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The Economics Of Quarantine And The Sps Agreement
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Book Synopsis The Economics of Quarantine and the SPS Agreement by : Kym Anderson
Download or read book The Economics of Quarantine and the SPS Agreement written by Kym Anderson and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, culminating in the GATT Secretariat being transformed into the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 1 January 1995, has altered forever the process of quarantine policymaking by national governments. On the one hand, WTO member countries retain the right to protect the life and health of their people, plants and animals from the risks of hazards such as pests and diseases arising from the importation of goods. On the other hand, the WTO's Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement) requires that quarantine measures be determined in a manner that is transparent, consistent, scientifically based, and the least trade-restrictive. This collection resulted from an international workshop funded and organised by Biosecurity Australia, the agency of government responsible for analysing Australia's quarantine import risks and for negotiating multilateral SPS rules and less restrictive access to overseas markets for Australian produce. The workshop, which was held at the Melbourne Business School on 24-25 October 2000, brought together a distinguished group of applied economists and quarantine policy analysts whose focus involves regions as disparate as Europe, North America, Africa, Asia and New Zealand, in addition to Australia.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Quarantine and the SPS Agreement by : Kym Anderson
Download or read book The Economics of Quarantine and the SPS Agreement written by Kym Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection resulted from an international workshop funded and organised by Biosecurity Australia, the agency of government responsible for analysing Australia's quarantine import risks and for negotiating multilateral SPS rules and less restrictive access to overseas markets for Australian produce. The workshop, which was held at the Melbourne Business School on 24-25 October 2000, brought together a distinguished group of applied economists and quarantine policy analysts whose focus involves regions as disparate as Europe, North America, Africa, Asia and New Zealand, in addition to Australia. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Book Synopsis On the Need for More Economic Assessment of Quarantine/SPS Policies by : Sallie James
Download or read book On the Need for More Economic Assessment of Quarantine/SPS Policies written by Sallie James and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plant Pest Risk Analysis by : Christina Devorshak
Download or read book Plant Pest Risk Analysis written by Christina Devorshak and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides instruction on the concepts and application of risk analysis in the field of regulatory plant protection, covering topics such as the background on why and how risk analysis is conducted and specific methods for implementing risk analysis. This book also provides useful exercises and case studies to aid students of plant pathology and crop protection in their absorption of the subject. Equally useful for practitioners, this book is written by experts with a wealth of national and international experience.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Regulations on Agro-Food Trade The Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreements by : OECD
Download or read book The Impact of Regulations on Agro-Food Trade The Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreements written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2003-12-22 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines pertinent issues at the interface between domestic policy objectives, technical regulations and agricultural trade. It also discusses approaches to measuring the trade impacts of food safety and other technical measures.
Author :Alfons Oude Lansink Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9781402058264 Total Pages :220 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (582 download)
Book Synopsis New Approaches to the Economics of Plant Health by : Alfons Oude Lansink
Download or read book New Approaches to the Economics of Plant Health written by Alfons Oude Lansink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-17 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world trade of plants and plant products is gradually increasing in both quantity and variety. Also, as more and more citizens are nowadays travelling to distant destinations, there is an increased risk of unintentionally importing harmful organisms and invasive species. Governments respond to increased phytosanitary risks by imposing trade-restricting measures. However, they are under increasing pressure of the private sector and the World Trade Organization to justify costly and trade-restricting phytosanitary policies. On the other side, current phytosanitary policies are required to account for impacts on the environment. This book presents a number of recent scientific developments regarding the economic analysis of impacts that harmful organisms have on agriculture and the environment, and of measures to control these organisms. It also contains a number of new approaches that integrate economic and epidemiological modelling and economic approaches for measuring these impacts.
