The First Anglo Afghan Wars

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The First Anglo-Afghan Wars

Author : Antoinette Burton
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822376695
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis The First Anglo-Afghan Wars by : Antoinette Burton

Download or read book The First Anglo-Afghan Wars written by Antoinette Burton and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-14 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for classroom use, The First Anglo-Afghan Wars gathers in one volume primary source materials related to the first two wars that Great Britain launched against native leaders of the Afghan region. From 1839 to 1842, and again from 1878 to 1880, Britain fought to expand its empire and prevent Russian expansion into the region's northwest frontier, which was considered the gateway to India, the jewel in Victorian Britain's imperial crown. Spanning from 1817 to 1919, the selections reflect the complex national, international, and anticolonial interests entangled in Central Asia at the time. The documents, each of which is preceded by a brief introduction, bring the nineteenth-century wars alive through the opinions of those who participated in or lived through the conflicts. They portray the struggle for control of the region from the perspectives of women and non-Westerners, as well as well-known figures including Kipling and Churchill. Filled with military and civilian voices, the collection clearly demonstrates the challenges that Central Asia posed to powers attempting to secure and claim the region. It is a cautionary tale, unheeded by Western powers in the post–9/11 era.

The First Afghan War 1839–42

Author : Richard Macrory Hon KC
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472813995
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis The First Afghan War 1839–42 by : Richard Macrory Hon KC

Download or read book The First Afghan War 1839–42 written by Richard Macrory Hon KC and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-25 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1839 forces of the British East India Company crossed the Indus to invade Afghanistan on the pretext of reinstating a former king Shah Soojah to his rightful throne. The reality was that this was another step in Britain's Great Game – Afghanistan would create a buffer to any potential Russian expansion towards India. This history traces the initial, campaign which would see the British easily occupy Kabul and the rebellion that two years later would see the British army humbled. Forced to negotiate a surrender the British fled Kabul en masse in the harsh Afghan winter. Decimated by Afghan guerilla attacks and by the harsh cold and a lack of food and supplies just one European – Dr Brydon would make it to the safety of Jalalabad five days later. This book goes on to trace the retribution attack on Kabul the following year, which destroyed the symbolic Mogul Bazaar before rapidly withdrawing and leaving Afghanistan in peace for nearly a generation.

The Anglo-Afghan Wars 1839–1919

Author : Gregory Fremont-Barnes
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472810082
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis The Anglo-Afghan Wars 1839–1919 by : Gregory Fremont-Barnes

Download or read book The Anglo-Afghan Wars 1839–1919 written by Gregory Fremont-Barnes and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-06 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 19th century Britain entered into three brutal wars with Afghanistan, each one saw the British trying and failing to gain control of a warlike and impenetrable territory. The first two wars (1839–42 and 1878–81) were wars of the Great Game; the British Empire's attempts to combat growing Russian influence near India's borders. The third, fought in 1919, was an Afghan-declared holy war against British India – in which over 100,000 Afghans answered the call, and raised a force that would prove too great for the British Imperial army. Each of the three wars were plagued by military disasters, lengthy sieges and costly engagements for the British, and history has proved the Afghans a formidable foe and their country unconquerable. This book reveals the history of these three Anglo-Afghan wars, the imperial power struggles that led to conflict and the torturous experiences of the men on the ground. The book concludes with a brief overview of the background to today's conflict in Afghanistan, and sketches the historical parallels.

On Afghanistan's Plains

Author : Jules Stewart
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857720031
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (577 download)

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Book Synopsis On Afghanistan's Plains by : Jules Stewart

Download or read book On Afghanistan's Plains written by Jules Stewart and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Britain's military involvement in Afghanistan is a contentious subject, yet it is often forgotten that the current conflict is in fact the fourth in a string of such wars dating back as far as the early nineteenth century. Aiming to protect the British territories in India from the expanding Russian empire, the British fought a series of conflicts on Afghan territory between 1838 and 1919. The Anglo-Afghan wars of the 19th and early 20th centuries were ill-conceived and led to some of the worst military disasters ever sustained by British forces in this part of the world, with poor strategy in the First Afghan War resulting in the annihilation of 16,000 soldiers and civilians in a single week. In his new book, Jules Stewart explores the potential danger of replaying Britain's military catastrophes and considers what can be learnt from revisiting the story of these earlier Afghan wars.

