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The Effects Of Water Composition On Perchlorate Removal From Polluted Ground Water Using An Ion Exchange Membrane Bioreactor Iemb
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Water Composition on Perchlorate Removal from Polluted Ground-water Using an Ion Exchange Membrane Bioreactor (IEMB) by : Alon Zelichover
Download or read book The Effects of Water Composition on Perchlorate Removal from Polluted Ground-water Using an Ion Exchange Membrane Bioreactor (IEMB) written by Alon Zelichover and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bioremediation Science by : Amitava Rakshit
Download or read book Bioremediation Science written by Amitava Rakshit and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides state of the art description of various approaches, techniques and some basic fundamentals of bioremediation to manage a variety of organic and inorganic wastes and pollutants present in our environment. A comprehensive overview of recent advances and new development in the field of bioremediation research are provided within relevant theoretical framework to improve our understanding for the cleaning up of polluted water and contaminated land. The book is easy to read and language can be readily comprehended by aspiring newcomer, students, researchers and anyone else interested in this field. Renowned scientists around the world working on the above topics have contributed chapters. In this edited book, we have addressed the scope of the inexpensive and energy neutral bioremediation technologies. The scope of the book extends to environmental/agricultural scientists, students, consultants, site owners, industrial stakeholders, regulators and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Treatability of Perchlorate in Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology - Phase II by : L. Aldridge
Download or read book Treatability of Perchlorate in Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology - Phase II written by L. Aldridge and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 2005-04-30 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1997, several perchlorate treatment technologies have proven to be technically feasible at drinking-water treatment scale: biological reduction, ion exchange, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and granular activated carbon (GAC). The objectives of this project were to demonstrate the long-term performance of conventional ion-exchange technology for perchlorate removal and evaluate three disparate alternatives (chemical, biological, electrolytic) for brine treatment and reuse. This project evaluated three fundamentally different brine treatment and reuse processes. The first process, the biological brine treatment system, operated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Spent 3 percent (0.5 N NaCl) brine was introduced to the nitrate and perchlorate degrading culture in the reactor and acetic acid was supplied to this culture as an electron donor for the reduction process. Once the nitrate and perchlorate were biodegraded, the mixture was settled, filtered, and amended with chloride before its reuse as regenerant solution. The second process, the physical/chemical brine treatment system, employed a high-pressure and high-temperature catalytic process to reduce the nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. After the process, the treated brine was ready for reuse without subsequent treatment. The system used a stoichiometric dose of a chemical reductant (ammonia) based on the measured concentrations of nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. The last process, a simple bipolar electrochemical cell, electrolytically reduced the perchlorate and/or nitrate present in the spent ion exchange brine. Once reduced, the brine could be immediately reused. This process did not require the addition of an electron donor as with the biological process, or a reductant as with the physical/chemical treatment process.
Download or read book Perchlorate written by Baohua Gu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-02 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed description of perchlorate chemistry and recent advances in innovative remediation technologies for perchlorate contamination and their pros and cons Additionally, the first book to describe the natural occurrence of perchlorate and its unique isotopic signatures for environmental forensics and its detection in the environment, particularly the real-time analysis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Book Synopsis Treatability of Perchlorate-Containing Water by RO, NF and UF Membranes by : Gary Amy
