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Author : Frank E. Burkhart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (164 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Title IX on Expenditures in Athletics for Women written by Frank E. Burkhart and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Deborah L. Brake
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814760392
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)
Download or read book Getting in the Game written by Deborah L. Brake and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Title IX, a landmark federal statute enacted in 1972 to prohibit sex discrimination in education, has worked its way into American culture as few other laws have. The subject of web blogs and T-shirt slogans, it is credited with opening the doors to the massive numbers of girls and women now participating in competitive sports, yet few people fully understand the extent to which it has succeeded in challenging the gender norms that have circumscribed women's place in society more generally. In this legal analysis of Title IX, the author, a law professor assesses the statute's successes and failures. She provides an understanding and appreciation of what Title IX has accomplished, while taking a critical look at the places where it has fallen short.
Author : Rita J. Simon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351488376
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)
Download or read book Sporting Equality written by Rita J. Simon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of its Education Amendments, the United States Congress passed Title IX in 1972 to ensure that no person should be discriminated against in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. In the decades since, Title IX has had, among other effects, a marked increase on school athletic programs for women and girls at both the high school and college level. Despite this, a range of questions have been raised about the effectiveness of the federal government's enforcement, and also the impact on male athletics. The government can enact legislation, but how it works remains the domain of administrators at one end and thousands of athletes at the other. Sporting Equality reviews the impact of Title IX thirty years after its passage, and suggests future areas of contention.This new title includes the major findings and recommendations of the Secretary of Education's Commission on Opportunities in Athletics established in 2002, as well as the commission's minority report. These contributions are followed by seven chapters that analyze and assess the strength and weakness of Title IX and offer recommendations for strengthening or changing its goals and objectives. These include: Kimberly A. Yuracko, ""Title IX and the Problem of Gender Equality in Athletics""; Eric C. Dudley, Jr. and George Rutherglen, ""A Comment on the Report of the Commission to Review Title IX""; Barbara Murray, ""How to Evaluate the Implementation of Title IX at Colleges and Universities and Attitudes and Interest of Students Regarding Athletics""; John J. Cheslock and Deborah Anderson, ""Lessons From Research on Title IX and Intercollegiate Athletics""; Valerie M. Bonnette, ""The Little Fusses Over Title IX.""The book concludes with two controversial chapters. The first, by Leo Kocher, argues that Title IX has been detrimental to male athletics, especially gymnastics, swimming, wrestling, and track, while the second by Ellen J. Staurowsky claims that T
Author : United States Commission on Civil Rights
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book More Hurdles to Clear written by United States Commission on Civil Rights and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication reviews the history of women and girls in athletics, assesses the current status of female participation in high school and college competitive athletics, and summarizes recent policy interpretations by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (dhew) of Title ix of the Education Amendments of 1972. The historical review focuses on American attitudes toward female physicality from the Victorian era to the present. Current obstacles to female participation in sports are identified as sex stereotyping of athletics as unfeminine, the idea that females should not engage in strenuous activity, and discrimination in the allocation of resources for sports. The role of Title ix (which prohibits sex discrimination in Federally-assisted education programs) in ameliorating discrimination in athletics is explained. Changes in female participation in competitive athletics since 1970 are described and related to the implementation of Title ix. Participation figures, by sex, are presented separately for high schools, two year colleges, and four year colleges, and are broken down individually for football, baseball/softball, basketball, tennis, and track. Also described are college budget allocations for men's and women's intercollegiate sports. Appended to the report are statistical tables and discussions and regulations concerning DHEW's jurisdiction under Title ix. (Gc).
Author : Erin Buzuvis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Athletic Compensation for Women Too? Title IX Implications of Northwestern and O'Bannon written by Erin Buzuvis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NCAA has been relying on Title IX requirements to defend its polices prohibiting compensation for college athletics; it argues that paying athletes in revenue sports, coupled with the commensurate obligation under Title IX to pay female athletes, would be prohibitively expensive. As a response to the NCAA's argument, the Author seeks to advance two positions: first, that Title IX would, as argued by the NCAA, require payment of female athletes using some measure of equality; and, second, that it is not Title IX that renders the prospect of athlete compensation cost prohibitive, but rather, the fact that college athletics departments seek the advantages of operating as both educational and commerce enterprises. Ultimately, the Author reframes the application of Title IX to athlete compensation by proposing two alternative outcomes: either college athletics departments could reform their programs by curtailing the ways in which they have become overly commercialized programs and thus avoid the application of antitrust and labor laws, or they could reform themselves by abandoning their connection to education and the subsidy that comes with it.
