacks experienced their consumption as a fundamentally homoerotic occurrence. The Delectable Negro explores these connections between homoeroticism, cannibalism, and cultures of consumption in the context of American literature and US slave culture. Utilizing many staples of African American literature and culture, such as the slave narratives of Olaudah Equiano, Harriet Jacobs, and Frederick Douglass, as well as other less circulated materials like James L. Smith’s slave narrative, runaway slave advertisements, and numerous articles from Black newspapers published in the nineteenth century, Woodard traces the racial assumptions, political aspirations, gender codes, and philosophical frameworks that dictated both European and white American arousal towards Black males and hunger for Black male flesh. Woodard uses these texts to unpack how slaves struggled not only against social consumption, but also against endemic mechanisms of starvation and hunger designed to break them. He concludes with an examination of the controversial chain gang oral sex scene in Toni Morrison’s Beloved, suggesting that even at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century, we are still at a loss for language with which to describe Black male hunger within a plantation culture of consumption.

How to Be Black

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Author :
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0062098047
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Be Black by : Baratunde Thurston

Download or read book How to Be Black written by Baratunde Thurston and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York TimesBestseller Baratunde Thurston’s comedic memoir chronicles his coming-of-blackness and offers practical advice on everything from “How to Be the Black Friend” to “How to Be the (Next) Black President”. Have you ever been called “too black” or “not black enough”? Have you ever befriended or worked with a black person? Have you ever heard of black people? If you answered yes to any of these questions, this book is for you. It is also for anyone who can read, possesses intelligence, loves to laugh, and has ever felt a distance between who they know themselves to be and what the world expects. Raised by a pro-black, Pan-Afrikan single mother during the crack years of 1980s Washington, DC, and educated at Sidwell Friends School and Harvard University, Baratunde Thurston has more than over thirty years' experience being black. Now, through stories of his politically inspired Nigerian name, the heroics of his hippie mother, the murder of his drug-abusing father, and other revelatory black details, he shares with readers of all colors his wisdom and expertise in how to be black. “As a black woman, this book helped me realize I’m actually a white man.”—Patton Oswalt

The Black Agenda

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Author :
Publisher : OR Books
ISBN 13 : 9781682192900
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (929 download)

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Book Synopsis The Black Agenda by : Glen Ford

Download or read book The Black Agenda written by Glen Ford and published by OR Books. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Black politics is key to recognizing the most important social dynamics of the United States. And over the past 40 years no other commentator has been as deeply insightful about the paradoxes and personalities of Black American public life as the journalist and radio host Glen Ford. In this stunning overview, Ford draws on his work for Black Agenda Report, one of the most incisive and perceptive publications of the progressive left, to examine the often-competing struggles for class power and identity in the Black movement. In a survey that stretches from the racist assault on Black people in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, through the engineered bankruptcy of Detroit, to the false promise of the Obama presidency, Ford casts a caustic eye on the empty posturing and corruption of the Democratic Party leadership. This, he insists, depends for electoral success on a Black constituency whilst co-opting a section of its leadership in a perpetual selling out of working people's interests. Profiling along the way storied Black leaders such as Martin Luther King, Malcom X and James Brown (for whom Ford once worked), The Black Agenda looks, too, beyond American shores at conflicts in Libya, the Congo and the Middle East showing how these are imbricated with racism at home. Ford concludes with a discussion of the Black Lives Matter movement, setting out both its potentialities and pitfalls.

Sundown Towns

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Publisher : The New Press
ISBN 13 : 1620974541
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Sundown Towns by : James W. Loewen

Download or read book Sundown Towns written by James W. Loewen and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Powerful and important . . . an instant classic." —The Washington Post Book World The award-winning look at an ugly aspect of American racism by the bestselling author of Lies My Teacher Told Me, reissued with a new preface by the author In this groundbreaking work, sociologist James W. Loewen, author of the classic bestseller Lies My Teacher Told Me, brings to light decades of hidden racial exclusion in America. In a provocative, sweeping analysis of American residential patterns, Loewen uncovers the thousands of "sundown towns"—almost exclusively white towns where it was an unspoken rule that blacks weren't welcome—that cropped up throughout the twentieth century, most of them located outside of the South. Written with Loewen's trademark honesty and thoroughness, Sundown Towns won the Gustavus Myers Outstanding Book Award, received starred reviews in Publishers Weekly and Booklist, and launched a nationwide online effort to track down and catalog sundown towns across America. In a new preface, Loewen puts this history in the context of current controversies around white supremacy and the Black Lives Matter movement. He revisits sundown towns and finds the number way down, but with notable exceptions in exclusive all-white suburbs such as Kenilworth, Illinois, which as of 2010 had not a single black household. And, although many former sundown towns are now integrated, they often face "second-generation sundown town issues," such as in Ferguson, Missouri, a former sundown town that is now majority black, but with a majority-white police force.

Dilbert and the Way of the Weasel

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Author :
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 006052149X
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Dilbert and the Way of the Weasel by : Scott Adams

Download or read book Dilbert and the Way of the Weasel written by Scott Adams and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2003-10-21 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Back after a four–year hiatus, New York Times bestselling author Scott Adams presents an outrageous look at work, home and everyday life in his new book, Dilbert and the Way of the Weasel. Building on Dilbert's theory that 'All people are idiots', Adams now says, 'All people are idiots. And they are also weasels.' Just ask anyone who worked at Enron. In this book, Adams takes a look into the Weasel Zone, the giant grey area between good moral behaviour and outright felonious activities. In the Weasel Zone, where most people reside, everything is misleading, but not exactly a lie. Building on his popular comic strip, Adams looks into work, home and everyday life and exposes the way of the weasel for everyone to see. With appearances from all the regular comic strip characters, Adams and Dilbert are at the top of their game – master satirists who expose the truth while making us laugh our heads off.

Medical Apartheid

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Author :
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 076791547X
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (679 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Apartheid by : Harriet A. Washington

Download or read book Medical Apartheid written by Harriet A. Washington and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD WINNER • The first full history of Black America’s shocking mistreatment as unwilling and unwitting experimental subjects at the hands of the medical establishment. No one concerned with issues of public health and racial justice can afford not to read this masterful book. "[Washington] has unearthed a shocking amount of information and shaped it into a riveting, carefully documented book." —New York Times From the era of slavery to the present day, starting with the earliest encounters between Black Americans and Western medical researchers and the racist pseudoscience that resulted, Medical Apartheid details the ways both slaves and freedmen were used in hospitals for experiments conducted without their knowledge—a tradition that continues today within some black populations. It reveals how Blacks have historically been prey to grave-robbing as well as unauthorized autopsies and dissections. Moving into the twentieth century, it shows how the pseudoscience of eugenics and social Darwinism was used to justify experimental exploitation and shoddy medical treatment of Blacks. Shocking new details about the government’s notorious Tuskegee experiment are revealed, as are similar, less-well-known medical atrocities conducted by the government, the armed forces, prisons, and private institutions. The product of years of prodigious research into medical journals and experimental reports long undisturbed, Medical Apartheid reveals the hidden underbelly of scientific research and makes possible, for the first time, an understanding of the roots of the African American health deficit. At last, it provides the fullest possible context for comprehending the behavioral fallout that has caused Black Americans to view researchers—and indeed the whole medical establishment—with such deep distrust.