Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports

Download Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849809399
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports by : Michael Leeds

Download or read book Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports written by Michael Leeds and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'In the Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports, Leeds and Leeds put together an impressive list of heavy hitters in the sociology and economics literature on sports to produce a tour de force volume. The entire spectrum of international perspectives is covered, from US, Korean, and Australian sports to world competition at the highest level of the Olympics and international championships. Whether your interest is attendance at women's events, performance and rewards in women's pro sports, gender issues in US college sports, or international performance and how women compete, this handbook is a must read for any serious fan, and for all serious scholars interested in the impacts of being female on sports performance and competitiveness.' Rodney Fort, University of Michigan, US 'Leeds and Leeds have filled a gaping hole in sports economics with this revealing collection of essays. The economics of women in sports has been too long neglected. By covering everything from women as sports spectators, to women as participants in individual and team sports at the collegiate and professional levels, to women's sports internationally, Title IX, and women's differential response to incentives, this volume not only demonstrates that there is much fertile ground to be studied, but also that the subject matter is both interesting and important.' Andrew Zimbalist, Smith College, US Women's sports have received much less attention from economists than from other social scientists. This Handbook fills that gap with a comprehensive economic analysis of women's sports. It also analyzes how the behavior and treatment of female athletes reflect broad economic forces. Contributors to this volume use current theoretical models and econometric tools to examine the legal, social, and economic forces that affect the experiences of female athletes. They address such traditional topics as discrimination against female athletes and coaches and the effect of athletic events on the economies of host countries. They also apply theory and estimation to new settings, such as how women respond to tournaments in skiing and figure skating or how the growing dominance of Korean women on the LPGA tour is a form of immigration. This groundbreaking book is a valuable resource for professors, students, and researchers in sports economics, sports management, and women's studies.

The Economics of Gender and Sport

Download The Economics of Gender and Sport PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000638138
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Gender and Sport by : Vani Kant Borooah

Download or read book The Economics of Gender and Sport written by Vani Kant Borooah and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-26 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While women’s cricket, and women’s sport in general, has gained enormously in popularity in terms of both spectators and TV audiences, comparatively little is known about it and its participants, and there are few, if any, quantitative assessments of the game. The Economics of Gender and Sport: A Quantitative Analysis of Women’s Cricket fills that gap. The work analyses the different forms of cricket - Test cricket, One-day, T20 – and is based on the latest sets of available data. It seeks to answer questions such as how well female cricketers play, how well they are paid, who the superstars are, and how competitive women’s cricket is. It also examines more general issues which affect men’s cricket too, with the over-arching theme of this book being inequality. First, the chapters discuss inequality in the distribution of luck. The book discusses the importance of luck in cricket and suggests a way of distinguishing between luck and ability in determining match outcomes. Second there is access inequality, which means that players from certain groups have an advantage in terms of being chosen to play in representative teams. Third, there is inequality in tournament outcomes, and this carries implications for the degree of competitive balance in contests between teams. Fourth is the issue of inequality in the quality of umpiring in men’s and women’s cricket. Fifth, there is inequality between men and women in their respective remunerations as cricketeers. Lastly, there is inequality in performance between players: the book explains how batting and bowling averages can be adjusted to better reflect player performance. The volume will find an audience among advanced students and researchers in sports economics, sports-related and gender studies. More generally, it will appeal to lovers of cricket who wish to read about the game in terms which are more than simply anecdotal.

The Economics of Sports

Download The Economics of Sports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351684507
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Sports by : Michael A. Leeds

Download or read book The Economics of Sports written by Michael A. Leeds and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sports industry provides a seemingly endless set of examples from every area of microeconomics, giving students the opportunity to study economics in a context that holds their interest. Thoroughly updated to reflect the current sports landscape, The Economics of Sports introduces core economic concepts and theories and applies them to American and international sports. Updates for this sixth edition include: More coverage of international sports, including European football; A revised chapter on competitive balance, reflecting new techniques; A brand-new chapter on mega-events such as the Olympics and World Cup; New material on umpire bias; A completely redesigned chapter on amateur competition that focuses exclusively on intercollegiate sports. This chapter is also now modular, enabling instructors who wish to intersperse it with the other chapters to do so with greater ease. This accessible text is supported by a companion website which includes resources for students and instructors. It is the perfect text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on sports economics.

