The Examination Culture In Imperial China

Download The Examination Culture In Imperial China full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Examination Culture In Imperial China ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Examination Culture in Imperial China

Author : Haifeng Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781844644827
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (448 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Examination Culture in Imperial China by : Haifeng Liu

Download or read book The Examination Culture in Imperial China written by Haifeng Liu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the Chinese imperial examination from a variety of perspectives. The imperial examination was the literary civil service exam in ancient China, yet it embodied properties of educational exams. The first section of this book opens with the centurial anniversary of the abolition of the examination system, where the injustice done to the imperial examination system is discussed. The second section discusses the inception of the imperial examination, concentrating on the research of the start of the imperial examination in Sui and Tang dynasty. The achievements and defects of the imperial examination system constitute the third part of the book. The fourth section looks into the influence of the imperial examination culture. It discusses the influence of the imperial examination system on Chinese culture, the remnants of the system in modern China, with a focus on the system's spread to western and eastern countries. In addition, theories on the formation of the east Asian imperial examination cultural circle, and the system's spread to western countries, are discussed. This book is an authoritative, thorough, and comprehensive study of the Chinese imperial examination system. It will be required reading for those who wish to understand Chinese culture, especially ancient China's education and examination system. [Subject: Chinese Studies, Sociology, Education]

A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China

Author : Benjamin A. Elman
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520921474
Total Pages : 900 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (214 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China by : Benjamin A. Elman

Download or read book A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China written by Benjamin A. Elman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2000-03-22 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this multidimensional analysis, Benjamin A. Elman uses over a thousand newly available examination records from the Yuan, Ming, and Ch'ing dynasties, 1315-1904, to explore the social, political, and cultural dimensions of the civil examination system, one of the most important institutions in Chinese history. For over five hundred years, the most important positions within the dynastic government were usually filled through these difficult examinations, and every other year some one to two million people from all levels of society attempted them. Covering the late imperial system from its inception to its demise, Elman revises our previous understanding of how the system actually worked, including its political and cultural machinery, the unforeseen consequences when it was unceremoniously scrapped by modernist reformers, and its long-term historical legacy. He argues that the Ming-Ch'ing civil examinations from 1370 to 1904 represented a substantial break with T'ang-Sung dynasty literary examinations from 650 to 1250. Late imperial examinations also made "Tao Learning," Neo-Confucian learning, the dynastic orthodoxy in official life and in literati culture. The intersections between elite social life, popular culture, and religion that are also considered reveal the full scope of the examination process throughout the late empire.

China's Examination Hell

Author : Ichisada Miyazaki
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300026399
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis China's Examination Hell by : Ichisada Miyazaki

Download or read book China's Examination Hell written by Ichisada Miyazaki and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the foremost historians of Chinese institutions, this book focuses on China's civil service examination system in its final and most elaborate phase during the Ch'ing dynasty. All aspects of this labyrinthine system are explored: the types of questions, the style and form in which they were to be answered, the problem of cheating, and the psychological and financial burdens of the candidates, the rewards of the successful and the plight of those who failed. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including Chinese novels, short stories, and plays, this thought provoking and entertaining book brings to vivid life the testing structure that supplied China's government bureaucracy for almost fourteen hundred years. "Professor Miyazaki's informative work is concerned with a system. . . that was, in effect, . . . the basic institution of Chinese political life, the real pillar which supported the imperial monarchy, the effective vehicle for the aspirations and ambitions of the ruling class. Imperial China without the examination system for the past thousand years and more would have developed in an entirely different way and might not have endured as the continuing form of government over a huge empire."--Pacific Affairs "The most comprehensive narrative treatment in any language of [this] enduring achievement of Chinese civilization."--American Historical Review

Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China

Author : Cynthia J. Brokaw
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520927796
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China by : Cynthia J. Brokaw

Download or read book Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China written by Cynthia J. Brokaw and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2005-03-07 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the importance of books and the written word in Chinese society, the history of the book in China is a topic that has been little explored. This pioneering volume of essays, written by historians, art historians, and literary scholars, introduces the major issues in the social and cultural history of the book in late imperial China. Informed by many insights from the rich literature on the history of the Western book, these essays investigate the relationship between the manuscript and print culture; the emergence of urban and rural publishing centers; the expanding audience for books; the development of niche markets and specialized publishing of fiction, drama, non-Han texts, and genealogies; and more.