Book Synopsis Wto And Environment-related International Trade Disputes, The: Biosecurity And Ecosystem Services Risks by : Robert Fraser
Download or read book Wto And Environment-related International Trade Disputes, The: Biosecurity And Ecosystem Services Risks written by Robert Fraser and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This well-written and highly readable book makes a major contribution to advancing our understanding of the contribution that economics can make to analysing the impact of international trade policies for environmental risks … Regardless of the likelihood that the current WTO dispute settlement procedures can be changed in the way suggested by the authors of this book, it is essential reading for those interested in the contribution that economics can make to advancing our understanding of the implications of international trade law for environmental issues.'Journal of Agricultural EconomicsWe live in a world that is increasingly dependent on international trade in a context of substantial regional/national political tensions. Adding to this is an emerging understanding and concern about the social impact of biosecurity and ecosystem services risks associated with such trade. As the key international trade 'arbiter', the World Trade Organization (WTO) has never before faced such complexity within its decision-making remit.With increasing numbers of bilateral and regional agreements, as well as new developments emerging such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) initiated by multi-national corporations in 2018, the WTO needs to implement ways of reinforcing its legitimacy and enhancing its relevance.This book provides an original analysis of these linked developments and delivers a timely contribution to resolving environment-related international trade disputes. It provides a clear roadmap for improving WTO trade dispute resolution procedures so both biosecurity and ecosystem services risks are considered in evaluating the social, economic and environmental impacts of international trade proposals. In so doing, the WTO should deliver enhanced multilateral social welfare.
Download or read book Transitions written by Peter W Newton and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2008-06-27 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formidable challenges confront Australia and its human settlements: the mega-metro regions, major and provincial cities, coastal, rural and remote towns. The key drivers of change and major urban vulnerabilities have been identified and principal among them are resource-constraints, such as oil, water, food, skilled labour and materials, and carbon-constraints, linked to climate change and a need to transition to renewable energy, both of which will strongly shape urban development this century. Transitions identifies 21st century challenges to the resilience of Australia’s cities and regions that flow from a range of global and local influences, and offers a portfolio of solutions to these critical problems and vulnerabilities. The solutions will require fundamental transitions in many instances: to our urban infrastructures, to our institutions and how they plan for the future, and perhaps most of all to ourselves in terms of our lifestyles and consumption patterns. With contributions from 92 researchers - all leaders in their respective fields - this book offers the expertise to chart pathways for a sustainability transition.
Book Synopsis Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries by : M. Ataman Aksoy
Download or read book Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries written by M. Ataman Aksoy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-11-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries presents research findings based on a series of commodity studies of significant economic importance to developing countries. The book sets the stage with background chapters and investigations of cross-cutting issues. It then describes trade and domestic policy regimes affecting agricultural and food markets, and assesses the resulting patterns of production and trade. The book continues with an analysis of product standards and costs of compliance and their effects on agricultural and food trade. The book also investigates the impact of preferences given to selected countries and their effectiveness, then reviews the evidence on the attempts to decouple agricultural support from agricultural output. The last background chapter explores the robustness of the global gains of multilateral agricultural and food trade liberalization. Given this context, the book presents detailed commodity studies for coffee, cotton, dairy, fruits and vegetables, groundnuts, rice, seafood products, sugar, and wheat. These markets feature distorted policy regimes among industrial or middle-income countries. The studies analyze current policy regimes in key producing and consuming countries, document the magnitude of these distortions and estimate the distributional impacts - winners and losers - of trade and domestic policy reforms. By bringing the key issues and findings together in one place, Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries aids policy makers and researchers, both in their approach to global negotiations and in evaluating their domestic policies on agriculture. The book also complements the recently published Agriculture and the WTO, which focuses primarily on the agricultural issues within the context of the WTO negotiations.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Integrated Pest Management of Insects by : David W Onstad
Download or read book The Economics of Integrated Pest Management of Insects written by David W Onstad and published by CABI. This book was released on 2019-09-02 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book begins by establishing an economic framework upon which to apply the principles of IPM. Then, it looks at the entomological applications of economics, specifically, economic analyses concerning chemical, biological, cultural, and genetic control tactics as well as host plant resistance and the cost of sampling. Lastly it evaluates whether the control provided by a traditional IPM system is sufficient, or if changes to the system design would yield greater benefits.
