The Far Right In Contemporary Australia

Download The Far Right In Contemporary Australia full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Far Right In Contemporary Australia ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia

Author : Mario Peucker
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811383510
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia by : Mario Peucker

Download or read book The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia written by Mario Peucker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to elaborate on radical and extreme right movements in contemporary Australia. It brings together leading scholars to present cutting edge research on various facets and manifestations of Australia’s diverse far-right, which has gained unprecedented public presence and visibility since the mid-2010s. The thematic breadth of the chapters in this volume reflects the complexity of the far-right in Australia, ranging from the attitudes of far-right populist party voters and the role of far-right groups in anti-mosque protests, to online messaging and rhetoric of radical and extreme right-wing movements. The contributions are theoretically grounded and come from a range of disciplines, including media and cultural studies, sociology, politics, and urban studies, exploring issue of far-right activism on the micro and macro level, with both qualitative and quantitative research methods.

Contemporary Far-Right Thinkers and the Future of Liberal Democracy

Author : A. James McAdams
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000431967
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Contemporary Far-Right Thinkers and the Future of Liberal Democracy by : A. James McAdams

Download or read book Contemporary Far-Right Thinkers and the Future of Liberal Democracy written by A. James McAdams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first systematic analysis of the efforts of a broad range of contemporary far-right thinkers to popularize their critiques of liberal-democratic norms and institutions and make their ideas the subjects of sustained political and academic debate. The book focuses on outspoken thinkers in western and eastern Europe, Russia, the United States, Canada, and Australia. They include Alain de Benoist, Guillaume Faye, Götz Kubitschek, Pat Buchanan, Fróði Midjord, Jason Jorjani, contributors to the online magazine Quillette, and the elusive personality known as the Bronze Age Pervert. The book explores the diverse intellectual foundations of these thinkers’ positions, the similarities and differences in their ideas, and their prospects for influencing attitudes about democratic politics within their respective countries. It examines diverse movements and schools of thought, including the European New Right, Paleoconservatism, the Alt-right, Identitarianism, White nationalism, and antifeminism. Providing a much-needed global perspective, this book will be of considerable interest to students and scholars of populism, right-wing extremism, identity politics, fascism, racism, and conservatism.

The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia

Author : Dr Aurélien Mondon
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1472405269
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (724 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia by : Dr Aurélien Mondon

Download or read book The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia written by Dr Aurélien Mondon and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-04-28 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What has led to the recent revival of the extreme right in Western democracies such as France and Australia, and what impact has their success had on mainstream politics? What shift has taken place in recent times as ideas and groups that once were considered marginal and undemocratic have come to play an important part in mainstream politics? This book addresses these key questions by examining the resurgence of the extreme right in France and Australia and explores the history of right-wing groups and their relationship with and impact on mainstream politics. This compelling study on the rise of right-wing parties in two countries with different histories but similar experiences of how mainstream parties campaigned and reacted to the changing political landscape presents a fascinating comparison of the history and political impact of ethno-exclusivist and right-wing populist politics in liberal democracies. A detailed and thorough comparative analysis of parties such as the Front National and One Nation, and the mainstreaming of their discourse by prominent leaders like John Howard and Nicolas Sarkozy, offers new insights on the rise of the contemporary extreme right and how these groups and the ideas they represent have become increasingly mainstream, and perhaps even hegemonic in the current political state.