Return of a King

Author : William Dalrymple
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307958299
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Return of a King by : William Dalrymple

Download or read book Return of a King written by William Dalrymple and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From William Dalrymple—award-winning historian, journalist and travel writer—a masterly retelling of what was perhaps the West’s greatest imperial disaster in the East, and an important parable of neocolonial ambition, folly and hubris that has striking relevance to our own time. With access to newly discovered primary sources from archives in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Russia and India—including a series of previously untranslated Afghan epic poems and biographies—the author gives us the most immediate and comprehensive account yet of the spectacular first battle for Afghanistan: the British invasion of the remote kingdom in 1839. Led by lancers in scarlet cloaks and plumed helmets, and facing little resistance, nearly 20,000 British and East India Company troops poured through the mountain passes from India into Afghanistan in order to reestablish Shah Shuja ul-Mulk on the throne, and as their puppet. But after little more than two years, the Afghans rose in answer to the call for jihad and the country exploded into rebellion. This First Anglo-Afghan War ended with an entire army of what was then the most powerful military nation in the world ambushed and destroyed in snowbound mountain passes by simply equipped Afghan tribesmen. Only one British man made it through. But Dalrymple takes us beyond the bare outline of this infamous battle, and with penetrating, balanced insight illuminates the uncanny similarities between the West’s first disastrous entanglement with Afghanistan and the situation today. He delineates the straightforward facts: Shah Shuja and President Hamid Karzai share the same tribal heritage; the Shah’s principal opponents were the Ghilzai tribe, who today make up the bulk of the Taliban’s foot soldiers; the same cities garrisoned by the British are today garrisoned by foreign troops, attacked from the same rings of hills and high passes from which the British faced attack. Dalryrmple also makes clear the byzantine complexity of Afghanistan’s age-old tribal rivalries, the stranglehold they have on the politics of the nation and the ways in which they ensnared both the British in the nineteenth century and NATO forces in the twenty-first. Informed by the author’s decades-long firsthand knowledge of Afghanistan, and superbly shaped by his hallmark gifts as a narrative historian and his singular eye for the evocation of place and culture, The Return of a King is both the definitive analysis of the First Anglo-Afghan War and a work of stunning topicality.

The First Afghan War and Its Causes

Author : Sir Henry Marion Durand
Publisher : London : Longmans, Green
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.R/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The First Afghan War and Its Causes by : Sir Henry Marion Durand

Download or read book The First Afghan War and Its Causes written by Sir Henry Marion Durand and published by London : Longmans, Green. This book was released on 1879 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Afghan Wars 1839-42 and 1878-80

Author : Archibald Forbes
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781535208345
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Afghan Wars 1839-42 and 1878-80 by : Archibald Forbes

Download or read book Afghan Wars 1839-42 and 1878-80 written by Archibald Forbes and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Anglo-Afghan War (also known as Auckland's Folly) was fought between the British East India Company and Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842.[ It is famous for the killing of 4,500 British and Indian soldiers, plus 12,000 of their camp followers, by Afghan tribal fighters, but the British defeated the Afghans in the concluding engagement. It was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Asia between the United Kingdom and the Russian Empire.

The Dark Defile

Author : Diana Preston
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0802779824
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dark Defile by : Diana Preston

Download or read book The Dark Defile written by Diana Preston and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2012-02-14 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of the mid-19th-century war in Afghanistan documents how the British government sought to protect regional interests by attempting to install a puppet ruler only to be defeated by united Afghanistan tribes, in a volume that profiles key contributors and discusses how the war set the stage for subsequent hostilities.

The Afghan Wars, 1839-42 and 1878-80

Author : Archibald Forbes
Publisher : IndyPublish.com
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Afghan Wars, 1839-42 and 1878-80 by : Archibald Forbes

Download or read book The Afghan Wars, 1839-42 and 1878-80 written by Archibald Forbes and published by IndyPublish.com. This book was released on 1892 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.

