The Erotic Life of Racism

Download The Erotic Life of Racism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822352060
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Erotic Life of Racism by : Sharon Patricia Holland

Download or read book The Erotic Life of Racism written by Sharon Patricia Holland and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-13 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this critique of the fields of feminist theory, queer theory, and critical race theory, Sharon Holland describes how, despite decades of theoretical and political work focused on race, we are continually affected by everyday experiences of racism and attached to old patterns of racist thought.

Microaggression Theory

Download Microaggression Theory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119420040
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Microaggression Theory by : Gina C. Torino

Download or read book Microaggression Theory written by Gina C. Torino and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get to know the sociopolitical context behind microaggressions Microaggressions are brief, everyday exchanges that send denigrating messages to certain individuals because of their group membership (e.g., race, gender, culture, religion, social class, sexual orientation, etc.). These daily, common manifestations of aggression leave many people feeling vulnerable, targeted, angry, and afraid. How has this become such a pervasive part of our social and political rhetoric, and what is the psychology behind it? In Microaggression Theory, the original research team that created the microaggressions taxonomy, Gina Torino, David Rivera, Christina Capodilupo, Kevin Nadal, and Derald Wing Sue, address these issues head-on in a fascinating work that explores the newest findings of microaggressions in their sociopolitical context. It delves into how the often invisible nature of this phenomenon prevents perpetrators from realizing and confronting their own complicity in creating psychological dilemmas for marginalized groups, and discusses how prejudice, privilege, safe spaces, and cultural appropriation have become themes in our contentious social and political discourse. Details the psychological effects of microaggressions in separate chapters covering clinical impact, trauma, related stress syndromes, and the effect on perpetrators Examines how microaggressions affect education, employment, health care, and the media Explores how social policies and practices can minimize the occurrence and impact of microaggressions in a range of environments Investigates how microaggressions relate to larger social movements If you come across the topic of microaggressions in your day-to-day life, you can keep the conversation going in a productive manner—with research to back it up!

Racial Erotics

Download Racial Erotics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295749105
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (957 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Racial Erotics by : C. Winter Han

Download or read book Racial Erotics written by C. Winter Han and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual desire, often understood as personal erotic preference, is frequently seen as neutral, natural, or inevitable. Countering these commonplace assumptions, Racial Erotics shows how sexual partnering within communities of gay men is deeply embedded within larger social structures that define whiteness as desirable and normative while othering men of color. In queer erotic economies this othering may take the form of sexual rejection or fetishization of men of color, but C. Winter Han argues that the real danger of sexual racism is that it creates a hierarchy of racial worth that extends outside of erotic encounters into the everyday lives of gay men of color. In this way, sexual racism perpetuates a larger project of racial erasing that equates gayness with whiteness to secure acceptance for gay white men at the expense of queers of color. With vivid examples from interviews, media representations, and online dating sites, Han highlights the creative means through which gay men of color, cordoned off in spaces both gay and straight, produce alternative frameworks to combat dominant narratives. Racial Erotics offers a new paradigm for understanding the connection of race and queer desire, demonstrating how race profoundly shapes sexual desires among men while racialized notions of desire construct beliefs about belonging.

Unequal Desires

Download Unequal Desires PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 143843216X
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Unequal Desires by : Siobhan Brooks

Download or read book Unequal Desires written by Siobhan Brooks and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigates race and racism in the U.S. exotic dance industry.

The Erotic Life of Racism

Download The Erotic Life of Racism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press Books
ISBN 13 : 9780822351955
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Erotic Life of Racism by : Sharon Patricia Holland

Download or read book The Erotic Life of Racism written by Sharon Patricia Holland and published by Duke University Press Books. This book was released on 2012-04-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major intervention in the fields of critical race theory, black feminism, and queer theory, The Erotic Life of Racism contends that theoretical and political analyses of race have largely failed to understand and describe the profound ordinariness of racism and the ways that it operates as a quotidian practice. If racism has an everyday life, how does it remain so powerful and yet mask its very presence? To answer this question, Sharon Patricia Holland moves into the territory of the erotic, understanding racism's practice as constitutive to the practice of racial being and erotic choice. Reemphasizing the black/white binary, Holland reinvigorates critical engagement with race and racism. She argues that only by bringing critical race theory, queer theory, and black feminist thought into conversation with each other can we fully envision the relationship between racism and the personal and political dimensions of our desire. The Erotic Life of Racism provocatively redirects our attention to a desire no longer independent of racism but rather embedded within it.