Rise of the Far Right

Author : Melody Devries
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1786614936
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Rise of the Far Right by : Melody Devries

Download or read book Rise of the Far Right written by Melody Devries and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades on the social and political margins, far-right groups and movements are enjoying increasing success, and even claiming a place in mainstream electoral politics in many Western political systems. Research shows that new media like Twitter, YouTube, and community sites likes 4chan and Reddit are increasingly involved with the mobilization of popular support for far-right electoral campaigns, and even organized political violence. These technologies – including other social media, discussion websites, certain online games, chat servers, talk radio, cable news, and print media – are making contemporary far-right ideologies possible in diverse ways, altering methods of recruitment to the extent that they become unrecognizable from far-right movements of the past, and thus, more dangerous. The results of these new technological processes can be seen in the increasing normalization of far-right values within mainstream culture, politics, and media ecosystems within countries from the United States, Britain, Australia, Germany, and Hungary. This book brings together recent academic research exploring how far-right groups use new media to recruit followers to extremist beliefs and mobilize political action. In doing so, the book reveals the complex ways that evolving technologies are used both purposively, subtly, and in some cases incidentally, to recruit and mobilize far-right support.

The Far Right Today

Author : Cas Mudde
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 150953685X
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Far Right Today by : Cas Mudde

Download or read book The Far Right Today written by Cas Mudde and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The far right is back with a vengeance. After several decades at the political margins, far-right politics has again taken center stage. Three of the world’s largest democracies – Brazil, India, and the United States – now have a radical right leader, while far-right parties continue to increase their profile and support within Europe. In this timely book, leading global expert on political extremism Cas Mudde provides a concise overview of the fourth wave of postwar far-right politics, exploring its history, ideology, organization, causes, and consequences, as well as the responses available to civil society, party, and state actors to challenge its ideas and influence. What defines this current far-right renaissance, Mudde argues, is its mainstreaming and normalization within the contemporary political landscape. Challenging orthodox thinking on the relationship between conventional and far-right politics, Mudde offers a complex and insightful picture of one of the key political challenges of our time.

Global Heating and the Australian Far Right

Author : Imogen Richards
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003805272
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Global Heating and the Australian Far Right by : Imogen Richards

Download or read book Global Heating and the Australian Far Right written by Imogen Richards and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Heating and the Australian Far Right examines the environmental politics of far-right actors and movements in Australia, exploring their broader political context and responses to climate change. The book traces the development of far-right pseudo-environmentalism and territorial politics, from colonial genocide and Australian nationalism to extreme-right political violence. Through a critical analysis of news and social media, it reveals how denialist and resignatory attitudes towards climate change operate alongside extreme right accelerationism, in a wider Australian political context characterised by reactionary fossil fuel politics and neoliberal New Right climate change agendas. The authors scrutinise the manipulation of environmental politics by contemporary Australian far- and extreme-right actors in cross-national online media. They also assess the political-ideological context of the contemporary far right, addressing intergovernmental approaches to security threats connected to the far right and climate change, and the emergence of radical environmentalist traditions in ‘New Catastrophism’ literature. The conclusion synthesises key insights, analysing the mainstreaming of ethnonationalist and authoritarian responses to global heating, and potential future trajectories of far-right movements exploiting the climate crisis. It also emphasises the necessity for radical political alternatives to counter the far right’s exploitation of climate change. This book will be of interest to researchers of climate change, the far right, neoliberal capitalism, extremism and Australian politics.

Young People and the Far Right

Author : Pam Nilan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811618119
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Young People and the Far Right by : Pam Nilan

Download or read book Young People and the Far Right written by Pam Nilan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at how young people get attracted to the Far Right, especially young white men. We may never know why a young individual ends up there, yet two things are obvious. First, Far Right propaganda appeals to the fantasy imagination and to the emotions. Second, supporting the Far Right is a decision often made by digitally-networked 15-25 year olds looking for answers and wanting to express their anger. However, many later become aware of a yawning gulf between the ideal future they envisioned, and what happens in the here and now. Accounts of the Far Right often focus on terrorist events, plots or extreme acts of violence. However, the emphasis here is on rather ordinary young people and how they get involved in a social movement that promises adventure and belonging. The aim is to better understand how their hate practices are framed and channeled by the persuasive discourse of the Far Right.

