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The Growing Russian Military Threat In Europe
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Author :Commission on Security and Cooperation I Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781974580477 Total Pages :62 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (84 download)
Book Synopsis The Growing Russian Military Threat in Europe by : Commission on Security and Cooperation I
Download or read book The Growing Russian Military Threat in Europe written by Commission on Security and Cooperation I and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even a casual observer of international affairs would recognize that Russian military aggression has posed a tremendous threat to the European security in recent years. The Russian leadership has chosen an antagonistic stance, both regionally and globally, as it seeks to reassert its influence from a bygone era. The actions taken by the Russian leadership under the aggressive posture of Vladimir Putin have, without any doubt, violated commitments enshrined in the Helsinki Final Act and other agreements. To name three examples: Number one, Russia has breached its commitment to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Number two, Russia has breached its commitment to refrain from violating their sovereignty, territorial integrity, or other political independence. And third, Russia has breached its commitment to respect other states' right to choose their own security alliances. Many of Russia's neighbors have faced Russian military aggression in recent years. Ukraine and Georgia have both seen important parts of their territories forcibly occupied, including the illegal attempted annexation of Crimea in 2014. Russian forces continue to be present in Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova, against the wishes of the governments of those countries. In addition to its direct aggression toward its neighbors, Moscow has also made it a priority to undermine the effective functioning of several conventional arms control agreements and measures for confidence and security building.
Book Synopsis European-Russian Power Relations in Turbulent Times by : Mai'a Cross
Download or read book European-Russian Power Relations in Turbulent Times written by Mai'a Cross and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Russia-Europe relationship is deteriorating, signaling the darkest era yet in security on the continent since the end of the Cold War. In addition, the growing influence of the Trump administration has destabilized the transatlantic security community, compelling Europe—especially the European Union—to rethink its relations with Russia. The volume editors’ primary goal is to illuminate the nature of the deteriorating security relationship between Europe and Russia, and the key implications for its future. While the book is timely, the editors and contributors also draw out long-term lessons from this era of diplomatic degeneration to show how increasing cooperation between two regions can devolve into rapidly escalating conflict. While it is possible that the relationship between Russia and Europe can ultimately be restored, it is also necessary to understand why it was undermined in the first place. The fact that these transformations occur under the backdrop of an uncertain transatlantic relationship makes this investigation all the more pressing. Each chapter in this volume addresses three dimensions of the problem: first, how and why the power status quo that had existed since the end of the Cold War has changed in recent years, as evidenced by Russia’s newly aggressive posturing; second, the extent to which the EU’s power has been enabled or constrained in light of Russia’s actions; and third, the risks entailed in Europe’s reactive power—that is, the tendency to act after-the-fact instead of proactively toward Russia—in light of the transatlantic divide under Trump.
Book Synopsis Russia's Hostile Measures in Europe by : Raphael S. Cohen
Download or read book Russia's Hostile Measures in Europe written by Raphael S. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines current Russian hostile measures in Europe and forecasts how Russia might threaten Europe using these measures over the next few years. This report observes that Russia has the most strategic interest in influencing western Europe, but it has the most leverage over countries of eastern Europe, and offers a range of recommendations for the U.S. government and for the U.S. Army on countering hostile measures.
Book Synopsis Europe's New Defense Ambitions by : Peter van Ham
Download or read book Europe's New Defense Ambitions written by Peter van Ham and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001-04 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the EU's Helsinki summit in 1999, European leaders took a decisive step toward the development of a new Common European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) aimed at giving the EU a stronger role in international affairs backed by a credible military force. This report analyzes the processes leading to the ESDP by examining why and how this new European consensus came about. It touches upon the controversies and challenges that still lie ahead. What are the national interests and driving forces behind it, and what steps need to be taken to realize Europe's ambitions to achieve a workable European crisis mgmt. capability?