The Psychic Life of Racism in Gay Men's Communities

Download The Psychic Life of Racism in Gay Men's Communities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498537154
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Psychic Life of Racism in Gay Men's Communities by : Damien W. Riggs

Download or read book The Psychic Life of Racism in Gay Men's Communities written by Damien W. Riggs and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psychic Life of Racism in Gay Men’s Communities engages in the necessarily complex task of mapping out the operations of racialized desire as it circulates among gay men. In exploring such desire, the contributors to this collection consider the intersections of privilege and marginalization in the context of gay men’s lives, and in so doing, argue that as much as experiences of discrimination on the basis of sexuality are shared among many gay men, experiences of discrimination within gay communities are equally as common. Focusing specifically on racialization, the contributors offer insight as to how hierarchies, inequalities, and practices of exclusion serve to bolster the central position accorded to certain groups of gay men at the expense of other groups. Considering how racial desire operates within gay communities allows the contributors to connect contemporary struggles for inclusion and recognition with ongoing histories of marginalization and exclusion. The Psychic Life of Racism in Gay Men’s Communities is an important intervention that disputes the claim that gay communities are primarily organized around acceptance and homogeneity and instead demonstrates the considerable diversity and ongoing tensions that mark gay men’s relationships with one another.

Raising the Dead

Download Raising the Dead PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822380382
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Raising the Dead by : Sharon Patricia Holland

Download or read book Raising the Dead written by Sharon Patricia Holland and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-29 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising the Dead is a groundbreaking, interdisciplinary exploration of death’s relation to subjectivity in twentieth-century American literature and culture. Sharon Patricia Holland contends that black subjectivity in particular is connected intimately to death. For Holland, travelling through “the space of death” gives us, as cultural readers, a nuanced and appropriate metaphor for understanding what is at stake when bodies, discourses, and communities collide. Holland argues that the presence of blacks, Native Americans, women, queers, and other “minorities” in society is, like death, “almost unspeakable.” She gives voice to—or raises—the dead through her examination of works such as the movie Menace II Society, Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved, Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead, Randall Kenan’s A Visitation of Spirits, and the work of the all-white, male, feminist hip-hop band Consolidated. In challenging established methods of literary investigation by putting often-disparate voices in dialogue with each other, Holland forges connections among African-American literature and culture, queer and feminist theory. Raising the Dead will be of interest to students and scholars of American culture, African-American literature, literary theory, gender studies, queer theory, and cultural studies.

Race and Sexuality

Download Race and Sexuality PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509513876
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Race and Sexuality by : Salvador Vidal-Ortiz

Download or read book Race and Sexuality written by Salvador Vidal-Ortiz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The connections between race and sexuality are constant in our lives, yet they are not often linked together in productive, analytical ways. This illuminating book delves into the interrelation of race and sexuality as inseparable elements of our identities and social lives. The authors approach the topic through an interdisciplinary lens, focusing on power, social arrangements and hierarchies, and the production of social difference. Their analysis maps the historical, discursive, and structural manifestations of race and sexuality, noting the everyday effects that the intersections of these categories have on people’s lived experiences. Considering both US-based and transnational cases, this book presents an empirical grounding for understanding how race and sexuality are mutually constitutive categories. Providing a comprehensive overview of racialized sexualities, this book is an essential text for any advanced course on race, sexuality, and intersectionality.

