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The Foundations Of Modality
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Book Synopsis The Foundations of Modality by : Peter Fritz
Download or read book The Foundations of Modality written by Peter Fritz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-03 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notions of necessity and possibility, as well as the notion of a possible world, are ubiquitous in philosophy. Nevertheless, these notions remain controversial. It also remains controversial whether metaphysics requires notions drawing distinctions which are finer than those which can be drawn in terms of necessity and possibility, such as the recently much-discussed notion of grounding. In order to make progress on these debates, this book develops a general framework for theorizing about such intensional notions using the tools of higher-order logic. The Foundations of Modality begins by motivating the use of higher-order logic, and introduces a particularly simple form of higher-order logic. Progress is made on well-trodden territory concerning modality and possible worlds by considering first the question how fine propositions are individuated. Peter Fritz uses both logical results and philosophical arguments to motivate a relatively coarse-grained individuation of propositions. Fritz shows that a number of putative metaphysical notions are ruled out by this theory of individuation. Furthermore, the theory allows the controversial notion of (metaphysical) necessity to be delineated as the broadest necessity, which applies just to the single tautologous proposition. This book also vindicates appeals to possible worlds: First, it shows that if anything plays the theoretical role of possible worlds, then certain propositions do so. Second, it argues that there are in fact the required propositions playing the role of possible worlds; this is shown using the notion of plural quantification over propositions in higher-order logic.
Book Synopsis Mere Possibilities by : Robert Stalnaker
Download or read book Mere Possibilities written by Robert Stalnaker and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It seems reasonable to believe that there might have existed things other than those that in fact exist, or have existed. But how should we understand such claims? Standard semantic theories exploit the Leibnizian metaphor of a set of all possible worlds: a proposition might or must be true if it is true in some or all possible worlds. The actualist, who believes that nothing exists except what actually exists, prefers to talk of possible states of the world, or of ways that a world might be. But even the actualist still faces the problem of explaining what we are talking about when we talk about the domains of other possible worlds. In Mere Possibilities, Robert Stalnaker develops a framework for clarifying this problem, and explores a number of actualist strategies for solving it. Some philosophers have hypothesized a realm of individual essences that stand as proxies for all merely possible beings. Others have argued that we are committed to the necessary existence of everything that does or might exist. In contrast, Mere Possibilities shows how we can make sense of ordinary beliefs about what might and must exist without making counterintuitive metaphysical commitments. The book also sheds new light on the nature of metaphysical theorizing by exploring the interaction of semantic and metaphysical issues, the connections between different metaphysical issues, and the nature of ontological commitment.
Book Synopsis The Foundations of Modality by : Peter Fritz
Download or read book The Foundations of Modality written by Peter Fritz and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notions of necessity and possibility, as well as the notion of a possible world, are ubiquitous in philosophy. Nevertheless, these notions remain controversial. This book develops a general framework for theorizing about these notions using the tools of higher-order logic.
Book Synopsis God, Modality, and Morality by : William E. Mann
Download or read book God, Modality, and Morality written by William E. Mann and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William E. Mann presents a philosophically defensible conception of the deity found in the Abrahamic religions. The book draws insights from such figures as Augustine, Philo, Aquinas, Leibniz, and contemporary philosophers. Unlike all other beings, God is perfect and simple. Simplicity entails that God has no physical or metaphysical parts or temporal stages. Perfection entails that God is immutable, omniscient, omnipotent, and perfectly good, having no equals or weaknesses. The book's chapters defend the coherence of these claims against various criticisms.
Download or read book Modality written by Sònia Roca-Royes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-11 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modality is a vast phenomenon. In fact, it is arguably a plurality of phenomena. Within it, one type of modality warrants distinctive interest in philosophy and, in particular, in metaphysics. In view of this, this Element has a first part devoted to modality as a general phenomenon, where different types of modalities are distinguished, and where the question of unification is raised. Following this, the second part is focused on metaphysical modality: the type of modality that is of distinctive interest in metaphysics, and thus for the series of this Element. In this second part, the overarching question is about the source of metaphysical modality, and the discussion here informs back, and is informed by, the question of unification from the first part. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Book Synopsis Logical Modalities from Aristotle to Carnap by : Max Cresswell
Download or read book Logical Modalities from Aristotle to Carnap written by Max Cresswell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces readers to the history of necessity and possibility, two modal concepts which play a key role in philosophy.
Book Synopsis Philosophical Approaches to the Foundations of Logic and Mathematics by : Marcin Trepczyński
Download or read book Philosophical Approaches to the Foundations of Logic and Mathematics written by Marcin Trepczyński and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-01-25 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophical Approaches to the Foundations of Logic and Mathematics consists of eleven articles addressing various aspects of the "roots" of logic and mathematics, their basic concepts and the mechanisms that work in the practice of their use.