Download or read book Project 1704 written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-13 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This vital report by the U.S. Army carefully examines the threat posed by the aggressive Russian strategy in Europe pursued by President Vladimir Putin. In the summer of 2014, Russia forcibly annexed Crimea from Ukraine and then actively supported ethnic Russian separatists in an on-going irredentist bid in Eastern Ukraine. This aggressive policy threatens to challenge NATO and the United States in its support of Ukraine and other nations of Eastern Europe. From this changing strategic environment, three central questions emerge: (1) What is the Russian strategy in their periphery? (2) What is the appropriate U.S. response? (3) What are the implications for U.S. landpower? Vladimir Putin's grand strategy relies on a complex mix of diplomatic, informational, military, and economic factors to preserve and expand Russian global power. Putin's strategy hinges on maintaining internal legitimacy, advancing a narrative of Russian greatness, manipulating nationalism, and protecting sources of revenue. He seizes opportunities to improve his position by controlling the media and the wealth of the elite class. Additionally, he maintains government control of large sectors of the Russian economy and industry, while engaging in energy politics abroad to advance its national interests. Finally, Putin is determined to keep former Soviet bloc countries oriented politically and economically toward Russia. In this, he espouses distinctly anti-Western rhetoric, casting NATO and the United States as Russian adversaries. Chapter 1: The Russian Strategic Environment * I. Historical Introduction * Russia yesterday * Russia today * Russia in crisis * II. Putin's Rise to Power * Out of nowhere * Putin's Russia * Establishing his rule * The man and his method * III. The Russian Military * Disarray * Ivanov doctrine * Continued reforms * Reforms since 2008 * Concerns * IV. The Russian Economy and Energy Sector * A weak ruble * Energy dependency * Impact of Ukraine crisis * Concerns * V. The Russian System * Trends * Tensions, frictions, and fissures * End state * VI. Conclusion * Chapter 2: Russian Landpower * I. Introduction * II. Recent Russian Military Operations * The 2008 Russia-Georgia Conflict * Russia's Lessons Learned * Georgia's Lessons Learned * III. The 2014-2015 Russian-Ukrainian Conflict * Russian Operations in Crimea * Russian Operations in Eastern Ukraine * IV. Recent Russian Military Operations: Similarities and Differences * Russian Landpower Today: State of Modernization and Readiness * Doctrine * Organization * Training * Materiel * Leadership * Personnel * V. Conclusion * Chapter 3 - The Emerging Russian approach * I. Strategy of Ambiguity * NATO/EU Divisions * Strategic Center of Gravity * Critical Capabilities * Critical Requirements * Flashpoints * Protection of Ethnic Russians Abroad * Western Alignment of a State * II. Anatomy of the Russian Response * The Russian Operational Approach * Objectives * Mechanisms * Desired Conditions * Lines of Operations and Examples * III. Assessment of Russian Strategy * IV. Conclusion * Chapter 4: Analysis and Recommendations * I. Introduction * II. Ends * Strategic Approach of the United States and NATO * III. Ways * Countering the Russian Approach to the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) * Countering the Russian Approach to Georgia and Ukraine * Countering the Russian Approach to Other Potential Russian Targets (Moldova and the Arctic) * IV. Putting the Army Operating Concept into Action * Where the Army Operating Concept Fits Well Where the Army Operating Concept Fits Well * Where the Army Operating Concept Falls Short * Tenets of Army Operations and the Current Force Structure in Europe * The Army Operating Concept: Risk and Mitigation * V. Means * Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) * Georgia and Ukraine * Other Potential Russian Targets (Moldova and the Arctic) * Recommended Role for NATO
Book Synopsis The Transformation of Russian Military Doctrine by : Alekseĭ Georgievich Arbatov
Download or read book The Transformation of Russian Military Doctrine written by Alekseĭ Georgievich Arbatov and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... Paper provides an authoritative analysis of national security thinking in Moscow, as well as some pointed suggestions on how to improve relations between Russia and the West. To assist readers who may want more details from official documents, as opposed to the opinions of an individual scholar and parliamentarian, we have also included extracts from the current Russian Military Doctrine and National Security Concept."--Forward.
Book Synopsis Threats to Russian Security by : Stephen Blank
Download or read book Threats to Russian Security written by Stephen Blank and published by Strategic Studies Institute. This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The documented threat assessments addressed here are clearly the culmination to date of a long-standing process by which the Russian military and government have forsaken the optimistic Westernizing postures and visions of the initial post-Soviet years and returned in many respects to assessments and demands for specific policies that evoke the Soviet mentality and period. The armed forces and the government have adopted a viewpoint that magnifies both the internal and external threats to Russia that they perceive and regard those threats as growing in number and saliency. This viewpoint is fundamentally at odds with both the post-1985 Soviet and Russian perspective and with Western perspectives on international security. The future course of Russian security policy is one of the most important and difficult questions in contemporary international affairs. This monograph addresses basic issues pertaining to Russia s future options for policymakers' consideration and reflection as the global debate over Russia s future direction under Vladimir Putin takes shape.
Book Synopsis European Relations with Russia by : Stéphanie Pézard
Download or read book European Relations with Russia written by Stéphanie Pézard and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Prepared for the United States Army"--Title page.
