Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
The Evolution Of The Long Necked Giraffe Giraffa Camelopardalis L
Download The Evolution Of The Long Necked Giraffe Giraffa Camelopardalis L full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Evolution Of The Long Necked Giraffe Giraffa Camelopardalis L ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis The Evolution of the Long-necked Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis L.) by : Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig
Download or read book The Evolution of the Long-necked Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis L.) written by Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig and published by MV-Verlag. This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Darwin (1871) and many African folk legends before him [...] proposed a simple but powerful explanation for the large and elongated shape. Long necks allowed giraffe to outreach presumed competitors, particularly during dry-season bottlenecks when leaves become scarce; (Simmons and Scheepers). However, this old African folk legend which is still commonly taught in high schools, fails to explain, among other things, the size differences between males and females. Giraffe cows are up to 1.5 meters shorter than the giraffe bulls, not to mention the offspring. The wide migration range of the giraffe and the low heights of the most common plants in their diet likewise argue against the dominant selection hypothesis. Also: 1) The fossil "links," which according to the theory should appear successively and replace each other, usually exist simultaneously for long periods of time. 2) Evolutionary derivations based on similarities rely on circular reasoning. 3) The giraffe has eigh t cervical vertebrae. Although the 8th vertebra displays almost all the characteristics of a neck vertebra, as an exception to the rule the first rib pair is attached there. 4) The origin of the long-necked giraffe by a macromutation is, due to the many synorganized structures, extremely improbable. 5) Sexual selection also lacks a mutational basis and, what is more, is frequently in conflict with natural selection ("head clubbing" is probably "a consequence of a long neck and not a cause"; see also Mitchell et al. 2009). 6) In contrast to the thus-far proposed naturalistic hypotheses, the intelligent design theory is basically testable. 7) The long-necked giraffes possibly all belong to the same basic type inasmuch as 8) a gradual evolution from the short-necked to the long-necked giraffe is ruled out by the duplication of a neck vertebra and the loss of a thoracic vertebra. 9) Chance mutations are principally not sufficient to explain the origin of the long-necked giraffe. 10) The intelligent design theory offers an adequate and satisfying solution to the problems and points to numerous "old" and new research projects. 11) Mitchell and Skinner present a good analysis of the selectionist problem; however, their phylogenetic hypotheses presuppose the correctness of the synthetic evolutionary theory, and their claims of "intermediate forms" are unproven (similarly summary Part 2). Part 1 shows why Dawkins and Kutschera are wrong. The scientific facts speak for design."
Download or read book Giraffe written by Anne Innis Dagg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date portrait of the giraffe, summarising current knowledge on their biology and behaviour along with current conservation efforts.
Download or read book Giraffe written by Edgar Williams and published by Reaktion Books. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Their extraordinary long necks, distinctive camouflage, graceful movements, and friendly nature have made giraffes one of the most fascinating and beloved animals on the planet. But while giraffes once roamed the Great Plains of Africa in huge herds, their numbers have greatly diminished, and they are now entirely dependent on humanity for their survival. In Giraffe, Edgar Williams explores not only the biology of the tallest animals on earth, but also their impact on human history—including in ancient Egypt, where giraffes were kept as exotic pets; the Middle Ages, when giraffes were considered mythical beasts as improbable and mysterious as the dragon; and the Victorian era, in which giraffe hunting was considered an exhilarating sport. Giraffe is the first book to provide a comprehensive, twenty-first-century view of the giraffe in art, literature, film, and popular culture, as well as its natural history from prehistory to modern times. With new insights into the giraffe’s genetics and evolution, this book will appeal to those interested in the giraffe’s unique biology and to anyone who admires the majestic giraffe.
Book Synopsis A Natural History of Giraffes by : Dorcas MacClintock
Download or read book A Natural History of Giraffes written by Dorcas MacClintock and published by Macmillan Reference USA. This book was released on 1973 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Text includes everything you might want to know about giraffes, including herd structure, reproduction specifics, spot patterns, and their relationship to other animals and man.
Book Synopsis Giraffes Have Long Necks by : Katie Marsico
Download or read book Giraffes Have Long Necks written by Katie Marsico and published by Cherry Lake. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young children are naturally curious about animals. Tell Me Why Giraffes Have Long Necks offers answers to their most compelling questions about this long-necked animal that uses its height to reach leaves at the very top of trees. Age-appropriate explanations and appealing photos encourage readers to continue their quest for knowledge. Additional text features and search tools, including a glossary and an index, help students locate information and learn new words.