Docile

Download Docile PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Tordotcom
ISBN 13 : 1250216141
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Docile by : K.M. Szpara

Download or read book Docile written by K.M. Szpara and published by Tordotcom. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: K. M. Szpara's Docile is a science fiction parable about love and sex, wealth and debt, abuse and power, a challenging tour de force that at turns seduces and startles. There is no consent under capitalism. To be a Docile is to be kept, body and soul, for the uses of the owner of your contract. To be a Docile is to forget, to disappear, to hide inside your body from the horrors of your service. To be a Docile is to sell yourself to pay your parents' debts and buy your children's future. Elisha Wilder’s family has been ruined by debt, handed down to them from previous generations. His mother never recovered from the Dociline she took during her term as a Docile, so when Elisha decides to try and erase the family’s debt himself, he swears he will never take the drug that took his mother from him. Too bad his contract has been purchased by Alexander Bishop III, whose ultra-rich family is the brains (and money) behind Dociline and the entire Office of Debt Resolution. When Elisha refuses Dociline, Alex refuses to believe that his family’s crowning achievement could have any negative side effects—and is determined to turn Elisha into the perfect Docile without it. Content warning: Docile contains forthright depictions and discussions of rape and sexual abuse. At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Between the World and Me

Download Between the World and Me PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : One World
ISBN 13 : 0679645985
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (796 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Between the World and Me by : Ta-Nehisi Coates

Download or read book Between the World and Me written by Ta-Nehisi Coates and published by One World. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • NATIONAL BOOK AWARD WINNER • NAMED ONE OF TIME’S TEN BEST NONFICTION BOOKS OF THE DECADE • PULITZER PRIZE FINALIST • NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD FINALIST • ONE OF OPRAH’S “BOOKS THAT HELP ME THROUGH” • NOW AN HBO ORIGINAL SPECIAL EVENT Hailed by Toni Morrison as “required reading,” a bold and personal literary exploration of America’s racial history by “the most important essayist in a generation and a writer who changed the national political conversation about race” (Rolling Stone) NAMED ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL BOOKS OF THE DECADE BY CNN • NAMED ONE OF PASTE’S BEST MEMOIRS OF THE DECADE • NAMED ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • O: The Oprah Magazine • The Washington Post • People • Entertainment Weekly • Vogue • Los Angeles Times • San Francisco Chronicle • Chicago Tribune • New York • Newsday • Library Journal • Publishers Weekly In a profound work that pivots from the biggest questions about American history and ideals to the most intimate concerns of a father for his son, Ta-Nehisi Coates offers a powerful new framework for understanding our nation’s history and current crisis. Americans have built an empire on the idea of “race,” a falsehood that damages us all but falls most heavily on the bodies of black women and men—bodies exploited through slavery and segregation, and, today, threatened, locked up, and murdered out of all proportion. What is it like to inhabit a black body and find a way to live within it? And how can we all honestly reckon with this fraught history and free ourselves from its burden? Between the World and Me is Ta-Nehisi Coates’s attempt to answer these questions in a letter to his adolescent son. Coates shares with his son—and readers—the story of his awakening to the truth about his place in the world through a series of revelatory experiences, from Howard University to Civil War battlefields, from the South Side of Chicago to Paris, from his childhood home to the living rooms of mothers whose children’s lives were taken as American plunder. Beautifully woven from personal narrative, reimagined history, and fresh, emotionally charged reportage, Between the World and Me clearly illuminates the past, bracingly confronts our present, and offers a transcendent vision for a way forward.