The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia

Author : Aurélien Mondon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317024990
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia by : Aurélien Mondon

Download or read book The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia written by Aurélien Mondon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What has led to the recent revival of the extreme right in Western democracies such as France and Australia, and what impact has their success had on mainstream politics? What shift has taken place in recent times as ideas and groups that once were considered marginal and undemocratic have come to play an important part in mainstream politics? This book addresses these key questions by examining the resurgence of the extreme right in France and Australia and explores the history of right-wing groups and their relationship with and impact on mainstream politics. This compelling study on the rise of right-wing parties in two countries with different histories but similar experiences of how mainstream parties campaigned and reacted to the changing political landscape presents a fascinating comparison of the history and political impact of ethno-exclusivist and right-wing populist politics in liberal democracies. A detailed and thorough comparative analysis of parties such as the Front National and One Nation, and the mainstreaming of their discourse by prominent leaders like John Howard and Nicolas Sarkozy, offers new insights on the rise of the contemporary extreme right and how these groups and the ideas they represent have become increasingly mainstream, and perhaps even hegemonic in the current political state.

The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right

Author : Jens Rydgren
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190274557
Total Pages : 761 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right by : Jens Rydgren

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right written by Jens Rydgren and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radical right : an introduction / Jens Rydgren -- Ideology and discourse -- The radical right and nationalism / Tamir Bar-On -- The radical right and islamophobia / Aristotle Kallis -- The radical right and anti-semitism / Ruth Wodak -- The radical right and populism / Hans-Georg Betz -- The radical right and fascism / Nigel Copsey -- The radical right and euroscepticism / Sofia Vasilopoulou -- Issues -- Explaining electoral support for the radical right / Kai Arzheimer -- Party systems and radical right-wing parties / Herbert Kitschelt -- The radical right and gender / Hilde Coffé -- Globalization, cleavages, and the radical right / Simon Bornschier -- Party organization and the radical right / David Art -- Charisma and the radical right / Roger Eatwell -- Media and the radical right / Antonis A. Ellinas -- The non-party sector of the radical right / John Veugelers and Gabriel Menard -- The political impact of the radical right / Michelle Hale Williams -- The radical right as social movement organizations / Manuela Caiani and Donatella Della Porta -- Youth and the radical right / Cynthia Miller Idriss -- Religion and the radical right / Michael Minkenberg -- Cross-national links and international cooperation / Manuela Caiani -- Political violence and the radical right / Leonard Weinberg and Eliot Assoudeh -- Case studies -- The radical right in France / Nonna Mayer -- The radical right in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland / Uwe Backes -- The radical right in Belgium and the Netherlands / Joop J.M. van Holsteyn -- The radical right in Southern Europe / Carlo Ruzza -- The radical right in the UK / Matthew J. Goodwin and James Dennison -- The radical right in the Nordic countries / Anders Widfeldt -- The radical right in Eastern Europe / Lenka Butíková -- The radical right in post-soviet Russia / Richard Arnold and Andreas Umland -- The radical right in post-soviet Ukraine / Melanie Mierzejewski-Voznyak -- The radical right in the United States of America / Christopher Sebastian Parker -- The radical right in Australia / Andy Fleming and Aurelien Mondon -- The radical right in Israel / Arie Perliger and Ami Pedhazur -- The radical right in Japan / Naoto Higuchi

American Zealots

Author : Arie Perliger
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231552092
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis American Zealots by : Arie Perliger

Download or read book American Zealots written by Arie Perliger and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an unsettling time in American history, the outbreak of right-wing violence is among the most disturbing developments. In recent years, attacks originating from the far right of American politics have targeted religious and ethnic minorities, with a series of antigovernment militants, religious extremists, and lone-wolf mass shooters inspired by right-wing ideologies. The need to understand the nature and danger of far-right violence is greater than ever. In American Zealots, Arie Perliger provides a wide-ranging and rigorously researched overview of right-wing domestic terrorism. He analyzes its historical roots, characteristics, tactics, rhetoric, and organization, assessing the current and future trajectory of the use of violence by the far right. Perliger draws on a comprehensive dataset of more than 5,000 attacks and their perpetrators from 1990 through 2017 in order to explore key trends in American right-wing terrorism. He describes the entire ideological spectrum of the American far right, including today’s white supremacists, antigovernment groups, and antiabortion fundamentalists, as well as the histories of the KKK, skinheads, and neo-Nazis. Based on these findings, Perliger suggests counterterrorism policies that can respond effectively to the far-right threat. A groundbreaking examination of violence spawned from right-wing ideologies, American Zealots is essential reading for everyone seeking to understand the transformation of domestic terrorism.