Download or read book Treatability of Perchlorate-Containing Water by RO, NF and UF Membranes written by Gary Amy and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The California Department of Health Services has established a provisional action level of 4 ug/L for perchlorate in drinking water due to its toxicity. There are 14 states in the United States that have thus far confirmed perchlorate in ground or surface waters. Ongoing research is investigating other treatment technologies for perchlorate rejection, including biological degradation, ion exchange, and activated carbon. The major objectives of this project were to: determine the removal/rejection of perchlorate (ClO4-) ion by high pressure membranes, including reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and tight ultrafiltration (UF); evaluate the effects of water quality parameters, pH, ionic strength (conductivity), and co-ions and counter-ions, on process performance; and study membrane operating conditions (e.g., recovery) on perchlorate rejection and potential scaling. Water quality is a determining factor in applying high pressure membranes to perchlorate rejection. Effective rejection of perchlorate by RO, NF, and tight UF has been demonstrated according to two rejection mechanisms: steric (size) versus electrostatic (charge) exclusion. Based on its size (hydrodynamic radius), perchlorate is selectively rejected over chloride through size exclusion; however, based on charge exclusion, sulfate is selectively rejected over perchlorate. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online
Book Synopsis Treatment of Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater Using Highly-Selective, Regenerable Anion-Exchange Resins at Edwards Air Force Base by :
Download or read book Treatment of Perchlorate-Contaminated Groundwater Using Highly-Selective, Regenerable Anion-Exchange Resins at Edwards Air Force Base written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective ion exchange is one of the most effective treatment technologies for removing low levels of perchlorate (ClO4−) from contaminated water because of its high efficiency without adverse impacts on the water quality caused by adding or removing any chemicals or nutrients. This report summarizes both the laboratory and a field pilot-scale studies to determine the ability and efficiency of the bifunctional synthetic resins to remove ClO4− from the contaminated groundwater at the Edwards Air Force Base in California. Regeneration of the resins after groundwater treatment was also evaluated using the FeCl3-HCl regeneration technique recently developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. On the basis of this study, the bifunctional resin, D-3696 was found to be highly selective toward ClO4− and performed much better than one of the best commercial nitrate-selective resins (Purolite A-520E) and more than an order of magnitude better than the Purolite A-500 resin (with a relatively low selectivity). At an influent concentration of ≈ 450 {micro}g/L ClO4− in groundwater, the bifunctional resin bed treated ≈ 40,000 empty bed volumes of groundwater before a significant breakthrough of ClO4− occurred. The presence of relatively high concentrations of chloride and sulfate in site groundwater did not appear to affect the ability of the bifunctional resin to remove ClO4−. However, the presence of high iron or iron oxyhydroxides and/or biomass in groundwater caused a significant fouling of the resin beds and greatly influenced the effectiveness in regenerating the resins sorbed with ClO4−. Under such circumstances, a prefilter (≈ 0.5-1 {micro}m) was found to be necessary to remove these particulates and to reduce the risk of fouling of the resin beds. Without significant fouling, the resin bed could be effectively regenerated by the FeCl3 displacement technique. Nearly 100% of the sorbed ClO4− was displaced or recovered after elution with only ≈ 2-5 bed volumes of the FeCl3-HCl regenerant solution. On the basis of both the laboratory and field pilot-scale studies, they therefore anticipate that a combination of the selective ion exchange and the FeCl3-regeneration technologies may offer a cost-effective means to remove ClO4− from contaminated groundwater with significantly reduced waste generation and operational cost.
Book Synopsis Perchlorate Removal in Groundwater by Perchlorate Reductases from the Perchlorate Respiring Bacterium, Perc1ace by : William T. Frankenberger
Download or read book Perchlorate Removal in Groundwater by Perchlorate Reductases from the Perchlorate Respiring Bacterium, Perc1ace written by William T. Frankenberger and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perchlorate in Drinking Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment of Perchlorate in Groundwater by Ion Exchange Technology by : Dennis A. Clifford
Download or read book Treatment of Perchlorate in Groundwater by Ion Exchange Technology written by Dennis A. Clifford and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project was to provide information, based on laboratory experiments and bench-scale testing and verification, to suggest perchlorate ion exchange treatment options suitable for pilot-scale testing. The large experimentally determined range of perchlorate selectivity exhibited by commercially available ion exchange resins suggested three treatment options: (1) conventional exhaustion regeneration with polyacrylic resins; (2) partial exhaustion followed by elevated-temperature regeneration and destruction of perchlorate and nitrate prior to brine reuse with polystyrene type I resins; and (3) complete exhaustion and replacement of the ion exchange resin for highly perchlorate-selective resins. Biological reduction of both perchlorate and nitrate in the spent brine was demonstrated as a possible pretreatment step prior to brine reuse. The goals of this work were met, and the options are now being implemented in phase II pilot-scale testing.