The First Afghan War and Its Causes

Author : Sir Henry Marion Durand
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The First Afghan War and Its Causes by : Sir Henry Marion Durand

Download or read book The First Afghan War and Its Causes written by Sir Henry Marion Durand and published by . This book was released on 1879 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sir Henry Marion Durand (1812-71) was a British army officer and colonial administrator who took part in the early stages of, and later wrote a history of, the First Afghan War (1838-42). He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Bengal Engineers at age 15 and sailed for India in October 1829. In 1839, he was part of the column of British and Indian soldiers that invaded Afghanistan under Sir John Keane. On July 23, 1839, with a British sergeant and a small number of Indian sappers, Durand blew open the Kabul Gate to the city and fortress of Ghazni and thus played a major role in the capture of the city. Durand subsequently had a falling out with his superiors and left Afghanistan; he thus was not part of the disastrous march to Jalalabad, in which a British column of 4,500 soldiers and 12,000 camp followers was annihilated by Ghilzai warriors in January 1842. Durand went on to serve at other posts in Burma and India and in 1847, while on home leave in England, began writing The First Afghan War and Its Causes. He never finished the work, which his son published in 1879. Durand was critical of many aspects of British policy in Afghanistan.

A Military History of Afghanistan

Author : Ali Ahmad Jalali
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700624074
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis A Military History of Afghanistan by : Ali Ahmad Jalali

Download or read book A Military History of Afghanistan written by Ali Ahmad Jalali and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2017-03-17 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of Afghanistan is largely military history. From the Persians and Greeks of antiquity to the British, Soviet, and American powers in modern times, outsiders have led military conquests into the mountains and plains of Afghanistan, leaving their indelible marks on this ancient land at the juncture of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. In this book Ali Ahmad Jalali, a former interior minister of Afghanistan, taps a deep understanding of his country's distant and recent past to explore Afghanistan's military history during the last two hundred years. With an introductory chapter highlighting the major military developments from early times to the foundation of the modern Afghan state, Jalali's account focuses primarily on the era of British conquest and Anglo-Afghan wars; the Soviet invasion; the civil war and the rise of the Taliban; and the subsequent U.S. invasion. Looking beyond persistent stereotypes and generalizations—e.g., the "graveyard of empires" designation emerging from the Anglo-Afghan wars of the 19th century and the Soviet experience of the 1980s—Jalali offers a nuanced and comprehensive portrayal of the way of war pursued by both state and non-state actors in Afghanistan against different domestic and foreign enemies, under changing social, political, and technological conditions. He reveals how the structure of states, tribes, and social communities in Afghanistan, along with the scope of their controlled space, has shaped their modes of fighting throughout history. In particular, his account shows how dynastic wars and foreign conquests differ in principle, strategy, and method from wars initiated by non-state actors including tribal and community militias against foreign invasions or repressive government. Written by a professional soldier, politician, and noted scholar with a keen analytical grasp of his country's military and political history, this magisterial work offers unique insight into the military history of Afghanistan—and thus, into Afghanistan itself.

The First Afghan War

Author : Mowbray Morris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.V/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The First Afghan War by : Mowbray Morris

Download or read book The First Afghan War written by Mowbray Morris and published by . This book was released on 1878 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a brief account, written for a popular audience, of the First Anglo-Afghan War, published in 1878, the year that marked the start of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-80). The First Anglo-Afghan War began in late 1838 when the British launched an invasion of Afghanistan from India with the aim of overthrowing the Afghan ruler, Amir Dōst Moḥammad Khān, and replacing him with the supposedly pro-British former ruler, Shāh Shujāʻ. The British were at first successful. They installed Shāh Shujāʻ as ruler in Jalalabad and forced Dōst Moḥammad to flee the country. But in 1841 Dōst Moḥammad returned to Afghanistan to lead an uprising against the invaders and Shāh Shujāʻ. In one of the most disastrous defeats in British military history, in January 1842 an Anglo-Indian force of 4,500 men and thousands of followers was annihilated by Afghan tribesmen. The British then sent a larger force from India to exact retribution and to recover hostages, before finally withdrawing in October 1842. The concluding sentence of this book sums up the essential futility of the conflict: "And so the English army left secure on the throne of Afghanistan the dynasty they had spent so many millions of treasure and so many lives to overthrow." The book is by Mowbray Walter Morris (1847-1911), editor of Macmillan's Magazine and the author of works of biography and literary criticism.