Book Synopsis Plant Biosecurity Policy Evaluation: The Economic Impacts Of Pests And Diseases by : Fraser Robert
Download or read book Plant Biosecurity Policy Evaluation: The Economic Impacts Of Pests And Diseases written by Fraser Robert and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good biosecurity policy decisions, particularly in relation to plant industry protection, are of ever increasing importance. Growth in the speed and diversity of trade, the effects of climate change and the resultant spread of pests and diseases continue to highlight this. This book contains an introduction to the issues confronting plant biosecurity policymakers and how the economic risks of invasive species can be assessed over time. It describes both probability models that show what might happen if species 'invade' a region and values models that help decide what management actions should be taken. As the first book of its kind focusing on a comprehensive range of policies, case studies and applications, Plant Biosecurity Policy Evaluation is perfect for biosecurity policy makers, decision-support specialists, advanced students of agricultural studies, public policy and invasive species research.
Book Synopsis Incorporating Science, Economics, and Sociology in Developing Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards in International Trade by : National Research Council
Download or read book Incorporating Science, Economics, and Sociology in Developing Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards in International Trade written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid expansion of international trade has brought to the fore issues of conflicting national regulations in the area of plant, animal, and human health. These problems include the concern that regulations designed to protect health can also be used for protection of domestic producers against international competition. At a time when progressive tariff reform has opened up markets and facilitated trade, in part responding to consumer demands for access to a wide choice of products and services at reasonable prices, closer scrutiny of regulatory measures has become increasingly important. At the same time, there are clear differences among countries and cultures as to the types of risk citizens are willing to accept. The activities of this conference were based on the premise that risk analyses (i.e., risk assessment, management, and communication) are not exclusively the domain of the biological and natural sciences; the social sciences play a prominent role in describing how people in different contexts perceive and respond to risks. Any effort to manage sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) issues in international trade must integrate all the sciences to develop practices for risk assessment, management, and communication that recognize international diversity in culture, experience, and institutions. Uniform international standards can help, but no such norms are likely to be acceptable to all countries. Political and administrative structures also differ, causing differences in approaches and outcomes even when basic aims are compatible. Clearly there is considerable room for confusion and mistrust. The issue is how to balance the individual regulatory needs and approaches of countries with the goal of promoting freer trade. This issue arises not only for SPS standards but also in regard to regulations that affect other areas such as environmental quality, working conditions, and the exercise of intellectual property rights. This conference focused on these issues in the specific area of SPS measures. This area includes provisions to protect plant and animal health and life and, more generally, the environment, and regulations that protect humans from foodborne risks. The Society for Risk Analysis defines a risk as the potential for realization of unwanted, adverse consequences to human life, health, property, or the environment; estimation of risk is usually based on the expected value of the conditional probability of the event occurring times the consequence of the event given that it has occurred. The task of this conference and of this report was to elucidate the place of science, culture, politics, and economics in the design and implementation of SPS measures and in their international management. The goal was to explore the critical roles and the limitations of the biological and natural sciences and the social sciences, such as economics, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and political science in the management of SPS issues and in judging whether particular SPS measures create unacceptable barriers to international trade. The conference's objective also was to consider the elements that would compose a multidisciplinary analytical framework for SPS decision making and needs for future research.
Book Synopsis The WTO and the Regulation of International Trade by : Nicholas Perdikis
Download or read book The WTO and the Regulation of International Trade written by Nicholas Perdikis and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The book is an excellent introduction to understanding the principal trade disputes between the United States and EU over the last decade and a half.' - International Trade Law and Regulation This book provides a critical overview and assessment of the WTO's dispute settlement procedures in the context of several recent trade-related disputes between the EU and the US.
Author :International Trade Law Center Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :0387226885 Total Pages :3117 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (872 download)
Book Synopsis The World Trade Organization by : International Trade Law Center
Download or read book The World Trade Organization written by International Trade Law Center and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 3117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors have succeeded in bringing together an excellent mix of leading scholars and practitioners. No book on the WTO has had this wide a scope before or covered the legal framework, economic and political issues, current and would-be countries and a outlook to the future like these three volumes do. 3000 pages, 80 chapters in 3 volumes cover a very interdiscplinary field that touches upon law, economics and politics.