Book Synopsis Perchlorate in the Environment by : Edward Todd Urbansky
Download or read book Perchlorate in the Environment written by Edward Todd Urbansky and published by . This book was released on 2000-06-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment of Perchlorate Using Single-use Ion Exchange Resins by :
Download or read book Treatment of Perchlorate Using Single-use Ion Exchange Resins written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Perchlorate in Drinking Water Scientific Collaboration in Defining Safety by : Daland R. Juberg
Download or read book Perchlorate in Drinking Water Scientific Collaboration in Defining Safety written by Daland R. Juberg and published by Am Cncl on Science, Health. This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Perchlorate and Nitrate Remediation Efficiency and Microbial Diversity in a Containerized Wetland Bioreactor by :
Download or read book Perchlorate and Nitrate Remediation Efficiency and Microbial Diversity in a Containerized Wetland Bioreactor written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed a method to remove perchlorate (14 to 27 [mu]g/L) and nitrate (48 mg/L) from contaminated groundwater using a wetland bioreactor. The bioreactor has operated continuously in a remote field location for more than two years with a stable ecosystem of indigenous organisms. This study assesses the bioreactor for long-term perchlorate and nitrate remediation by evaluating influent and effluent groundwater for reduction-oxidation conditions and nitrate and perchlorate concentrations. Total community DNA was extracted and purified from 10-g sediment samples retrieved from vertical coring of the bioreactor during winter. Analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of short, 16S rDNA, polymerase-chain-reaction products was used to identify dominant microorganisms. Bacteria genera identified were closely affiliated with bacteria widely distributed in soils, mud layers, and fresh water. Of the 17 dominant bands sequenced, most were gram negative and capable of aerobic or anaerobic respiration with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Halomonas, and Nitrospira). Several identified genera (Rhizobium, Acinetobactor, and Xanthomonas) are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a combined form (ammonia) usable by host plants. Isolates were identified from the Proteobacteria class, known for the ability to reduce perchlorate. Initial bacterial assessments of sediments confirm the prevalence of facultative anaerobic bacteria capable of reducing perchlorate and nitrate in situ.
Book Synopsis Assessment of the Electrochemical Reduction of the Perchlorate Ion by : Thomas L. Theis
Download or read book Assessment of the Electrochemical Reduction of the Perchlorate Ion written by Thomas L. Theis and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Treatment and Downstream Processing of Perchlorate-contaminated Water by : Patrick J. Evans
Download or read book Biological Treatment and Downstream Processing of Perchlorate-contaminated Water written by Patrick J. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Perchlorate Removal, Destruction and Field Monitoring Demonstration by :
Download or read book Perchlorate Removal, Destruction and Field Monitoring Demonstration written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this demonstration were to evaluate and demonstrate a complete perchlorate ion exchange process for groundwater that included a unique, regenerable, perchlorate-selective ion exchange resin; an efficient regeneration technique that greatly minimized waste volume; methods for treating regeneration waste from this process that would reduce cost by enabling discharge or reuse; and to demonstrate a new perchlorate field monitor with ppb detection. In order to validate the performance and economics of the proposed processes compared to current perchlorate treatment processes, the following objectives were proposed: 1. Demonstrate perchlorate removal in groundwater from>50 ppb to
Book Synopsis Remediation Technologies for Perchlorate Contamination in Water and Soil, PERC-2 by :
Download or read book Remediation Technologies for Perchlorate Contamination in Water and Soil, PERC-2 written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perchlorate, an anion, consists of one chlorine atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (ClO4 –) and is both naturally occurring and manmade. Highly soluble and mobile in water, perchlorate is generally very stable in the dissolved state. Most of the attention focused on perchlorate has concerned its presence in groundwater and surface water. However, perchlorate can also be found in soil and vegetation and has entered the human and environmental food chains. Perchlorate occurrence in drinking water and food supplies is a human health concern because it can interfere with iodide uptake by the thyroid gland and result in decreased thyroid hormone production. Past management practices were not concerned with the release of perchlorate to the environment because it was not recognized or regarded as a contaminant of concern. Widespread perchlorate presence in the United States was observed after the spring of 1997 when an analytical method was developed with a quantitation level of 4 parts per billion. Subsequent advances in analytical chemistry have proven perchlorate to be more widespread in the environment than previously thought. Chapter 1 provides an overview of perchlorate issues.
