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The Effect Of Intellectual Property Rights On Domestic Innovation In The Pharmaceutical Sector
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Book Synopsis The Effect of Intellectual Property Rights on Domestic Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Sector by : Simona Gamba
Download or read book The Effect of Intellectual Property Rights on Domestic Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Sector written by Simona Gamba and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of 74 countries. The identification strategy exploits the different timing across countries of two sets of IPR reforms. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for their distribution, count data models are used. A Zero Inated Negative Binomial model is adopted to consider the choice not to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries is roughly half of that for developed countries.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property, Pharmaceuticals and Public Health by : Kenneth C. Shadlen
Download or read book Intellectual Property, Pharmaceuticals and Public Health written by Kenneth C. Shadlen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This impressive collection offers fascinating new perspectives on the impact of pharmaceutical patents on access to medicines in developing countries. The volume's editors have put together an important book that sets out clearly the challenges to public health in a wide range of national contexts. The book will be a valuable text for all scholars and decision-makers interested in the global politics of intellectual property rights and public health.' – Duncan Matthews, Queen Mary, University of London, UK This up-to-date book examines pharmaceutical development, access to medicines, and the protection of public health in the context of two fundamental changes that the global political economy has undergone since the 1970s, the globalization of trade and production and the increased harmonization of national regulations on intellectual property rights. With authors from eleven different countries presenting case studies of national experiences in Africa, Asia and the Americas, the book analyzes national strategies to promote pharmaceutical innovation, while at the same time assuring widespread access to medicines through generic pharmaceutical production and generic pharmaceutical importation. The expert chapters focus on patents as well as an array of regulatory instruments, including pricing and drug registration policies. Presenting in-depth analysis and original empirical research, this book will strongly appeal to academics and students of intellectual property, international health, international political economy, international development and law.
Book Synopsis Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation - Intersections between Public Health, Intellectual Property and Trade by : World Intellectual Property Organization
Download or read book Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation - Intersections between Public Health, Intellectual Property and Trade written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.
Download or read book Negotiating Health written by Pedro Roffe and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In developing countries, access to affordable medicines for the treatment of diseases such as AIDS and malaria remains a matter of life or death. In Africa, for instance, more than one million children die each year from malaria alone, a figure which could soon be far higher with the extension of patent rules for pharmaceuticals. Previously, access to essential medicines was made possible by the supply of much cheaper generics, manufactured largely by India; from 2005, however, the availability of these drugs is threatened as new WTO rules take effect. Halting the spread of malaria and HIV/AIDS is one of the eight Millennium Goals adopted at the UN Millennium Summit, which makes this a timely and topical book. Informed analysis is provided by internationally renowned contributors who look at the post-2005 world and discuss how action may be taken to ensure that intellectual property regimes are interpreted and implemented in a manner supportive to the right to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all.
Book Synopsis Intellectual property rights and pharmaceuticals: The case of antibiotics by : World Intellectual Property Organization
Download or read book Intellectual property rights and pharmaceuticals: The case of antibiotics written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2015 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and diffusion of antibiotics contributed to large improvements in human health and living standards. The antibiotic revolution also spawned the modern pharmaceutical industry. This paper reviews the development of the early antibiotics, and the roles of intellectual property rights (in particular, patents) in their development and diffusion.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights and Pharmaceuticals by : Bhaven N. Sampat
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and Pharmaceuticals written by Bhaven N. Sampat and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and diffusion of antibiotics contributed to large improvements in human health and living standards. The antibiotic revolution also spawned the modern pharmaceutical industry. This paper reviews the development of the early antibiotics, and the roles of intellectual property rights (in particular, patents) in their development and diffusion. Though today the pharmaceutical sector is typically characterized as one industry where patents are absolutely essential for innovation incentives, patent incentives had a subtle role in the early years of the antibiotic revolution. Indeed, in successive stages of the antibiotic revolution there was increasing focus of pharmaceutical firms on patents and exclusivity. The new technologies shaped patent laws and practices as much as patents influenced innovation incentives: technology and institutions co-evolved. Beyond patents and intellectual property, wartime exigencies and several forms of university-industry collaboration also appear to have been important in supporting breakthrough antibiotic innovations.