Retreat from Kabul

Author : George Bruce
Publisher : Sapere Books
ISBN 13 : 9781800550476
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Retreat from Kabul by : George Bruce

Download or read book Retreat from Kabul written by George Bruce and published by Sapere Books. This book was released on 2021-03-29 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating account of one of the most ludicrously mismanaged expeditions in the history of warfare. Ideal for readers of Shashi Tharoor, Adam Hochschild and William Dalrymple. Afghanistan, 1839. The British East India Company dominated the Indian subcontinent, yet they were not secure in their position. Holding unjustified fears that Russia threatened India's north-western border, the Company decided to make a pre-emptive strike and ensure that this menace would be stopped by a strong pro-British Afghanistan. Thousands of British and Indian troops invaded this mountainous land to intervene in a succession dispute between emir Dost Mahommed Khan and former emir Shah Shuja-ool-Mulk. After capturing Kabul they placed the cruel, but pro-British Shah Shuja upon the throne once again, and supported him with an overwhelming military presence. However, the proud and ruthless warriors of Afghanistan were unwilling to submit themselves to British control and within three years they had risen up against their oppressors in one of the bloodiest revolts in history. George Bruce delves into a vast array of published and unpublished nineteenth century sources to uncover this campaign in which very few British survivors made it back through the snow-laden passes to India. "the worst British military disaster until the fall of Singapore exactly a century later." The Economist The Times described Bruce's books as "well researched, with a keen eye for historical detail." Retreat from Kabul is a brilliant account of the First Anglo-Afghan War. It is part of the series Conflicts of Empire, which also includes Six Battles for India: The Anglo-Sikh Wars, 1845-6 and 1848-9 and The Burma Wars: 1824-1886.

The Kabul Insurrection of 1841-42

Author : Sir Vincent Eyre
Publisher : London : W.H. Allen
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.R/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Kabul Insurrection of 1841-42 by : Sir Vincent Eyre

Download or read book The Kabul Insurrection of 1841-42 written by Sir Vincent Eyre and published by London : W.H. Allen. This book was released on 1879 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kabul Insurrection of 1841-42 by Sir Vincent Eyre (1811-81) is an updated and expanded edition of his The Military Operations at Cabul, originally published in 1843. Eyre was an officer in the Indian army who served as commissary of ordnance in the Kabul Field Force that marched into Afghanistan in the fall of 1839. He arrived in Kabul in April 1840, bringing with him a large quantity of ordnance stores. In November 1841 he was caught up in the uprising in Kabul by the Afghans against the Anglo-Indian force in which Sir Alexander Burnes was killed. The occupiers were besieged in their cantonments and Eyre was severely wounded. Under a treaty with the Afghan government, in early 1842 the Anglo-Indian force was given safe passage to evacuate the country. Accompanied by his wife and child, Eyre joined the column heading eastward but, along with the other British soldiers and civilians, he was taken hostage by the amir, Akbar Khan (1816-45, ruled 1842-45). The British hostages spent nearly nine months in captivity and suffered many privations, including severe cold and the effects of an earthquake and its aftershocks. In August 1842 the captives were marched north towards Bamyan in the Hindu Kush under the threat of being sold as slaves to the Uzbeks. They finally were released on September 20, after one of the prisoners, Major Pottinger, succeeded in buying off the Afghan commander of their escort. Prior to his release, Eyre had managed to smuggle the manuscript of his journal in parts to a friend in India, who sent it to England where, with the help of Eyre's relatives, it was published the following year as The Military Operations at Cabul, as were his Prison Sketches, Comprising Portraits of the Cabul Prisoners, and Other Subjects. Eyre went on to have a distinguished army career, and retired with the rank of major general in October 1863. With the onset of the Second Anglo-Afghan War in late 1878, Eyre decided to reissue his journal from the earlier war. Published in 1879, The Kabul Insurrection of 1841-42 contains a new author's preface and two new preliminary chapters, the first a brief account of Afghanistan and its inhabitants, the second a retrospective, from the vantage point of the late 1870s, on the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-42). The contents of the older book are then reproduced, with the journal beginning at chapter four. The Kabul Insurrection of 1841-42 includes a fold-out map by Eyre of the Kabul cantonment and surrounding country that appeared in the older book, a sketch map of Afghanistan, and three appendices with the texts of documents relating to the 1841 uprising in Kabul.