Reactionary Democracy

Author : Aurelien Mondon
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1788734246
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (887 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Reactionary Democracy by : Aurelien Mondon

Download or read book Reactionary Democracy written by Aurelien Mondon and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Democracy is not necessarily progressive, and will only be if we make it so. What Mondon and Winter call 'reactionary democracy' is the use of the concept of democracy and its associated understanding of the power to the people (demos cratos) for reactionary ends. The resurgence of racism, populism and the far right is not the result of popular demands as we are often told. It is rather the logical conclusion of the more or less conscious manipulation by the elite of the concept of 'the people' and the working class to push reactionary ideas. These narratives place racism as a popular demand, rather than as something encouraged and perpetuated by elites, thus exonerating those with the means to influence and control public discourse through the media in particular. This in turn has legitimised the far right, strengthened its hand and compounded inequalities. These actions diverts us away from real concerns and radical alternatives to the current system. Through a careful and thorough deconstruction of the hegemonic discourse currently preventing us from thinking beyond the liberal vs populist dichotomy, this book develops a better understanding of the systemic forces underpinning our current model and its exploitative and discriminatory basis. The book shows us that the far right would not have been able to achieve such success, either electorally or ideologically, were it not for the help of elite actors (the media, politicians and academics). While the far right is a real threat and should not be left off the hook, the authors argue that we need to shift the responsibility of the situation towards those who too often claim to be objective, and even powerless, bystanders despite their powerful standpoint and clear capacity to influence the agenda, public discourse, and narratives, particularly when they platform and legitimise racist and far right ideas and actors.

Far-Right Political Parties in Australia

Author : Jordan McSwiney
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003848923
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Far-Right Political Parties in Australia by : Jordan McSwiney

Download or read book Far-Right Political Parties in Australia written by Jordan McSwiney and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-02-13 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how Australian far-right parties organise and operate to better understand their limited electoral success. Australian far-right parties have yet to see results comparable to far-right parties in other contexts. Unlike many of their European counterparts that have made significant electoral gains up to and including participation in national governments, the Australian far-right parties of the ‘fourth wave’ have experienced relatively poor electoral results. But this does not necessarily mean that Australia is uniquely hostile to far-right politics. Focusing particularly on the 2019 Australian federal election, this book takes an organisational approach to better understand why Australian far-right parties struggle electorally. Through the novel lens of disorganised parties, the author argues that the failure to develop a functioning party organisation has resulted in Australian far-right parties being unable to effectively navigate their political environment. By focusing on disorganisation, this book provides a new perspective for understanding the limited electoral impact of the far right in Australia today, despite favourable conditions like normalised Islamophobia and growing dissatisfaction with mainstream parties. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of party politics, the far right, populism, and Australian politics.

The Extreme Right in France

Author : James Shields
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134861117
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Extreme Right in France by : James Shields

Download or read book The Extreme Right in France written by James Shields and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As well as providing a detailed biography of Le Pen, the leader of the National Front in France, this book also explores the wider development of the extreme right as a significant intellectual and political force within France.