Book Synopsis Threats to Russian Security: The View from Moscow by :
Download or read book Threats to Russian Security: The View from Moscow written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The documented threat assessments addressed here by Dr. Stephen Blank are clearly the culmination to date of a long-standing process by which the Russian military and government have forsaken the optimistic Westernizing postures and visions of the initial post-Soviet years and returned in many respects to assessments and demands for specific policies that evoke the Soviet mentality and period. The armed forces and the government have adopted a viewpoint that magnifies both the internal and external threats to Russia that they perceive and regard those threats as growing in number and saliency. This viewpoint is fundamentally at odds with both the post-1985 Soviet and Russian perspective and with Western perspectives on international security. In adopting this heightened sense of threat, the armed forces may well have been guided as much by interests urging higher defense spending and greater visibility for the General Staff and armed forces in the framing of Russian security policy. To the extent that official policy statements accept that assessment, they reflect trends in both internal and external policy that are inimical to notions of democratic reform and stability at home and partnership with the West abroad. Needless to say, such perspectives also make it harder for the overstressed economy, society, and polity to provide genuine security for Russia in a dynamic international context. The future course of Russian security policy is one of the most important and difficult questions in contemporary international affairs. This monograph addresses basic issues pertaining to Russia's future options for policymakers' consideration and reflection as the global debate over Russia's future direction under Vladimir Putin takes shape.
Book Synopsis New Threats, New EU and NATO Responses by : Margriet Ellen Drent
Download or read book New Threats, New EU and NATO Responses written by Margriet Ellen Drent and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Europe is facing instability and conflict in the East and in the South, which together form a mixed bag of different threats. The Russian interference in Ukraine has fundamentally changed the situation at Europe's eastern borders. Putin's hybrid warfare--no open armed confrontation but covert military support and anti-Western propaganda--poses new challenges to European security. In the Middle East jihadism has been brought to extreme levels by Islamic State, acting both as a state and a non-state actor. IS is now even spreading its wings into Africa. Europe is facing dire consequences with the problems of foreign fighters, growing migration flows across the Mediterranean and increasing transborder crime. New threats require new responses from the European Union and NATO. The Alliance is very much focused on the East, reinforcing its rapidly deployable military capabilities. Less clear is how NATO, a political-military alliance, has to respond to hybrid threats, which is the most likely option for Russia to challenge the West. It seems that NATO needs more flexible responses to deal with such challenges. The EU's neighbourhood policy, both to the East and to the South, is outdated. A more robust Common Security and Defence Policy seems to be required. Covering the whole-of-government the EU is well placed to deal with hybrid threats. Yet, it remains very difficult to bring all the available instruments together in an integrated way. Finally, the new threats also raise fundamental questions about the EU-NATO relationship, which has been based on complementarity but related to crisis management operations of the past. The EU-NATO relationship urgently needs reform."--Publisher description.
Book Synopsis The Eagle and the Trident by : Steven Pifer
Download or read book The Eagle and the Trident written by Steven Pifer and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insider’s account of the complex relations between the United States and post-Soviet Ukraine The Eagle and the Trident provides the first comprehensive account of the development of U.S. diplomatic relations with an independent Ukraine, covering the years 1992 through 2004 following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The United States devoted greater attention to Ukraine than any other post-Soviet state (except Russia) after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Steven Pifer, a career Foreign Service officer, worked on U.S.-Ukraine relations at the State Department and the White House during that period and also served as ambassador to Ukraine. With this volume he has written the definitive narrative of the ups and downs in the relationship between Washington and newly independent Ukraine. The relationship between the two countries moved from heady days in the mid- 1990s, when they declared a strategic partnership, to troubled times after 2002. During the period covered by the book, the United States generally succeeded in its major goals in Ukraine, notably the safe transfer of nearly 2,000 strategic nuclear weapons left there after the Soviet collapse. Washington also provided robust support for Ukraine’s effort to develop into a modern, democratic, market-oriented state. But these efforts aimed at reforming the state proved only modestly successful, leaving a nation that was not resilient enough to stand up to Russian aggression in Crimea in 2014. The author reflects on what worked and what did not work in the various U.S. approaches toward Ukraine. He also offers a practitioner’s recommendations for current U.S. policies in the context of ongoing uncertainty about the political stability of Ukraine and Russia’s long-term intentions toward its smaller but important neighbor.