The Economics of Gender and Sport

Download The Economics of Gender and Sport PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781032109602
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Gender and Sport by : Vani K. Borooah

Download or read book The Economics of Gender and Sport written by Vani K. Borooah and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While women's cricket, and women's sport in general, has gained enormously in popularity in terms of both spectators and TV audiences, comparatively little is known about it and its participants, and there are few, if any, quantitative assessments of the game. This book fills that gap.

Sport, Gender and Development

Download Sport, Gender and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1838678638
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (386 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sport, Gender and Development by : Lyndsay M.C. Hayhurst

Download or read book Sport, Gender and Development written by Lyndsay M.C. Hayhurst and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-10 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ebook edition of this title is Open Access, thanks to Knowledge Unlatched funding, and freely available to read online. Sport, Gender and Development brings together an exploration of sport feminisms to offer new approaches to research on Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) in global and local contexts.

Economics Of Intercollegiate Sports, The (Second Edition)

Download Economics Of Intercollegiate Sports, The (Second Edition) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9814583391
Total Pages : 732 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Economics Of Intercollegiate Sports, The (Second Edition) by : John C Leadley

Download or read book Economics Of Intercollegiate Sports, The (Second Edition) written by John C Leadley and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-10-21 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do universities place so much emphasis on athletics? Are the salaries of head coaches excessive? Should student-athletes be paid? Why is there so much cheating in college sports? Should athletic departments be subsidized by the university? Does Title IX unfairly discriminate against men's sports? This textbook is designed to help teach students about the business of college sports, particularly the big-money sports of football and basketball, allowing them to answer these and other important questions. The book provides undergraduate students with the information and economic tools to analyze the behavior of the NCAA, athletic conferences, and individual colleges and universities in the market for college sports. Specific topics include the markets for athletes and coaches, the importance of athletics for colleges and universities, the finances of athletic departments, the influence of the media in commercializing college sports, issues of race and gender, and the possibilities for reforming college sports.

Handbook on the Economics of Sport

Download Handbook on the Economics of Sport PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1847204074
Total Pages : 849 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (472 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook on the Economics of Sport by : Wladimir Andreff

Download or read book Handbook on the Economics of Sport written by Wladimir Andreff and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors should be commended for taking on such a big task, and succeeding so well. This book should be in the library of every institution where students have to write a paper that may be related to sport, or on the shelf of any lecturer teaching economics or public finance who has even a remote interest in sport. The material is very accessible, and useful in many different settings. Ruud H. Koning, Jahrbücher f. Nationalökonomie u. Statistik Edward Elgar s brilliant market niche is identifying a topic in economics, finding editors who know the area backwards and challenging them to assemble the best cross-section of relevant articles either already published or newly commissioned. Handbook on the Economics of Sport is Edward Elgar at its very best. If you love economics you ll find many fascinating insights here; if you love sport but know little economics then this book is mostly accessible and will teach you a lot; and if you are a sports-mad economist then you will be in hog heaven. Furthermore, if, like this reviewer, you are broadly very sceptical about the reports consultants produce for governments on the supposed economic windfall from hosting a big event or subsidising a stadium then you will get a lot of good counter-arguments in this volume. Indeed there are several chapters on the above theme that I m sure I ll be copying frequently to government officials in years to come. . . The demand for sport is a fascinating subject and it is hard to pick out just one chapter from the second section. Read them all they make a wonderful 65-page treat. . . Part VI was a real feast, a smorgasbord. . . This is a magnificent piece of work and the 36-page index rounds it all off splendidly. John Blundell, Economic Affairs The book covers the most important areas of research of an emerging economic sub-discipline spanning the past half a century. It serves admirably the purpose of an introduction into the rich and growing area of reflection for all concerned. . . the editors and authors of the Handbook have done a commendable job of accumulating sophisticated material for many economists, managers, politicians and self-conscious fans, who are sure to find excellent training ground for the whole heptathlon. . . This book will be invaluable for advanced students investigating professional sport. From the point of view of lawyers, particularly those engaged with the relationship between law and sports governance, the Handbook offers invaluable analysis of the economic issues that are alluded to in those debates but rarely examined in detail. . . These insights will also prove useful for policy analysts and sports administrators for whom many sections should be considered mandatory reading. Aleksander Sulejewicz, Journal of Contemporary European Research Over 800 pages on the economics of sport. What a feast! What a treat! The editors have done a wonderful job both in terms of breadth from David Beckham to child labour in Pakistan and depth, tournaments and luxury taxes for example. . . The 86 chapters are uniformly of a very high standard and illuminating. And there are real gems in some of the contributions. British Journal on the Economics of Sport This very interesting and comprehensive book achieves its objective, namely to present an overview of research in sports economics at an introductory level. . . [The editors] have produced an excellent reference book that belongs in all academic institutions libraries. It provides extensive introduction to the growing body of literature in the rising field of economics of sport. The book s relevant monographs should be read by institutions, cities and countries prior to their committing major resources towards sports facilities or a sporting event. James Angresano, Journal of Sports Economics One could think of this book as the sports-and-economics counterpart to Joy of Cooking, because it will satisfy the needs of those with a keen interest in such subjects as the