The Far Right and the Environment

Author : Bernhard Forchtner
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351104020
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Far Right and the Environment by : Bernhard Forchtner

Download or read book The Far Right and the Environment written by Bernhard Forchtner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the beginning of the twenty-first century, both the crisis of liberal democracy, as visible in, for example, the rise of far-right actors in Europe and the United States, and environmental crises, from declining biodiversity to climate change, are increasingly in the public spotlight. Whilst both areas have been analysed extensively on their own, The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication provides much needed insights into their intersection by illuminating the environmental communication of far-right party and non-party actors in Europe and the United States. Although commonly perceived as a ‘left-wing’ issue today, concerns over the natural environment by the far right have a long, ideology-driven history. Thus, it is not surprising that some members of the far right offer distinctive ecological visions of communal life, though, for example, climate-change scepticism is voiced too. Investigating this range of stances within their discourse about the natural environment provides a window into the wider politics of the far right and points to a close connection between the politics of identity and the imagination of nature. Connecting the fields of environmental communication and study of the far right, contributions to this edited volume therefore offer timely assessments of this often-overlooked dimension of far-right politics.

Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe

Author : Tjitske Akkerman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317419782
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe by : Tjitske Akkerman

Download or read book Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe written by Tjitske Akkerman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-18 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radical right-wing populist parties, such as Geert Wilders’ Party for Freedom, Marine Le Pen’s National Front or Nigel Farage’s UKIP, are becoming increasingly influential in Western European democracies. Their electoral support is growing, their impact on policy-making is substantial, and in recent years several radical right-wing populist parties have assumed office or supported minority governments. Are these developments the cause and/or consequence of the mainstreaming of radical right-wing populist parties? Have radical right-wing populist parties expanded their issue profiles, moderated their policy positions, toned down their anti-establishment rhetoric and shed their extreme right reputations to attract more voters and/or become coalition partners? This timely book answers these questions on the basis of both comparative research and a wide range of case studies, covering Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Analysing the extent to which radical right-wing populist parties have become part of mainstream politics, as well as the factors and conditions which facilitate this trend, this book is essential reading for students and scholars working in European politics, in addition to anyone interested in party politics and current affairs more generally.

The Dark Side of European Integration

Author : Alina Polyakova
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 3838208161
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (382 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Dark Side of European Integration by : Alina Polyakova

Download or read book The Dark Side of European Integration written by Alina Polyakova and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-08-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across Europe, radical right-wing parties are winning increasing electoral support. The Dark Side of European Integration argues that this rising nationalism and the mobilization of the radical right are the consequences of European economic integration. The European economic project has produced a cultural backlash in the form of nationalist radical right ideologies. This assessment relies on a detailed analysis of the electoral rise of radical right parties in Western and Eastern Europe. Contrary to popular belief, economic performance and immigration rates are not the only factors that determine the far right's success. There are other political and social factors that explain why in post-socialist Eastern European countries such parties had historically been weaker than their potential, which they have now started to fulfill increasingly. Using in-depth interviews with radical right activists in Ukraine, Alina Polyakova also explores how radical right mobilization works on the ground through social networks, allowing new insights into how social movements and political parties interact.

The Hungarian Far Right

Author : Péter Krekó
Publisher : Ibidem Press
ISBN 13 : 9783838210742
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Hungarian Far Right by : Péter Krekó

Download or read book The Hungarian Far Right written by Péter Krekó and published by Ibidem Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book examines far-right politics in Hungary--but its relevance points much beyond Hungary. With its two main players, the radical right Jobbik and populist right Fidesz, it is an essentially Eastern European, European, and global phenomenon. Jobbik and Fidesz, political parties with a populist, nativist, authoritarian approach, Eastern and pro-Russian orientation, and strong anti-Western stance, are on the one hand products of the problematic transformation period that is typical for post-communist countries. But they are products of a "populist Zeitgeist" in the West as well, with declining trust in representative democratic and supranational institutions, politicians, experts, and the mainstream media. The rise of politicians such as Nigel Farage in the UK, Marine Le Pen in France, Norbert Hofer and Heinz-Christian Strache in Austria, and, Donald Trump in the US are clear indications of this trend.