A Social History of the Chinese Book

Author : Joseph P. McDermott
Publisher : Hong Kong University Press
ISBN 13 : 9622097812
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Social History of the Chinese Book by : Joseph P. McDermott

Download or read book A Social History of the Chinese Book written by Joseph P. McDermott and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this learned, yet readable, book, Joseph McDermott introduces the history of the book in China in the late imperial period from 1000 to 1800. He assumes little knowledge of Chinese history or culture and compares the Chinese experience with books with that of other civilizations, particularly the European. Yet he deals with a wide range of issues in the history of the book in China and presents novel analyses of the changes in Chinese woodblock bookmaking over these centuries. He presents a new view of when the printed book replaced the manuscript and what drove that substitution. He explores the distribution and marketing structure of books, and writes fascinatingly on the history of book collecting and about access to private and government book collections. In drawing on a great deal of Chinese, Japanese, and Western research this book provides a broad account of the way Chinese books were printed, distributed, and consumed by literati and scholars, mainly in the lower Yangzi delta, the cultural center of China during these centuries. It introduces interesting personalities, ranging from wily book collectors to an indigent shoe-repairman collector. And, it discusses the obstacles to the formation of a truly national printed culture for both the well-educated and the struggling reader in recent times. This broad and comprehensive account of the development of printed Chinese culture from 1000 to 1800 is written for anyone interested in the history of the book. It also offers important new insights into book culture and its place in society for the student of Chinese history and culture. 'A brilliant piece of synthetic research as well as a delightful read, it offers a history of the Chinese book to the eighteenth century that is without equal.' - Timothy Brook, University of British Columbia 'Writers, scribes, engravers, printers, binders, publishers, distributors, dealers, literati, scholars, librarians, collectors, voracious readers — the full gamut of a vibrant book culture in China over one thousand years — are examined with eloquence and perception by Joseph McDermott in The Social History of the Book. His lively exploration will be of consuming interest to bibliophiles of every persuasion.' - Nicholas A. Basbanes, author of A Gentle Madness, Patience and Fortitude, A Splendor of Letters, and Every Book Its Reader Joseph McDermott is presently Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer in Chinese at Cambridge University. He has published widely on Chinese social and economic history, most recently on the economy of the Song (or, Sung) dynasty for the Cambridge History of China. He has edited State and Court Ritual in China and Art and Power in East Asia.

The Rise and Fall of Imperial China

Author : Yuhua Wang
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691237514
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of Imperial China by : Yuhua Wang

Download or read book The Rise and Fall of Imperial China written by Yuhua Wang and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How social networks shaped the imperial Chinese state China was the world’s leading superpower for almost two millennia, falling behind only in the last two centuries and now rising to dominance again. What factors led to imperial China’s decline? The Rise and Fall of Imperial China offers a systematic look at the Chinese state from the seventh century through to the twentieth. Focusing on how short-lived emperors often ruled a strong state while long-lasting emperors governed a weak one, Yuhua Wang shows why lessons from China’s history can help us better understand state building. Wang argues that Chinese rulers faced a fundamental trade-off that he calls the sovereign’s dilemma: a coherent elite that could collectively strengthen the state could also overthrow the ruler. This dilemma emerged because strengthening state capacity and keeping rulers in power for longer required different social networks in which central elites were embedded. Wang examines how these social networks shaped the Chinese state, and vice versa, and he looks at how the ruler’s pursuit of power by fragmenting the elites became the final culprit for China’s fall. Drawing on more than a thousand years of Chinese history, The Rise and Fall of Imperial China highlights the role of elite social relations in influencing the trajectories of state development.