Women, Media and Sport

Download Women, Media and Sport PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452254672
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women, Media and Sport by : Pamela J. Creedon

Download or read book Women, Media and Sport written by Pamela J. Creedon and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1994-02-14 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book [is] . . . well researched. Chapters by contributing authors enhance the breadth of the content both from a cultural and media perspective. Individuals interested in the history of women′s sports and particularly in gender issues as related to varying media will find this volume informative. . . . Upper-division undergraduate through professional. --Choice "Chapters by different authors make a splendid reference work on the history of women in sports, women′s sports magazines, examples of discrimination against women in sports and women sports reporters, and, of course, the proverbial locker-room access controversies are reviewed here." --Editor & Publisher "Pamela Creedon has hit a homerun that challenges assumptions about the relationship between women, media, and sports. This impressive collection of research helps redefine a playing field that until now had overwhelmingly male boundaries. This is a fabulous book!" --Susan Henry, California State University, Northridge "Women, Media, and Sport is a path-breaking book in mass media research. Not only does it provide a well-researched history of the women who report sports news and the media images of women in sports, but it also skillfully applies critical feminist theories to examine the context of these media messages and effects. It opens new research subjects and models for integrating media effects and cultural/critical studies research." --Marion T. Marzolf, The University of Michigan "This is a fascinating book that uses as its starting point a definition of sport as a cultural institution, rather than concentrating on the activities and games that make up the sports component. The book examines important ′sport′ metaphors and symbols, placing women and the media on a contextual playing field. I was struck by the fact that all the chapters are written by women who are asking myriad questions about journalistic norms, about media values, and about news conventions in the world of sport. These questions have not been asked by mainstream male journalists or writers covering sports. This distinctive point of view makes Women, Media, and Sport a valuable addition to any women′s studies, media studies, or cultural studies book list. This is a very thorough and comprehensive text, covering history, economics, marketing, and cultural paradigms for studying or critiquing women′s sport. Best of all, it offers a new model for women′s sport that is both provocative and practical. This book will not change any opinions about favorite football teams or sports announcers, but it does ask to examine attitudes toward women, the media, and the sport universe." --Sammye Johnson, Trinity University The first book to link feminist, sport, and media theory together, Women, Media, and Sport provides a broad cultural studies approach, which also touches on race and class relations in sport. In addition to the theoretical analyses, this volume provides a practical look at models of sport, media effects, and the construction of the sportswomen and women′s sport. Designed as a text to fill the gap in this area, the book is organized into three sections. The first provides an overview of women, sport, and the media and an example of the ways they intertwine. The extensive range of articles in the second section focuses on print and broadcast media′s portrayal of women′s sports and its journalistic process and examines such issues as the relationship between sports promotion and media′s representations of women′s sport and how sport reporting is taught to future journalists. The final section seeks to develop a new model for the future. A thorough and original text, Women, Media, and Sport is essential for scholars, students, and professionals in media and mass communication studies, sociology, women′s studies, cultural studies, popular culture, ethnic studies, and gender studies.