Download or read book Biosecurity written by Andrew Dobson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosecurity is the assessment and management of potentially dangerous infectious diseases, quarantined pests, invasive (alien) species, living modified organisms, and biological weapons. It is a holistic concept of direct relevance to the sustainability of agriculture, food safety, and the protection of human populations (including bio-terrorism), the environment, and biodiversity. Biosecurity is a relatively new concept that has become increasingly prevalent in academic, policy and media circles, and needs a more comprehensive and inter-disciplinary approach to take into account mobility, globalisation and climate change. In this introductory volume, biosecurity is presented as a governance approach to a set of concerns that span the protection of indigenous biological organisms, agricultural systems and human health, from invasive pests and diseases. It describes the ways in which biosecurity is understood and theorized in different subject disciplines, including anthropology, political theory, ecology, geography and environmental management. It examines the different scientific and knowledge practices connected to biosecurity governance, including legal regimes, ecology, risk management and alternative knowledges. The geopolitics of biosecurity is considered in terms of health, biopolitics and trade governance at the global scale. Finally, biosecurity as an approach to actively secure the future is assessed in the context of future risk and uncertainties, such as globalization and climate change.
Book Synopsis The Power to Protect by : Catherine Button
Download or read book The Power to Protect written by Catherine Button and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2004-12-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the intersection of WTO trade liberalisation rules and domestic health protection, a subject that is of considerable interest to those concerned that the WTO impinges on national regulatory autonomy. In analysing the tension between health protection and trade liberalisation, the book focuses on the way in which this tension is (or is not) resolved through the dispute resolution process. It offers a detailed analysis of the relevant WTO rules and case law, identifying particular concerns relating to the ability of WTO Members to take protective action in circumstances of scientific uncertainty and the role of social and cultural factors in the making of health-related regulations. The nature of scientific evidence and the extent to which the scientific process internalises uncertainty is further explored, drawing on documentation relating to the theory and conduct of scientific risk assessment. Despite the popularity of the precautionary principle in some quarters, it is suggested that it may not be advisable for the WTO to adopt that principle. Rather, further attention should be paid to the role that the standard of review might play in easing the tensions that arise when a sovereign state's health regulations are reviewed by the WTO. The origins of the WTO's 'objective assessment' standard of review are explained, but the standard itself is criticised. Options for developing the standard of review are considered, with a 'reasonable regulator' standard based on the Asbestos case proposed. The book takes a comparative approach, drawing on ECJ cases reviewing Member State and Community health measures as well as US judicial review and commerce clause cases.
Book Synopsis Genetically Modified Food by : Marie Kreipe
Download or read book Genetically Modified Food written by Marie Kreipe and published by Diplomica Verlag. This book was released on 2010 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The controversial issue of genetically modified (GM) food is discussed in this book. While the United States (US) is a strong supporter of GM technology having adopted a rather lax regulation of trade with GM products, the European Union (EU) is representing a sceptical position towards this new technology and has even imposed a de facto moratorium on further approval of GM products from 1998 to 2004. The purpose of this book is an extensive analysis of the current status on risks and benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and a suggestion on how an appropriate regulation of GM products could be derived. Potential guidelines are provided for policy formulation both in a qualitative and in a quantitative dimension. The US is applying the principle of substantial equivalence, which means that GM products are in their substance identical to products produced by conventional methods. Therefore, no new regulations are necessary for the trade with GM products. In contrast, the European Union (EU) disagrees that GM products are equivalent to their conventional counterparts due to the different production process. Instead, the EU refers to the precautionary principle in its GMO policy, meaning that trade with GM products should be restricted until it will be proven that no additional risks are implied by the use of these products. The divergence of opinions about the right policy to regulate GM products has significant impacts on trade flows and welfare effects. The US and the EU have already tried to resolve their dispute before the World Trade Organization (WTO). Relevant laws of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the WTO are presented as well as indications for a potential consensus.