Book Synopsis Future War and the Defence of Europe by : John R. Allen
Download or read book Future War and the Defence of Europe written by John R. Allen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future War and the Defence of Europe offers a major new analysis of how peace and security can be maintained in Europe: a continent that has suffered two cataclysmic conflicts since 1914. Taking as its starting point the COVID-19 pandemic and way it will inevitably accelerate some key global dynamics already in play, the book goes on to weave history, strategy, policy, and technology into a compelling analytical narrative. It lays out in forensic detail the scale of the challenge Europeans and their allies face if Europe's peace is to be upheld in a transformative century. The book upends foundational assumptions about how Europe's defence is organised, the role of a fast-changing transatlantic relationship, NATO, the EU, and their constituent nation-states. At the heart of the book is a radical vision of a technology-enabling future European defence, built around a new kind of Atlantic Alliance, an innovative strategic public-private partnership, and the future hyper-electronic European force, E-Force, it must spawn. Europeans should be under no illusion: unless they do far more for their own defence, and very differently, all that they now take for granted could be lost in the maze of hybrid war, cyber war, and hyper war they must face.
Book Synopsis Russia's 'New' Tools for Confronting the West: Continuity and Innovation in Moscow's Exercise of Power by : Giles Keir
Download or read book Russia's 'New' Tools for Confronting the West: Continuity and Innovation in Moscow's Exercise of Power written by Giles Keir and published by Chatham House (Formerly Riia). This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Is Russia Destined to Nuke the U.s.? by : S. Douglas Woodward
Download or read book Is Russia Destined to Nuke the U.s.? written by S. Douglas Woodward and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-07-20 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States and the Russian Federation are engaged in a war of words-a war that has elevated tensions between these political, military, and economic rivals to its highest level since the end of the Cold War in 1989. Spurring the bellicose discourse: (1) Russian incursion in the Ukraine and Crimea to reestablish Russian influence in those lands, (2) concerns expressed by former Warsaw Pact nations (e.g., Poland, Romania, and Estonia) regarding Russian intentions, and (3) the response of NATO and the U.S. to calm those concerns. According to Russian leaders, this territory historically belongs to Russia. Regardless of this diplomatic debate, however, facts on the ground matter much more: the population in the eastern one-third of the country and all of Crimea (geographically sitting atop the Black Sea) are predominately Russian-speaking. Ukrainians, whose ancestry has been tied to the land for centuries, loathe the Russians. As a result, the conflict has grown into a virtual civil war. During the past two decades, the United States has supported Ukrainian desires to participate in the European Union and join NATO, while Russia has argued these actions foment rebellion among what they regard as a minority of Ukrainians. Underneath these somewhat superficial arguments, Russia worries about its largest submarine base in Crimea at Sevastopol, which they consider utterly vital to their security. Additionally, Russia aggressively continues to seek a geographical buffer between itself and Europe having been devastated by two great wars during the past 100 years. Europe protests the incursion but seems unwilling (and unable) to use military force to push Russia back from its designs on Ukraine and Crimea. Only the U.S. displays the willingness to hold the line and demand Russia back down. Now the U.S. increases its rapid deployment force and naval assets to the region to put Russia in check. But what motivates the U.S.? Russian nerves remain on edge due to a slumping Russian economy, its aging weapon systems, and frequent bouts of political unrest domestically but especially in Russia's eastern and southern republics. Russia's federal government depends on a steady, high price of oil and natural gas, with as much as 52% of its revenue coming from these sources. Then there is the state of the Russian people. They suffer under economic sanctions imposed by Europe and the United States. Backed into a corner, is it surprising Russia rattles its sabre? However, Russia's only sabre-its one area of military superiority: Russian tactical nuclear weapons outnumbering NATOs tactical nukes 10 to 1 in the region. As Russia weakens in critical areas, several principal factors are converging which suggest Russia must act NOW to diminish U.S. economic dominance, military superiority, and political influence-for Russia seeks to curb U.S. "meddling" in regional affairs that they surmise threatens its national security. Additionally, Russia advances the strategic view that it is Washington and not Moscow that promotes domestic disputes throughout Eurasia, what Russians term "color revolutions." To Russian leaders, these Color Revolutions comprise CIA covert operations and insurrections intended to destabilize nations Russia regards vital to its interests, all the way from Syria to Afghanistan. In short, the Ukraine controversy may be a symbol of a much broader and deeper conflict. It constitutes a geopolitical sparring match-a contest in which both sides test the other's resolve to dominate global politics in the 21st century. In addition to examining why this verbal exchange foreshadows nuclear war sometime in the next few years, this study will discuss whether this potential war could be the fulfillment of biblical predictions regarding the dismal fate of what the Bible calls, the "daughter of Babylon." Finally, we consider the possible timing of this horrific confrontation in light of other end time events.