How to Be a (Young) Antiracist

Download How to Be a (Young) Antiracist PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0593461614
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (934 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How to Be a (Young) Antiracist by : Ibram X. Kendi

Download or read book How to Be a (Young) Antiracist written by Ibram X. Kendi and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2023-09-12 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The #1 New York Times bestseller that sparked international dialogue is now a book for young adults! Based on the adult bestseller by Ibram X. Kendi, and co-authored by bestselling author Nic Stone, How to be a (Young) Antiracist will serve as a guide for teens seeking a way forward in acknowledging, identifying, and dismantling racism and injustice. The New York Times bestseller How to be an Antiracist by Ibram X. Kendi is shaping the way a generation thinks about race and racism. How to be a (Young) Antiracist is a dynamic reframing of the concepts shared in the adult book, with young adulthood front and center. Aimed at readers 12 and up, and co-authored by award-winning children's book author Nic Stone, How to be a (Young) Antiracist empowers teen readers to help create a more just society. Antiracism is a journey--and now young adults will have a map to carve their own path. Kendi and Stone have revised this work to provide anecdotes and data that speaks directly to the experiences and concerns of younger readers, encouraging them to think critically and build a more equitable world in doing so.

Anti-Blackness and Christian Ethics

Download Anti-Blackness and Christian Ethics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Orbis Books
ISBN 13 : 1608337162
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (83 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Anti-Blackness and Christian Ethics by : Lloyd, Vincent W.

Download or read book Anti-Blackness and Christian Ethics written by Lloyd, Vincent W. and published by Orbis Books. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From police violence to mass incarceration, from environmental racism to micro-aggressions, the moral gravity of anti-black racism is attracting broad attention. How do Christian ideas, practices, and institutions contribute to today's struggle for racial justice? And how do they need to be reimagined in light of the challenges to white supremacy posed by today's movements for racial justice? With contributions by leading experts such as Katie Grimes, Steven Battin, Santiago Slabodsky, M. Shawn Copeland, Kelly Brown Douglas, Elias Ortega-Aponte, Ashon Crawley, Eboni Marshall Turman, and Bryan Massingale, this collection speaks to scholars, students, activists, and Christians of all races who believe that black lives matter. --

Authentically Black

Download Authentically Black PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 9781592400461
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Authentically Black by : John McWhorter

Download or read book Authentically Black written by John McWhorter and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new collection of thought-provoking essays by the best-selling author of Losing the Race examines what it means to be black in modern-day America, addressing such issues as racial profiling, the reparations movement, film and TV stereotypes, diversity, affirmative action, and hip-hop, while calling for the advancement of true racial equality. Reprint.

The Sellout

Download The Sellout PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 0374712247
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (747 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Sellout by : Paul Beatty

Download or read book The Sellout written by Paul Beatty and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Man Booker Prize Winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award in Fiction Winner of the John Dos Passos Prize for Literature New York Times Bestseller Los Angeles Times Bestseller Named One of the 10 Best Books of the Year by The New York Times Book Review Named a Best Book of the Year by Newsweek, The Denver Post, BuzzFeed, Kirkus Reviews, and Publishers Weekly Named a "Must-Read" by Flavorwire and New York Magazine's "Vulture" Blog A biting satire about a young man's isolated upbringing and the race trial that sends him to the Supreme Court, Paul Beatty's The Sellout showcases a comic genius at the top of his game. It challenges the sacred tenets of the United States Constitution, urban life, the civil rights movement, the father-son relationship, and the holy grail of racial equality—the black Chinese restaurant. Born in the "agrarian ghetto" of Dickens—on the southern outskirts of Los Angeles—the narrator of The Sellout resigns himself to the fate of lower-middle-class Californians: "I'd die in the same bedroom I'd grown up in, looking up at the cracks in the stucco ceiling that've been there since '68 quake." Raised by a single father, a controversial sociologist, he spent his childhood as the subject in racially charged psychological studies. He is led to believe that his father's pioneering work will result in a memoir that will solve his family's financial woes. But when his father is killed in a police shoot-out, he realizes there never was a memoir. All that's left is the bill for a drive-thru funeral. Fueled by this deceit and the general disrepair of his hometown, the narrator sets out to right another wrong: Dickens has literally been removed from the map to save California from further embarrassment. Enlisting the help of the town's most famous resident—the last surviving Little Rascal, Hominy Jenkins—he initiates the most outrageous action conceivable: reinstating slavery and segregating the local high school, which lands him in the Supreme Court.