Medicine and Society in Late Imperial China

Author : Yüan-ling Chao
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9781433103810
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Medicine and Society in Late Imperial China by : Yüan-ling Chao

Download or read book Medicine and Society in Late Imperial China written by Yüan-ling Chao and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicine and Society in Late Imperial China explores the vibrant medical landscape in late imperial China (1600-1850), focusing on one of the most cultured and elegant cities in the lower Yangzi region, Suzhou. The central theme of the book is that the economic prosperity and intellectual vibrancy of late imperial Jiangnan fostered the emergence of a community of physicians who engaged in lively debates concerning qualifications and practice, leading to a growing sense of identity and new ways of theorizing and practicing medicine. It shows that the classical medical tradition interacted in a fluid relationship with both the state and the folk traditions. Medicine and Society in Late Imperial China is divided into two parts. Part I provides a broad framework on the discourse on the ideal physician, as well as examining the sanhuang miao (Temple of the Three Emperors) and challenges to existing medical theories by the wenbing (warm factor) school. Part II focuses on Suzhou physicians and their writings within the broad medical tradition, illustrates a local perspective of medicine's relationship with the state through an examination of the outbreak of epidemics in Suzhou, and discusses the development of the fields of specialties in medicine.

The Culture of Sex in Ancient China

Author : Paul R. Goldin
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824864654
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Culture of Sex in Ancient China by : Paul R. Goldin

Download or read book The Culture of Sex in Ancient China written by Paul R. Goldin and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2001-10-31 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of sex was central to early Chinese thought. Discussed openly and seriously as a fundamental topic of human speculation, it was an important source of imagery and terminology that informed the classical Chinese conception of social and political relationships. This sophisticated and long-standing tradition, however, has been all but neglected by modern historians. In The Culture of Sex in Ancient China, Paul Rakita Goldin addresses central issues in the history of Chinese attitudes toward sex and gender from 500 B.C. to A.D. 400. A survey of major pre-imperial sources, including some of the most revered and influential texts in the Chinese tradition, reveals the use of the image of copulation as a metaphor for various human relations, such as those between a worshiper and his or her deity or a ruler and his subjects. In his examination of early Confucian views of women, Goldin notes that, while contradictions and ambiguities existed in the articulation of these views, women were nevertheless regarded as full participants in the Confucian project of self-transformation. He goes on to show how assumptions concerning the relationship of sexual behavior to political activity (assumptions reinforced by the habitual use of various literary tropes discussed earlier in the book) led to increasing attempts to regulate sexual behavior throughout the Han dynasty. Following the fall of the Han, this ideology was rejected by the aristocracy, who continually resisted claims of sovereignty made by impotent emperors in a succession of short-lived dynasties. Erudite and immensely entertaining, this study of intellectual conceptions of sex and sexuality in China will be welcomed by students and scholars of early China and by those with an interest in the comparative development of ancient cultures.

Literate Community in Early Imperial China

Author : Charles Sanft
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438475144
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Literate Community in Early Imperial China by : Charles Sanft

Download or read book Literate Community in Early Imperial China written by Charles Sanft and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the role of meditation on the five elements in the practice of Yoga. This book examines ancient written materials from China’s northwestern border regions to offer fresh insights into the role of text in shaping society and culture during the Han period (206/2 BCE–220 CE). Left behind by military installations, these documents—wooden strips and other nontraditional textual materials such as silk—recorded the lives and activities of military personnel and the people around them. Charles Sanft explores their functions and uses by looking at a fascinating array of material, including posted texts on signaling across distances, practical texts on brewing beer and evaluating swords, and letters exchanged by officials working in low rungs of the bureaucracy. By focusing on all members of the community, he argues that a much broader section of early society had meaningful interactions with text than previously believed. This major shift in interpretation challenges long-standing assumptions about the limited range of influence that text and literacy had on culture and society and makes important contributions to early China studies, the study of literacy, and to the global history of non-elites. Charles Sanft is Associate Professor in the Department of History at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He is the author of Communication and Cooperation in Early Imperial China: Publicizing the Qin Dynasty, also published by SUNY Press.