Book Synopsis The Illusive Trade-off by : Basma Abdelgafar
Download or read book The Illusive Trade-off written by Basma Abdelgafar and published by . This book was released on 2006-12-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Egyptian pharmaceutical industry serves as a case study for understanding the impact of the global intellectual property regime in this fascinating new addition to the University of Toronto Press Studies in Comparative Political Economy and Public Policy Series. The Illusive Trade-off examines the Egyptian pharmaceutical industry within a broader context of intellectual property policy making and the multilateral agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). Basma Abdelgafar offers a fascinating discussion of Egypt's role in the trade negotiations that led to the establishment of the World Trade Organization, and makes the case that predominant perspectives on intellectual property rights are based on the false assumption that the innovation process is discrete and segmented. Abdelgafar contends that, in fact, innovation relies upon diffusion, and that inappropriately strong property rights interfere with this process. She uses the case of Egypt's pharmaceutical industry to argue that we must consider relevant aspects of individual countries' systems of innovation as well as public health, if we are to adequately understand the implication of stronger patent protection for the pharmaceutical industries of developing nations. The Illusive Trade-off is an original and important study crossing the disciplines of political science, law, public policy, and public health.
Book Synopsis Contemporary Issues in Pharmaceutical Patent Law by : Bryan Mercurio
Download or read book Contemporary Issues in Pharmaceutical Patent Law written by Bryan Mercurio and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection reflects on contemporary and contentious issues in international rulemaking in regards to pharmaceutical patent law. With chapters from both well-established and rising scholars, the collection contributes to the understanding of the regulatory framework governing pharmaceutical patents as an integrated discipline through the assessment of relevant laws, trends and policy options. Focusing on patent law and related pharmaceutical regulations, the collection addresses the pressing issues governments face in an attempt to resolve policy dilemmas involving competing interests, needs and objectives. The common theme running throughout the collection is the need for policy and law makers to think and act in a systemic manner and to be more reflective and responsive in finding new solutions within and outside the patent system to the long-standing problems as well as emerging challenges
Book Synopsis Access to Medicines and Vaccines by : Carlos M. Correa
Download or read book Access to Medicines and Vaccines written by Carlos M. Correa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is an outcome of a partnership between the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Innovation and Competition and the South Centre, which jointly organized a Global Forum on Intellectual Property, Access to Medicine and Innovation in Munich on 9-10 December 2019"--Page v
Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Innovation, Competition and Patent Law by : Josef Drexl
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Innovation, Competition and Patent Law written by Josef Drexl and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public health, safety and access to reasonably priced medicine are common policy goals of pharmaceutical regulations. As both the context for innovation and competitive structure change, industry actors dynamically challenge the balance between the incentive for protection and the achievement of those policy goals. Considering the arguments from the perspectives of innovation, competition law and patent law, this book explores the difficult question of balancing protection with access, highlighting the difficulties in harmonization and coordination. The contributors to this book, including academics, judges and practitioners from Europe, the US and Japan, explore to what extent patent strategies and life-cycle management practices take advantage of patent laws and health-care regulation and disrupt the necessary balance between incentives for innovation and access to affordable medicine and health care. Addressing fundamental questions in the field of pharmaceutical innovation, this book will appeal to scholars and practitioners in intellectual property, competition law and life sciences regulation, as well as pharmaceutical companies and regulators.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights and the Life Science Industries by : Graham Dutfield
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and the Life Science Industries written by Graham Dutfield and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a highly readable and entertaining account of the co-evolution of the patent system and the life science industries since the mid-19th century. The pharmaceutical industries have their origins in advances in synthetic chemistry and in natural products research. Both approaches to drug discovery and business have shaped patent law, as have the lobbying activities of the firms involved and their supporters in the legal profession. In turn, patent law has impacted on the life science industries. Compared to the first edition, which told this story for the first time, the present edition focuses more on specific businesses, products and technologies, including Bayer, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, aspirin, penicillin, monoclonal antibodies and polymerase chain reaction. Another difference is that this second edition also looks into the future, addressing new areas such as systems biology, stem cell research, and synthetic biology, which promises to enable scientists to OC inventOCO life forms from scratch.
Book Synopsis Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation - Intersections between Public Health, Intellectual Property and Trade. by : World Intellectual Property Organization
Download or read book Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation - Intersections between Public Health, Intellectual Property and Trade. written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study seeks to reinforce the understanding of the interplay between the distinct policy domains of health, trade and intellectual property, and of how they affect medical innovation and access to medical technologies. The second edition comprehensively reviews new developments in key areas since the initial launch of the study in 2013.