Black Feminism Reimagined

Download Black Feminism Reimagined PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 1478002255
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Black Feminism Reimagined by : Jennifer C. Nash

Download or read book Black Feminism Reimagined written by Jennifer C. Nash and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Black Feminism Reimagined Jennifer C. Nash reframes black feminism's engagement with intersectionality, often celebrated as its primary intellectual and political contribution to feminist theory. Charting the institutional history and contemporary uses of intersectionality in the academy, Nash outlines how women's studies has both elevated intersectionality to the discipline's primary program-building initiative and cast intersectionality as a threat to feminism's coherence. As intersectionality has become a central feminist preoccupation, Nash argues that black feminism has been marked by a single affect—defensiveness—manifested by efforts to police intersectionality's usages and circulations. Nash contends that only by letting go of this deeply alluring protectionist stance, the desire to make property of knowledge, can black feminists reimagine intellectual production in ways that unleash black feminist theory's visionary world-making possibilities.

A More Beautiful and Terrible History

Download A More Beautiful and Terrible History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807075876
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A More Beautiful and Terrible History by : Jeanne Theoharis

Download or read book A More Beautiful and Terrible History written by Jeanne Theoharis and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praised by The New York Times; O, The Oprah Magazine; Bitch Magazine; Slate; Publishers Weekly; and more, this is “a bracing corrective to a national mythology” (New York Times) around the civil rights movement. The civil rights movement has become national legend, lauded by presidents from Reagan to Obama to Trump, as proof of the power of American democracy. This fable, featuring dreamy heroes and accidental heroines, has shuttered the movement firmly in the past, whitewashed the forces that stood in its way, and diminished its scope. And it is used perniciously in our own times to chastise present-day movements and obscure contemporary injustice. In A More Beautiful and Terrible History award-winning historian Jeanne Theoharis dissects this national myth-making, teasing apart the accepted stories to show them in a strikingly different light. We see Rosa Parks not simply as a bus lady but a lifelong criminal justice activist and radical; Martin Luther King, Jr. as not only challenging Southern sheriffs but Northern liberals, too; and Coretta Scott King not only as a “helpmate” but a lifelong economic justice and peace activist who pushed her husband’s activism in these directions. Moving from “the histories we get” to “the histories we need,” Theoharis challenges nine key aspects of the fable to reveal the diversity of people, especially women and young people, who led the movement; the work and disruption it took; the role of the media and “polite racism” in maintaining injustice; and the immense barriers and repression activists faced. Theoharis makes us reckon with the fact that far from being acceptable, passive or unified, the civil rights movement was unpopular, disruptive, and courageously persevering. Activists embraced an expansive vision of justice—which a majority of Americans opposed and which the federal government feared. By showing us the complex reality of the movement, the power of its organizing, and the beauty and scope of the vision, Theoharis proves that there was nothing natural or inevitable about the progress that occurred. A More Beautiful and Terrible History will change our historical frame, revealing the richness of our civil rights legacy, the uncomfortable mirror it holds to the nation, and the crucial work that remains to be done. Winner of the 2018 Brooklyn Public Library Literary Prize in Nonfiction

Black Queer Freedom

Download Black Queer Freedom PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252052250
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Black Queer Freedom by : GerShun Avilez

Download or read book Black Queer Freedom written by GerShun Avilez and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether engaged in same-sex desire or gender nonconformity, black queer individuals live with being perceived as a threat while simultaneously being subjected to the threat of physical, psychological, and socioeconomical injury. Attending to and challenging threats has become a defining element in queer black artists’ work throughout the black diaspora. GerShun Avilez analyzes the work of diasporic artists who, denied government protections, have used art to create spaces for justice. He first focuses on how the state seeks to inhibit the movement of black queer bodies through public spaces, whether on the street or across borders. From there, he pivots to institutional spaces—specifically prisons and hospitals—and the ways such places seek to expose queer bodies in order to control them. Throughout, he reveals how desire and art open routes to black queer freedom when policy, the law, racism, and homophobia threaten physical safety, civil rights, and social mobility.