The Everlasting Empire

Author : Yuri Pines
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691134952
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Everlasting Empire by : Yuri Pines

Download or read book The Everlasting Empire written by Yuri Pines and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-27 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Established in 221 BCE, the Chinese empire lasted for 2,132 years before being replaced by the Republic of China in 1912. During its two millennia, the empire endured internal wars, foreign incursions, alien occupations, and devastating rebellions--yet fundamental institutional, sociopolitical, and cultural features of the empire remained intact. The Everlasting Empire traces the roots of the Chinese empire's exceptional longevity and unparalleled political durability, and shows how lessons from the imperial past are relevant for China today. Yuri Pines demonstrates that the empire survived and adjusted to a variety of domestic and external challenges through a peculiar combination of rigid ideological premises and their flexible implementation. The empire's major political actors and neighbors shared its fundamental ideological principles, such as unity under a single monarch--hence, even the empire's strongest domestic and foreign foes adopted the system of imperial rule. Yet details of this rule were constantly negotiated and adjusted. Pines shows how deep tensions between political actors including the emperor, the literati, local elites, and rebellious commoners actually enabled the empire's basic institutional framework to remain critically vital and adaptable to ever-changing sociopolitical circumstances. As contemporary China moves toward a new period of prosperity and power in the twenty-first century, Pines argues that the legacy of the empire may become an increasingly important force in shaping the nation's future trajectory.

Education in Traditional China

Author : Thomas H.C. Lee
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004389555
Total Pages : 779 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Education in Traditional China by : Thomas H.C. Lee

Download or read book Education in Traditional China written by Thomas H.C. Lee and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-12-24 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive study in English on the social, institutional and intellectual aspects of traditional Chinese education. The book introduces the Confucian ideal of 'studying for one's own sake', but argues that various intellectual traditions combined to create China's educational legacy. The book studies the development of schools and the examination system, the interaction between state, society and education, and the vicissitudes of the private academies. It examines family education, life of intellectuals, and the conventions of intellectual discourse. It also discusses the formation of the tradition of classical learning, and presents the first detailed account of student movements in traditional China, with an extensive bibliography. While a general survey, this book includes various new ideas and inquiries. It concludes with a critical evaluation of China's rich educational experiences.

The Chinese Imperial Examination System

Author : Rui Wang
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0810887029
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Chinese Imperial Examination System by : Rui Wang

Download or read book The Chinese Imperial Examination System written by Rui Wang and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chinese imperial examination system is unique in traditional Chinese society with origins dating back 1,300 years, and has had a far-reaching impact not only on contemporary Chinese society, but also on government systems of other countries around the world. The system was originally created as a political institution to recruit officials to serve the Chinese imperial government. During the period of its use, from 605 through 1905, the imperial examination system played a central role in the Chinese imperial government. It served as a tool for the political and ideological control, functioned as a proxy for education, produced the elite social class, and became a dominant culture in the traditional Chinese society. During its 1,300 years, the system generated countless publications, including the imperial government publications and a variety of non-government works. After the abolition of the system in 1905, numerous publications produced by the international research community spawned the Chinese imperial examination studies. The interdisciplinary study involved a whole range of disciplines, including history, political science, sociology, education, psychology, culture, literature, linguistics, anthropology, philosophy, religion, mathematics, economics, and archive studies. It would be impossible for one to understand China without knowing the imperial examination system and the vast collection of the imperial examination studies. This book provides an annotated bibliography for 214 publications that are relevant to the imperial examination studies, and each entry includes a review to serve as a guide to readers for this collection. Of the 214 publications, 155 are written in Chinese, and 59 are English publications. Although the 214 publications only comprise a fraction of the imperial examination studies, with a variety of subjects and research quality, this bibliography represents in considerable depth the scope of the development of the imperial examination studies. Through selecting, presenting, and reviewing a variety of significant publications, this book provides quick access to the essential literature of the imperial examination studies. College students, faculty, or any other readers who are interested in learning, teaching, or researching the Chinese imperial examination system, Chinese history, the Chinese government systems, culture, ideology, education, literature, and current social issues will find The Chinese Imperial Examination System: An Annotated Bibliography to be an important addition to their research.

