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Author : John J. Jr Kent
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (397 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Coinsurance on the Demand for Prescription Drugs written by John J. Jr Kent and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ya-Seng Hsueh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Differential Effects of Co-payment and Co-insurance on the Use and Cost of Prescription Drugs written by Ya-Seng Hsueh and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arleen A. Leibowitz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book The Demand for Prescription Drugs as a Function of Cost-sharing written by Arleen A. Leibowitz and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Domenico Esposito
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135992126
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)
Download or read book Copayments and the Demand for Prescription Drugs written by Domenico Esposito and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing prescription drug cost-sharing by patients - in the form of increasing copayments - is one of the most striking, and controversial, developments in the health sector over recent years. The exact nature and use of copayments by health care insurers continues to be hot topic of debate. This detailed and meticulously researched study is one of the first of its kind: its results suggest that differences in copayments influence choice, shifting market share for these drugs. Differential copayments for medically equivalent alternatives is one strategy insurers use to affect the choice of one drug over another when faced with differing prices. Relative copayments for therapeutically equivalent drugs, imposed by insurers, are shown to have a significant impact on consumer choice – the implication being that physicians are acting in patients’ financial, as well as medical interest. Unlike much work in this area, Copayments and the Demand for Prescription Drugs is not sponsored by any drug company; and its up-to-date results, established on a firm scientific basis, are entirely unbiased. Its results have applications for the private insurance and pharmaceutical sectors as well as the public sector, and it will be of great interest to professionals and researchers in the fields of health economics, economic and healthcare policy-making, and microeconomics: its primary findings are especially critical to the United States public health sector which is on the cusp of providing a prescription drug benefit to nearly forty million elderly Americans.
Author : Charles E. Phelps
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (311 download)
Download or read book Coinsurance and the Demand for Medical Services written by Charles E. Phelps and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309468086
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Author : L. Jay Helms
Publisher : RAND Corporation
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Copayments and Demand for Medical Care written by L. Jay Helms and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 1978 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employing a Zellner-type indirect regression technique, and data from the 1972 California Copayment Experiment, the authors attempt to assess the impact of a copayment requirement on utilization of health care resources by the poor. Focus is on three questions regarding effects of an increase in out-of-pocket cost of physician office visits: (1) Will such an increase inhibit demand for ambulatory care? (2) Will it increase or decrease demand for hospitalization? (3) How will it affect total resource cost of health care services, both in and out of hospitals? The results indicate that a $1 copayment requirement apparently decreases demand for physician visits by 8 percent and increases demand for hospital inpatient services by 17 percent. Although the confidence intervals are large, point estimates indicate that copayment increases overall program costs by a statistically insignificant 3 to 8 percent. Thus copayments could be self-defeating as a method of controlling medical costs in a welfare population.
Author : Avi Dor
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)
Download or read book How Does Cost-Sharing Affect Drug Purchases? Insurance Regimes in the Private Market for Prescription Drugs written by Avi Dor and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Insurance for prescription drugs is characterized by two types of cost-sharing: flat copayments and variable coinsurance. We develop a theoretical model to show that refill purchases of preventive drugs (compliance) are lower under coinsurance due to the consumer's exposure to variation in drug prices. Coinsurance creates countervailing incentives. Consumers who never comply under flat copayments might find it optimal to comply if they drew a relatively low price under coinsurance. In contrast, consumers who always comply under flat copayments might stop complying if they drew a relatively high price under coinsurance. Our theory shows the second effect dominates under certain distributional assumptions about health states. Empirically, we derive comparable models for compliance behavior in the two regimes. Using claims data from eight large firms, we focus our analysis on diabetes, a common chronic condition that leads to severe complications when not continuously treated with medications. Propensity score methods are used to create matched samples for the two insurance regimes. We find that when coinsurance and flat copayments have the same expected out-of-pocket of $9, at least 34% of patients under copayments would fully comply and refill their medication over the next 90 days, compared to only 24% under coinsurance. Similarly, under copayments, moving from the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile of cost sharing results in a significantly lower shift into the non-compliance state compared with coinsurance. Thus, the empirical results confirm the main theoretical predictions. This research is a substantial revision and extension of our earlier 2004 NBER working paper no. 10738.
Author : Howard June Eng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (181 download)
Download or read book Economic Analysis of the Demand for Prescription Medicine in the United States written by Howard June Eng and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to understand the role of principle economic, sociodemographic and health status factors in determining the likelihood and volume of prescription drug use. Econometric demand regression models were developed for this purpose. Ten explanatory variables were examined: family income, coinsurance rate, age, sex, race, household head education level, size of family, health status, number of medical visits, and type of provider seen during medical visits. The economic factors (family income and coinsurance) were given special emphasis in this study.
Author : Amy Finkelstein
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231538685
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Moral Hazard in Health Insurance written by Amy Finkelstein and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the challenge of covering heath care expenses—while minimizing economic risks. Moral hazard—the tendency to change behavior when the cost of that behavior will be borne by others—is a particularly tricky question when considering health care. Kenneth J. Arrow’s seminal 1963 paper on this topic (included in this volume) was one of the first to explore the implication of moral hazard for health care, and Amy Finkelstein—recognized as one of the world’s foremost experts on the topic—here examines this issue in the context of contemporary American health care policy. Drawing on research from both the original RAND Health Insurance Experiment and her own research, including a 2008 Health Insurance Experiment in Oregon, Finkelstein presents compelling evidence that health insurance does indeed affect medical spending and encourages policy solutions that acknowledge and account for this. The volume also features commentaries and insights from other renowned economists, including an introduction by Joseph P. Newhouse that provides context for the discussion, a commentary from Jonathan Gruber that considers provider-side moral hazard, and reflections from Joseph E. Stiglitz and Kenneth J. Arrow. “Reads like a fireside chat among a group of distinguished, articulate health economists.” —Choice
Author : Jeanne S. Ringel
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 9780833031099
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)
Download or read book The Elasticity of Demand for Health Care written by Jeanne S. Ringel and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2002 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a framework for understanding the effects of changes in the Military Health System benefit structure on the demand for health care services paid for by the DoD.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309158060
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Rare Diseases and Orphan Products written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare diseases collectively affect millions of Americans of all ages, but developing drugs and medical devices to prevent, diagnose, and treat these conditions is challenging. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends implementing an integrated national strategy to promote rare diseases research and product development.
Author : Rand Corporation
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Rand Report written by Rand Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Medicare Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780788104688
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Pharmaceutical R&D written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the costs, risks, and economic rewards of pharmaceutical R&D and the impact of public policy on both costs and returns. Examines the rapid increase in pharmaceutical R&D that began in the 1980s in the light of trends in science, technology, drug discovery, and health insurance coverage; Government regulation; product liability; market competition; Federal tax policy; and Federal support of prescription drug research. 12 appendices, including a glossary of terms.
Author : Michelle Meadows
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Greater Access to Generic Drugs written by Michelle Meadows and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sandra Christensen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Behavioral Assumptions for Estimating the Effects of Health Care Proposals written by Sandra Christensen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