Download or read book Modality written by Yitzhak Y. Melamed and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ever since the beginnings of philosophical thought in Greek antiquity, philosophers have made use of modalities such as necessity and possibility. In particular, the concepts of necessity and 'what must be' played an important role in Pre-Socratic thought. For example, Anaximander maintained that things perish into that from which they came to be 'in accordance with what must be' (kata to chreôn). Heraclitus held that 'everything comes about in accordance with strife and what must be (kat' erin kai chreôn)'. In his poem, Parmenides asserts that what is (to eon) is entirely still and changeless because 'powerful Necessity (Anagkê) holds it in the bonds of a limit, which encloses it all around'. Among the atomists, Democritus identified necessity with a whirl of atoms, holding that 'everything comes about in accordance with necessity, inasmuch as the whirl - which he calls necessity - is the cause of the coming about of all things'. Finally, Plato in the Timaeus describes the creation of the cosmos as the result of the interplay between divine demiurgic Intelligence and natural Necessity. While necessity figures centrally in the cosmologies presented by Plato and the Pre-Socratics, we do not have any evidence that these thinkers provided an account of the nature of necessity in general. The first philosopher known to have provided such an account is Aristotle. In his logical and metaphysical works, Aristotle develops a systematic theory of necessity and related modalities such as possibility and impossibility"--
Book Synopsis Foundations of Decision-Making Agents by :
Download or read book Foundations of Decision-Making Agents written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Modality by : Otávio Bueno
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Modality written by Otávio Bueno and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modality - the question of what is possible and what is necessary - is a fundamental area of philosophy and philosophical research. The Routledge Handbook of Modality is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising thirty-five chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into seven clear parts: worlds and modality essentialism, ontological dependence, and modality modal anti-realism epistemology of modality modality in science modality in logic and mathematics modality in the history of philosophy. Within these sections the central issues, debates and problems are examined, including possible worlds, essentialism, counterfactuals, ontological dependence, modal fictionalism, deflationism, the integration challenge, conceivability, a priori knowledge, laws of nature, natural kinds, and logical necessity. The Routledge Handbook of Modality is essential reading for students and researchers in epistemology, metaphysics and philosophy of language. It will also be very useful for those in related fields in philosophy such as philosophy of mathematics, logic and philosophy of science.
Book Synopsis Williamson on Modality by : Juhani Yli-Vakkuri
Download or read book Williamson on Modality written by Juhani Yli-Vakkuri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timothy Williamson is one of the most influential living philosophers working in the areas of logic and metaphysics. His work in these areas has been particularly influential in shaping debates about metaphysical modality, which is the topic of his recent provocative and closely-argued book Modal Logic as Metaphysics (2013). This book comprises ten essays by metaphysicians and logicians responding to Williamson’s work on metaphysical modality, as well as replies by Williamson to each essay. In addition, it contains an original essay by Williamson, ‘Modal science,’ concerning the role of modal claims in natural science. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Philosophy.
Book Synopsis Logic and the Foundations of Game and Decision Theory - LOFT 8 by : Giacomo Bonanno
Download or read book Logic and the Foundations of Game and Decision Theory - LOFT 8 written by Giacomo Bonanno and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-25 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Logic and the Foundations of the Theory of Game and Decision Theory, LOFT8 2008, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, July 2008. This volume is based on a selection of the presented papers and invited talks. They survived a thorough and lengthy reviewing process. The LOFT conferences are interdisciplinary events that bring together researchers from a variety of fields: computer science, economics, game theory, linguistics, logic, multi-agent systems, psychology, philosophy, social choice and statistics. Its focus is on the general issue of rationality and agency. The papers collected in this volume reflect the contemporary interests and interdisciplinary scope of the LOFT conferences.
Book Synopsis The Medieval Heritage in Early Modern Metaphysics and Modal Theory, 1400–1700 by : R.L. Friedman
Download or read book The Medieval Heritage in Early Modern Metaphysics and Modal Theory, 1400–1700 written by R.L. Friedman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores key aspects of the transmission of learning and the transformation of thought from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period. The topics dealt with include metaphysics as a science, the rise of probabilistic modality, freedom of the human will, as well as the role and validity of logical reasoning in speculative theology. The volume will be of interest to scholars who work on medieval and early modern philosophy, theology, and intellectual history.
Book Synopsis Modalities in Medieval Philosophy by : Simo Knuuttila
Download or read book Modalities in Medieval Philosophy written by Simo Knuuttila and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1993, Modalities in Medieval Philosophy looks at the idea of modality as multiplicity of reference with respect to alternative domains. The book examines how this emerged in early medieval discussions and addresses how it was originally influenced by the theological conception of God acting by choice. After a discussion of ancient modal paradigms, the author traces the interplay of old and new modal views in medieval logic and semantics, philosophy and theology. A detailed account is given of late medieval discussions of the new modal logic, epistemic logic, and the logic norms. These theories show striking similarities to some basic tenets of contemporary approaches to modal matters. This work will be of considerable interest to historians of philosophy and ideas and philosophers of logic and metaphysics.
Book Synopsis A Genealogy of Nihilism by : Conor Cunningham
Download or read book A Genealogy of Nihilism written by Conor Cunningham and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nihilism is the logic of unmaking of things. This text re-reads Western history in the light of nihilistic logic, which pervades two millennia of Western thought.
Book Synopsis Modal Syllogistics in the Middle Ages by : Henrik Lagerlund
Download or read book Modal Syllogistics in the Middle Ages written by Henrik Lagerlund and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2000 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the medieval development of Aristotle's theory of the modal syllogistic is studied for the first time. The book shows how this previously ignored part of medieval logic may give new insights into several areas of medieval philosophy.
Download or read book Deontic Modality written by Nate Charlow and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents new work on the much-discussed topic of deontic modality: the meaning and function of language relating to what is allowed, required, or obligatory, in view of moral or legal demands. A team of leading experts in philosophy of language, meta-ethics, and linguistics tackle key issues at the heart of the debate.