Download or read book Star Tales written by Ian Ridpath and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every night, a pageant of Greek mythology circles overhead. Perseus flies to the rescue of Andromeda, Orion faces the charge of the snorting Bull, and the ship of the Argonauts sails in search of the Golden Fleece. Constellations are the invention of human imagination, not of nature. They are an expression of the human desire to impress its own order upon the apparent chaos of the night sky. Modern science tells us that these twinkling points of light are glowing balls of gas, but the ancient Greeks, to whom we owe many of our constellations, knew nothing of this. Ian Ridpath, award-winning astronomy writer and popularizer, has been intrigued by the myths of the stars for many years. Star Tales is the first modern guide to combine all the fascinating myths in one book, illustrated with the beautiful and evocative engravings from two of the leading star atlases: Johann Bode’s Uranographia of 1801 and John Flamsteed’s Atlas Coelestis of 1729. This classic book, now in a revised and expanded edition, presents additional information on the constellations with new and enchanting illustrations. For anyone interested in the stars and classical mythology, for anyone who is an armchair astronomer, this is the perfect gift.
Book Synopsis Mammalian Sexuality by : Alan F. Dixson
Download or read book Mammalian Sexuality written by Alan F. Dixson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are more than 6000 species belonging to twenty-seven orders in the Class Mammalia. Comparative studies of this diverse and magnificent array of extant species provide valuable opportunities to formulate and test hypotheses concerning the evolution of reproduction. This is the first book to explore, in depth and breadth, the complex interrelationships that exist between patterns of mating behaviour and the evolution of mammalian reproductive anatomy and physiology. It focuses upon the role that copulatory and post-copulatory sexual selection have played during the evolution of the monotremes, marsupials and placental mammals, and examines the effects of sperm competition and cryptic female choice upon coevolution of the genitalia in the two sexes. In addition, due weight is also given to discussions of the modes of life of mammals, and to the roles played by natural selection and phylogeny in determining their reproductive traits.
Book Synopsis Why Giraffe Has a Long Neck by : Tiger Aspect
Download or read book Why Giraffe Has a Long Neck written by Tiger Aspect and published by Puffin. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tinga Tinga Tales is inspired by traditional animal stories from Africa and the Tingatinga artwork of Tanzania You see there was a timewhen Giraffe didn'thave a long neck. She had shortlegs, shorthorns and a very short, stumpyneck. She was also a very fussy eater . . . So what happened when Giraffe tried to get some honey from deep inside the tree?
Book Synopsis THE TRUTH OF THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE by : Sabrie Soloman
Download or read book THE TRUTH OF THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE written by Sabrie Soloman and published by KHANNA PUBLISHING HOUSE. This book was released on 2024-06-12 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life Origin - Black Hole – God The origins of life, the mysterious nature of black holes, and the idea of a higher power or God have long fascinated humans. The question of how life originated on Earth has puzzled scientists for centuries. These topics have sparked numerous debates, discussions, and theories among theologians, and philosophers alike. We attempt to unravel the mysteries of the universe. We will delve into the Creation, the scientific and the philosophical perspectives on the origins of life, the enigmatic nature of black holes, and the fact of the Creator. While each of these subjects is distinct in their own right, there are interesting connections that can be drawn among them. Black holes, on the other hand, are some of the most enigmatic objects in the universe. These dense regions of spacetime have such strong gravitational pulls that not even light can escape them. Scientists have long been intrigued by black holes and continue to study them to unlock their secrets. While black holes are thought to form from the collapse of massive stars, there is still much that remains unknown about these mysterious objects. The existence of God is a topic that has been debated for centuries. The question of whether a higher power, or deity, exists has divided people for millennia. Some argue that the complexity and beauty of the universe point to an intelligent designer, while others believe that the laws of nature are sufficient to explain the workings of the cosmos. The existence of God is a deeply personal and philosophical question that continues to captivate believers and skeptics alike.
Book Synopsis Biological Evolution by : Mike Cassidy
Download or read book Biological Evolution written by Mike Cassidy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological evolution, the theory of natural selection and of common descent, is a triumph both of human reasoning and scientific undertaking. The biological discipline of evolution contains both a chronicle of human endeavour and the story of life on Earth. This book is concerned with living forms and how they developed from 'simple and unpromising beginnings'. It considers evolution as both process and product. The author, an experienced teacher and educator, employs a historical narrative, used to convey the idea of 'change with modification' and to emphasise the relevance of evolution to contemporary bioscience. Biological evolution has now become part of the scientific orthodoxy and this accessible text will assist undergraduate students in the biological sciences within any ongoing debate.