Birth in Ancient China

Author : Constance A. Cook
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438467125
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Birth in Ancient China by : Constance A. Cook

Download or read book Birth in Ancient China written by Constance A. Cook and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals cultural paradigms and historical prejudices regarding the role of birthing and women in the reproduction of society. Using newly discovered and excavated texts, Constance A. Cook and Xinhui Luo systematically explore material culture, inscriptions, transmitted texts, and genealogies from BCE China to reconstruct the role of women in social reproduction in the ancient Chinese world. Applying paleographical, linguistic, and historical analyses, Cook and Luo discuss fertility rituals, birthing experiences, divine conceptions, divine births, and the overall influence of gendered supernatural agencies on the experience and outcome of birth. They unpack a cultural paradigm in which birth is not only a philosophical symbol of eternal return and renewal but also an abiding religious and social focus for lineage continuity. They also suggest that some of the mythical founder heroes traditionally assumed to be male may in fact have had female identities. Students of ancient history, particularly Chinese history, will find this book an essential complement to traditional historical narratives, while the exploration of ancient religious texts, many unknown in the West, provides a unique perspective into the study of the formation of mythology and the role of birthing in early religion. Constance A. Cook is Professor of Chinese at Lehigh University and the author of Death in Ancient China: The Tale of One Man’s Journey. Xinhui Luo is Professor of Chinese Ancient History at Beijing Normal University, China.

Early Modern Privacy

Author : Michaël Green
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004153071
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Early Modern Privacy by : Michaël Green

Download or read book Early Modern Privacy written by Michaël Green and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of instances, experiences, and spaces of early modern privacy. It opens new avenues to understanding the structures and dynamics that shape early modern societies through examination of a wide array of sources, discourses, practices, and spatial programmes.

Village Life in China

Author : Arthur H. Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Village Life in China by : Arthur H. Smith

Download or read book Village Life in China written by Arthur H. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China

Author : Patricia Buckley Ebrey
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400862353
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China by : Patricia Buckley Ebrey

Download or read book Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China written by Patricia Buckley Ebrey and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To explore the historical connections between Confucianism and Chinese society, this book examines the social and cultural processes through which Confucian texts on family rituals were written, circulated, interpreted, and used as guides to action. Weddings, funerals, and ancestral rites were central features of Chinese culture; they gave drama to transitions in people's lives and conveyed conceptions of the hierarchy of society and the interdependency of the living and the dead. Patricia Ebrey's social history of Confucian texts shows much about how Chinese culture was created in a social setting, through the participation of people at all social levels. Books, like Chu Hsi's Family Rituals and its dozens of revisions, were important in forming ritual behavior in China because of the general respect for literature, the early spread of printing, and the absence of an ecclesiastic establishment authorized to rule on the acceptability of variations in ritual behavior. Ebrey shows how more and more of what people commonly did was approved in the liturgies and thus brought into the realm labeled Confucian. Originally published in 1991. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Shakespeare in China

Author : Xiaoyang Zhang
Publisher : Associated University Presse
ISBN 13 : 9780874135367
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (353 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Shakespeare in China by : Xiaoyang Zhang

Download or read book Shakespeare in China written by Xiaoyang Zhang and published by Associated University Presse. This book was released on 1996 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The value of the book is not limited to the scope of Shakespeare studies and comparative literature. With the combination of the literary criticism and sociological approach, it describes and investigates a variety of social and psychological phenomena in the process of cultural exchange between the West and the East. The book also provides a brief view of the social, political, and historical changes in modern China for Western readers.