The First Afghan War 1838-1842

Author : J. A. Norris
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521058384
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis The First Afghan War 1838-1842 by : J. A. Norris

Download or read book The First Afghan War 1838-1842 written by J. A. Norris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1967-10-02 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A examination of the unresolved problems of the first Afghan war.

History of the War in Afghanistan

Author : Sir John William Kaye
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis History of the War in Afghanistan by : Sir John William Kaye

Download or read book History of the War in Afghanistan written by Sir John William Kaye and published by . This book was released on 1851 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Anglo-Afghan War began in early 1839 when the British undertook an invasion of Afghanistan from India with the aim of overthrowing the Afghan ruler, Amir Dost Mohammad Khan, and replacing him with the supposedly pro-British former ruler, Shah Shujaʻ. The British were at first successful. They installed Shah Shujaʻ as ruler in Jalalabad and forced Dost Mohammad to flee the country. But in 1841 Dost Mohammad returned to Afghanistan to lead an uprising against the invaders and Shah Shujaʻ. In one of the most disastrous defeats in British military history, in January 1842 an Anglo-Indian force of 4,500 men and thousands of followers was routed by Afghan tribesmen. The British then sent a larger force from India to exact retribution and to recover hostages, before finally withdrawing in October 1842. History of the War in Afghanistan is a two-volume study of the war, based on unpublished letters and journals by British political and military officers who served in the conflict. The author, Sir John William Kaye (1814-76), was a onetime officer in the army of the East India Company who resigned in 1841 to devote himself full time to the writing of military history. The book begins with a detailed analysis of the events of 1800-1837 that led up to the war and of the "Great Game of Central Asia"--the rivalry between Russia and Britain for influence in the region that spurred British intervention in Afghanistan. This is followed by detailed accounts of the major battles and military campaigns. Kaye joins other authors in concluding that the war was a disaster for Britain: "No failure so total and overwhelming as this is recorded in the page of history. No lesson so grand and impressive is to be found in all the annals of the world." Kaye also wrote a novel based on the war, Long Engagements: a Tale of the Affghan Rebellion (1846), and several other major historical works, including The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir John Malcolm (1856) and the three-volume The History of the Sepoy War in India, 1857-8, published in 1864-76.

Recollections of the Kabul Campaign

Author : Joshua Duke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Recollections of the Kabul Campaign by : Joshua Duke

Download or read book Recollections of the Kabul Campaign written by Joshua Duke and published by . This book was released on 1883 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recollections of the Kabul Campaign, 1879 & 1880 is a firsthand account of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-80). The author, Joshua Duke, was a British officer in the Bengal Medical Service, attached to "our native army in India." The war began in November 1878 when Great Britain, fearful of what it saw as growing Russian influence in Afghanistan, invaded the country from British India. The first phase of the conflict ended in May 1879 with the Treaty of Gandamak, which permitted the Afghans to maintain internal sovereignty but forced them to cede control over their foreign policy to the British. Fighting resumed in September 1879 after an anti-British uprising in Kabul that resulted in the death of Sir Louis Cavagnari, the British resident in Kabul and a negotiator of the Treaty of Gandamak, and of nearly all the British soldiers at the residency. The Kabul Field Force, commanded by General Sir Frederick Roberts and composed of British and Indian army regiments, was sent to Kabul to restore order and take revenge. Recollections of the Kabul Campaign offers a vivid eye-witness account of the main incidents of the war, including the bloody siege of the Sherpur Cantonment of December 1879, in which Afghan forces mounted a nearly successful attack on the Anglo-Indian forces, the relief march from Kabul to Kandahar in August 1880, and the climactic Battle of Kandahar in September 1880 that ended the war. In addition to his account of the military operations, Duke provides insights from his perspective as a medical officer, for example, on the treatment of wounds by traditional methods by the Afghan forces. The book is illustrated with a frontispiece photograph of Roberts and maps and drawings of important battles and fortresses. The appendix contains a summary explanation of the causes of both Anglo-Afghan wars, the full text of the Treaty of Gandamak, and copies of correspondence between Russian and Afghan authorities that were found by the British when they occupied Kabul.