Author : Susan Ware
Publisher : Waveland Press
ISBN 13 : 1478622644
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (786 download)
Download or read book Title IX written by Susan Ware and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2014-05-05 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many know Title IX as groundbreaking legislation that protects people from sex-based discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. Yet, many do not know the history of women’s sports before Title IX, the history of the amendment, and the struggle for its implementation. These topics and more are discussed in Ware’s well-researched and reader-friendly Introduction, followed by 26 provocative, pertinent documents. The carefully selected writings, organized in chronological order, balance the views of policymakers, legislators, and commentators with the voices of individuals whose lives were shaped by the law. Ware purposely presents conflicting points of view to encourage analytical thinking and lively classroom discussion about gender equity, both in sports and in American society as a whole.
Author : Michael Leeds
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849809399
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)
Download or read book Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports written by Michael Leeds and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'In the Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports, Leeds and Leeds put together an impressive list of heavy hitters in the sociology and economics literature on sports to produce a tour de force volume. The entire spectrum of international perspectives is covered, from US, Korean, and Australian sports to world competition at the highest level of the Olympics and international championships. Whether your interest is attendance at women's events, performance and rewards in women's pro sports, gender issues in US college sports, or international performance and how women compete, this handbook is a must read for any serious fan, and for all serious scholars interested in the impacts of being female on sports performance and competitiveness.' Rodney Fort, University of Michigan, US 'Leeds and Leeds have filled a gaping hole in sports economics with this revealing collection of essays. The economics of women in sports has been too long neglected. By covering everything from women as sports spectators, to women as participants in individual and team sports at the collegiate and professional levels, to women's sports internationally, Title IX, and women's differential response to incentives, this volume not only demonstrates that there is much fertile ground to be studied, but also that the subject matter is both interesting and important.' Andrew Zimbalist, Smith College, US Women's sports have received much less attention from economists than from other social scientists. This Handbook fills that gap with a comprehensive economic analysis of women's sports. It also analyzes how the behavior and treatment of female athletes reflect broad economic forces. Contributors to this volume use current theoretical models and econometric tools to examine the legal, social, and economic forces that affect the experiences of female athletes. They address such traditional topics as discrimination against female athletes and coaches and the effect of athletic events on the economies of host countries. They also apply theory and estimation to new settings, such as how women respond to tournaments in skiing and figure skating or how the growing dominance of Korean women on the LPGA tour is a form of immigration. This groundbreaking book is a valuable resource for professors, students, and researchers in sports economics, sports management, and women's studies.
Author : Kelly McFall
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469672316
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)
Download or read book Changing the Game written by Kelly McFall and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2022-07-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing the Game is set at a fictional university in the mid-1990s. A debate over the role of athletics quickly expands to encompass demands that women's sports and athletes receive more resources and opportunities. The result is a firestorm of controversy on and off campus. Drawing on congressional testimonies from the Title IX hearings, players advance their views in student government meetings, talk radio shows, town meetings, and impromptu rallies. As students wrestle with questions of gender parity and the place of athletics in higher education, they learn about the implementation—and implications—of legal change in the United States.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Intercollegiate Sports: April 9, 1992 Title IX impact on women's participation in intercollegiate athletics and gender equity; Serial no. 102-140 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Valerie M. Bonnette
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Title IX Athletics Investigator's Manual written by Valerie M. Bonnette and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James N. Druckman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009338331
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Equality Unfulfilled written by James N. Druckman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 1972 is often hailed as an inflection point in the evolution of women's rights. Congress passed Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, a law that outlawed sex-based discrimination in education. Many Americans celebrate Title IX for having ushered in an era of expanded opportunity for women's athletics; yet fifty years after its passage, sex-based inequalities in college athletics remain the reality. Equality Unfulfilled explains why. The book identifies institutional roadblocks – including sex-based segregation, androcentric organizational cultures, and overbearing market incentives – that undermine efforts to achieve systemic change. Drawing on surveys with student-athletes, athletic administrators, college coaches, members of the public, and fans of college sports, it highlights how institutions shape attitudes toward gender equity policy. It offers novel lessons not only for those interested in college sports but for everyone seeking to understand the barriers that any marginalized group faces in their quest for equality.