Book Synopsis Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time by : Anna K. Behrensmeyer
Download or read book Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time written by Anna K. Behrensmeyer and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-08-15 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breathtaking in scope, this is the first survey of the entire ecological history of life on land—from the earliest traces of terrestrial organisms over 400 million years ago to the beginning of human agriculture. By providing myriad insights into the unique ecological information contained in the fossil record, it establishes a new and ambitious basis for the study of evolutionary paleoecology of land ecosystems. A joint undertaking of the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems Consortium at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, and twenty-six additional researchers, this book begins with four chapters that lay out the theoretical background and methodology of the science of evolutionary paleoecology. Included are a comprehensive review of the taphonomy and paleoenvironmental settings of fossil deposits as well as guidelines for developing ecological characterizations of extinct organisms and the communities in which they lived. The remaining three chapters treat the history of terrestrial ecosystems through geological time, emphasizing how ecological interactions have changed, the rate and tempo of ecosystem change, the role of exogenous "forcing factors" in generating ecological change, and the effect of ecological factors on the evolution of biological diversity. The six principal authors of this volume are all associated with the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems program at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.
Book Synopsis Giraffes, the Sentinels of the Savannas by : Helen Roney Sattler
Download or read book Giraffes, the Sentinels of the Savannas written by Helen Roney Sattler and published by Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books. This book was released on 1989 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the physical characteristics, habits, natural environment, and relationship to human beings of giraffes. Includes a glossary giving the popular and scientific name of each species and details of their size and appearance.
Book Synopsis Biological Extinction by : Partha Dasgupta
Download or read book Biological Extinction written by Partha Dasgupta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions why species are becoming extinct, and how we can protect the natural world on which we all depend.
Download or read book The Giraffe written by Bryan Shorrocks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of one of nature's most engaging mammals Covers fossil history, taxonomy, genetics, physiology, biomechanics, behavior, ecology, and conservation Includes genetic analysis of five of the six subspecies of modern giraffes Includes giraffe network studies from Laikipia Kenya, Etosha National Park, Namibia andSamburu National Reserve, Kenya
Book Synopsis Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers by : George A. Bubenik
Download or read book Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers written by George A. Bubenik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first drawings left on walls of ancient caves, human beings have been fascinated with that unique phenomenon of the animal kingdom, the presence of horns and antlers. From the mythical ''unicorn'' exercising the power over life and death to the perceived aphrodisiacal and other medical properties of rhinoceros horns and growing antlers, these conspicuous protuberances have had a significant place in the history of mankind. Part of that ancient interest in antlers and horns was due to their value as sym bols of masculinity; this interest persists today in trophy hunting, an honorable tradition carried on for centuries in many countries of the world. This book, which deals with evolution, morphology, physiology, and behavior, has not been devised as a comprehensive review of the subject of horns, prong horns, and antlers; rather, it is a series of chapters stimulating thoughts, discus sions, and initiation of new studies. As editors, we did not interfere with the content of articles nor with the opin ions and interpretations of our contributors, and we left them to decide whether to accept the suggestions of our reviewers. Despite the fact that various aspects of cranial appendages have been studied since the end of the eighteenth century, many controversial views still exist, as witnessed in various chapters of this book.
Download or read book Ungulate Taxonomy written by Colin Groves and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2011-11-15 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A group of special interest to mammalogists, taxonomists, and systemicists, ungulates have proven difficult to classify. This comprehensive review of the taxonomic relationships of artiodactyls and perissodactyls brings forth new evidence in order to propose a theory of ungulate taxonomy. With this straightforward volume, Colin Groves and the late Peter Grubb cut through previous assumptions to define ungulate genera, species, and subspecies. The species-by-species accounts incorporate new molecular, cytogenetic, and morphological data, as well as the authors’ own observations and measurements. The authors include references and supporting arguments for new classifications. A starting point for further research, this book is sure to be discussed and hotly debated in the mammalogical community. A well-reasoned synthesis, Ungulate Taxonomy will be a defining volume for years to come.
Download or read book Zombie Science written by Jonathan Wells and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author presents arguments against the current prevailing evolutionary theories.