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers and Pharmaceutical Innovation by : Chun-Yu Ho
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers and Pharmaceutical Innovation written by Chun-Yu Ho and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic innovation based on a data set covering the pharmaceutical industries across 29 provinces in the People's Republic of China (PRC) over the period 1998-2007. We show that there is a negative horizontal spillover effect of FDI on domestic innovation when the intellectual property rights (IPR) regime is weak. This spillover effect became more positive when the IPR regime |strengthened after the PRC's accession to the World Trade Organization) (WTO) in 2001. We also show that there is a positive upstream spillover effect of FDI on domestic suppliers of pharmaceutical intermediates. Taken together, our findings provide important policy implications on why developing countries should encourage FDI and strengthen the IPR regime together to enhance domestic innovation for promoting productivity and economic growth.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property and Health Technologies by : Joanna T. Brougher
Download or read book Intellectual Property and Health Technologies written by Joanna T. Brougher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-08 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intellectual Property and Health Technologies Balancing Innovation and the Public's Health Joanna T. Brougher, Esq., MPH At first glance, ownership of intellectual property seems straightforward: the control over an invention or idea. But with the recent explosion of new scientific discoveries poised to transform public health and healthcare systems, costly and lengthy patent disputes threaten both to undermine the attempts to develop new medical technologies and to keep potentially life-saving treatments from patients who need them. Intellectual Property and Health Technologies grounds readers in patent law and explores how scientific research and enterprise are evolving in response. Geared specifically to the medical disciplines, it differentiates among forms of legal protection for inventors such as copyrights and patents, explains their limits, and argues for balance between competing forces of exclusivity and availability. Chapters delve into the major legal controversies concerning medical and biotechnologies in terms of pricing, markets, and especially the tension between innovation and access, including: The patent-eligibility of genes The patent-eligibility of medical process patents The rights and roles of universities and inventors The balancing of access, innovation, and profit in drug development The tension between biologics, small-molecule drugs, and their generic counterparts International patent law and access to medicine in the developing world As these issues continue to shape and define the debate, Intellectual Property and Health Technologies enables professionals and graduate students in public health, health policy, healthcare administration, and medicine to understand patent law and how it affects the development of medical technology and the delivery of medicine.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World by : Monirul Azam
Download or read book Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World written by Monirul Azam and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the world, developing countries are attempting to balance the international standards of intellectual property concerning pharmaceutical patents against the urgent need for accessible and affordable medicines. In this timely and necessary book, Monirul Azam examines the attempts of several developing countries to walk this fine line. He evaluates the experiences of Brazil, China, India, and South Africa for lessons to guide Bangladesh and developing nations everywhere. Azam's legal expertise, concern for public welfare, and compelling grasp of principal case studies make Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World a definitive work. The developing world is striving to meet the requirements of the World Trade Organization's TRIPS Agreement on intellectual property. This book sets out with lucidity and insight the background of the TRIPS Agreement and its implications for pharmaceutical patents, the consequences for developing countries, and the efforts of certain representative nations to comply with international stipulations while still maintaining local industry and public health. Azam then brings the weight of this research to bear on the particular case of Bangladesh, offering a number of specific policy recommendations for the Bangladeshi government—and for governments the world over. Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World is a must-read for public policy-makers, academics and students, non-governmental organizations, and readers everywhere who are interested in making sure that developing nations meet the health care needs of their people.
Book Synopsis Balancing Wealth and Health by : Rochelle Dreyfuss
Download or read book Balancing Wealth and Health written by Rochelle Dreyfuss and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The research strategy, concepts, and methodologies developed in this book repay careful consideration not only for fruitful deployment to examine dynamics of health and intelectual property in other regions, but also for generating innovative insights in other fields of global regulatory governance"--Foreword.
Book Synopsis Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase International Technology Transfer? by : Lee Branstetter
Download or read book Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase International Technology Transfer? written by Lee Branstetter and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the alleged benefits of the recent global movement to strengthen intellectual property rights (IPRs) is that such reforms accelerate transfers of technology between countries. Branstetter, Fisman, and Foley examine how technology transfer among U.S. multinational firms changes in response to a series of IPR reforms undertaken by 12 countries over the 1982-99 period. Their analysis of detailed firm-level data reveal that royalty payments for intangibles transferred to affiliates increase at the time of reforms, as do affiliate research and development (R & D) expenditures and total levels of foreign patent applications. Increases in royalty payments and R & D expenditures are more than 20 percent larger among affiliates of parent companies that use U.S. patents more extensively prior to reform and therefore are expected to value IPR reform most. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the global impact of stronger intellectual property rights.