Author : Gail F. Maloney
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (33 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Title IX on Women's Intercollegiate Athletics written by Gail F. Maloney and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Barb Landers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Implementing Title IX in Physical Education and Athletics written by Barb Landers and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Linda Jean Carpenter
Publisher : Human Kinetics Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9780736042390
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Title IX written by Linda Jean Carpenter and published by Human Kinetics Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Title IXdelivers a complete look at one of sport's critical gender equity issues. It goes beyond intercollegiate athletics to address Title IX in the context of sport, physical activity, recreation, intramurals, and physical education. From its enactment in 1972, Title IX has been often oversimplified or misunderstood by both advocates and critics of the legislation. Knowledgeable in the legal issues of sport and experienced in the administration of sport and physical education programs, the authors of Title IXoffer a balanced, comprehensive view of this issue, lending important insights into Title IX's requirements and application both now and when it was enacted. Title IX, the law, prohibits any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance from discriminating on the basis of sex. Title IX, the text, helps to clarify the law in a three-part progression that is accurate and accessible. In Part I,you will see Title IX's structure and requirements applied in different settings including physical education, intramurals and recreation, and athletics. Part IIthen provides a historical account of the social, legislative, and judicial environments in which Title IX has grown to maturity over the past three decades. Finally, part III examines Title IX in the 21st century, its impact on sport related programs, and continuing debates. Title IXwill also help you gain a solid understanding of the law itself. You will examine the actual wording of the law and related interpretive materials. You'll review significant lawsuits as you explore how the legislation has been interpreted and judicially clarified over the years in changing social and political climates. You'll find further clarifying information in summaries and questions and answers at the end of each chapter. Six appendixes provide pertinent excerpts from Title IX regulations, policy interpretations, letters of clarification, and an annotated list of other print and online resources. Whether you're looking for clarification of Title IX or for information on applying it in your programs, you'll find the information you need in Title IX.
Author : John Fizel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351564307
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Sports Economics Research written by John Fizel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wealth of data available on sports makes the industry a singular laboratory for observing economic and business behavior and theory. This unique reference on sports economics research provides a detailed perspective on the current state of the discipline. Covering both team and individual sports that include tennis, golf, and motor racing, the handbook explores what we know, what we do not know, what is stable, what is changing, what is certain, and what is controversial in sports economics. The expert contributors address issues in particular sports or comparisons among sports along major topics such as revenue and costs, labor markets, market structure, market outcomes, and public policy.
Author : Jessica Gavora
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Tilting the Playing Field written by Jessica Gavora and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it passed Title IX of the Civil Rights Act in 1972, Congress seemed to be doing something laudable and also long overdue-prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex in America's schools. But thirty years later, a law designed to guarantee equal opportunity has become the most explicit, government-enforced quota regime in America. Tilting the Playing Field is a trenchant insider's look at how one law--and its unintended consequences--has affected our view of sports, sex, and schools.
Author : Howard P Chudacoff
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252097882
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)
Download or read book Changing the Playbook written by Howard P Chudacoff and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2015-12-15 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Changing the Playbook, Howard P. Chudacoff delves into the background and what-ifs surrounding seven defining moments that redefined college sports. These changes involved fundamental issues--race and gender, profit and power--that reflected societal tensions and, in many cases, remain pertinent today: the failed 1950 effort to pass a Sanity Code regulating payments to football players; the thorny racial integration of university sports programs; the boom in television money; the 1984 Supreme Court decision that settled who could control skyrocketing media revenues; Title IX's transformation of women's athletics; the cheating, eligibility, and recruitment scandals that tarnished college sports in the 1980s and 1990s; the ongoing controversy over paying student athletes a share of the enormous moneys harvested by schools and athletic departments. A thought-provoking journey into the whos and whys of college sports history, Changing the Playbook reveals how the turning points of yesterday and today will impact tomorrow."