Book Synopsis War with Russia? by : Stephen F. Cohen
Download or read book War with Russia? written by Stephen F. Cohen and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is America in a new Cold War with Russia? How does a new Cold War affect the safety and security of the United States? Does Vladimir Putin really want to destabilize the West? What should Donald Trump and America’s allies do? America is in a new Cold War with Russia even more dangerous than the one the world barely survived in the twentieth century. The Soviet Union is gone, but the two nuclear superpowers are again locked in political and military confrontations, now from Ukraine to Syria. All of this is exacerbated by Washington’s war-like demonizing of the Kremlin leadership and by Russiagate’s unprecedented allegations. US mainstream media accounts are highly selective and seriously misleading. American “disinformation,” not only Russian, is a growing peril. In War With Russia?, Stephen F. Cohen—the widely acclaimed historian of Soviet and post-Soviet Russia—gives readers a very different, dissenting narrative of this more dangerous new Cold War from its origins in the 1990s, the actual role of Vladimir Putin, and the 2014 Ukrainian crisis to Donald Trump’s election and today’s unprecedented Russiagate allegations. Topics include: Distorting Russia US Follies and Media Malpractices 2016 The Obama Administration Escalates Military Confrontation With Russia Was Putin’s Syria Withdrawal Really A “Surprise”? Trump vs. Triumphalism Has Washington Gone Rogue? Blaming Brexit on Putin and Voters Washington Warmongers, Moscow Prepares Trump Could End the New Cold War The Real Enemies of US Security Kremlin-Baiting President Trump Neo-McCarthyism Is Now Politically Correct Terrorism and Russiagate Cold-War News Not “Fit to Print” Has NATO Expansion Made Anyone Safer? Why Russians Think America Is Attacking Them How Washington Provoked—and Perhaps Lost—a New Nuclear-Arms Race Russia Endorses Putin, The US and UK Condemn Him (Again) Russophobia Sanction Mania Cohen’s views have made him, it is said, “America’s most controversial Russia expert.” Some say this to denounce him, others to laud him as a bold, highly informed critic of US policies and the dangers they have helped to create. War With Russia? gives readers a chance to decide for themselves who is right: are we living, as Cohen argues, in a time of unprecedented perils at home and abroad?
Book Synopsis West-Russia Relations in Light of the Ukraine Crisis by : Riccardo Alcaro
Download or read book West-Russia Relations in Light of the Ukraine Crisis written by Riccardo Alcaro and published by Edizioni Nuova Cultura. This book was released on 2015 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of Russia’s annexation of Crimea and destabilization of Ukraine, West-Russia relations have so dramatically deteriorated that talk of a new Cold War has become routine. NATO’s role in Europe is again in the spotlight, with experts and policymakers pondering whether the Alliance needs to go back to its historical roots and re-calibrate itself as an instrument of defence from and containment of Russia. At the same time, cooperation between Russia and the West has not collapsed altogether coordinate on issues such as Iran’s nuclear programme. Clearly, tensions over Ukraine are so strong that the risk of a breakdown in relations cannot be ruled out. The contributions to this volume, the result of an international conference jointly organized by the Istituto Affari Internazionali and the Center on the United States and Europe at Brookings, analyze the dramatic shift in Europe’s strategic context and explore the question of whether Russia and the West can contain tensions, manage competition, and keep cooperating on issues of mutual concern.
Book Synopsis Russia's Military Interventions by : Samuel Charap
Download or read book Russia's Military Interventions written by Samuel Charap and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moscow's use of its military abroad in recent years has radically reshaped perceptions of Russia as an international actor. With the 2014 annexation of Crimea, the invasion of eastern Ukraine and sustainment of an insurgency there, and (in particular) the 2015 intervention in Syria, Russia repeatedly surprised U.S. policymakers with its willingness and ability to use its military to achieve its foreign policy objectives. Despite Russia's relatively small global economic footprint, it has engaged in more interventions than any other U.S. competitor since the end of the Cold War. In this report, the authors assess when, where, and why Russia conducts military interventions by analyzing the 25 interventions that Russia has undertaken since 1991, including detailed case studies of the 2008 Russia-Georgia War and Moscow's involvement in the ongoing Syrian civil war. The authors suggest that Russia is most likely to intervene to prevent erosion of its influence in its neighborhood, particularly following a shock that portends such an erosion occurring rapidly. If there were to be a regime change in a core Russian regional ally, such as Belarus or Armenia, that brought to power a government hostile to Moscow's interests, it is possible (if not likely) that a military intervention could ensue.