Sports Economics for Non-Economists

Download Sports Economics for Non-Economists PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000570061
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sports Economics for Non-Economists by : Wray Vamplew

Download or read book Sports Economics for Non-Economists written by Wray Vamplew and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book cuts through the jargon and complicated formulae to focus on the key concepts in sports economics, introducing the fundamentals in a concise and engaging way to give the reader without a background in economics the tools with which to read and apply sports economics in their work. Full of real-world cases and stories, the book offers a short economic history of sport and explains the economic foundations of the world of sport today, from local leagues to mega-events. Covering both amateur and professional sports, it explores and explains the most important issues in contemporary sports economics, from player transfer markets and the rise of women’s sports to the spending behaviour of fans and the growing shadow of corruption. A fascinating read for any student, researcher or practitioner working in sport, or for the general reader who wants to understand the background to many of the most important stories in sport today, this is the only book on sports economics that you will ever need.

The Economics of Sports

Download The Economics of Sports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pearson Higher Ed
ISBN 13 : 0133253783
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (332 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Sports by : Michael Leeds

Download or read book The Economics of Sports written by Michael Leeds and published by Pearson Higher Ed. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Directed primarily toward undergraduate students in the Sports Economics course, this text also provides practical content to current and aspiring industry professionals. Core economic concepts developed through examples from the sports industry. The sports industry provides a seemingly endless set of examples from every area of microeconomics, giving readers the opportunity to study economics in a context that holds their interest. The Economics of Sports explores economic concepts and theory—industrial organization, public finance, and labor economics—in the context of applications and examples from American and international sports.

The Economics of Sports

Download The Economics of Sports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : W.E. Upjohn Institute
ISBN 13 : 0880992107
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Sports by : William S. Kern

Download or read book The Economics of Sports written by William S. Kern and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2000 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by economists, the six essays collected here provide a picture of economic principles at work in the arena of big-time sports. The 1998-1999 NBA lockout, the economic effects of sports stadiums, and the level of parity in leagues and conferences are used to present analyses of contemporary economic issues including industrial organization, influences of labor markets, the effect of racial discrimination, market power, the behavior of cartels, and price discrimination. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR

The Economics of Gender

Download The Economics of Gender PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780631207276
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (72 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Gender by : Joyce P. Jacobsen

Download or read book The Economics of Gender written by Joyce P. Jacobsen and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1998 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic agents can be male or female; they interact in families and households as well as in firms and markets. Yet it is only recently that economists have begun to take the implications of these facts into account in their theory, research, and policy analysis. Informed debate in economics, in other academic fields in which gender is of concern, and in society at large depends on an understanding of the economic issues underlying such questions as "why do women earn less than men" and "why, throughout the world, have men and women tended to work in separate spheres?" "The Economics of Gender, " Second Edition offers a comprehensive, balanced, and up-to-date introduction to the new work on the differences between women's and men's economic opportunities, activities, and rewards. Although Jacobsen's primary focus is on contemporary US patterns, she devotes four chapters to cross-societal comparisons. She also takes a close look at the evolution of contemporary patterns over time and the impact on them of race, ethnicity, and class. Throughout, she discusses the pros and cons of various policies, including "comparable worth" and welfare programs. Many real-life examples and anecdotes enliven the text. Appendices provide additional help for readers who have not had a course in economics and further detail for the economically sophisticated. Clear, readable, and provocative, the Second Edition of "The Economics of Gender" will continue to be welcomed as a primary text for the growing number of courses on gender economics. It remains a valuable supplement to courses in labor economics, economic policy, and women's studies. Finally, academics and policymakers in a wide range of fields will appreciate the book as a crucial reference.

The Economics of Sports

Download The Economics of Sports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131551060X
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (155 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Sports by :

Download or read book The Economics of Sports written by and published by Routledge. This book was released on with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advances in Sports Economics

Download Advances in Sports Economics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781788213547
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Sports Economics by : Robert Butler

Download or read book Advances in Sports Economics written by Robert Butler and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we identify the impact of superstar players? Do referees display any bias? What has happened to competitive balance? Why do players move so freely in today's labour market? Do rule-changes influence behaviour? How effective are incentives in encouraging players to exert maximum effort? The data that professional sport generates, which is unparalleled in any other industry, provides a wealth of information to which economists can bring their analytic toolkit to answer these questions and to better understand the mechanics of professional sport. Advances in Sports Economics is a wide-ranging collection of newly commissioned essays that examines the multifaceted field of sports economics in baseball, basketball, cricket, football, Gaelic games, horse racing, rugby and tennis. Both at the professional and amateur level, sport offers economists the opportunity to study the behaviour, choices and outcomes of decisions of players and referees as well as regulators and governments. The contributors range across questions of incentives, rule changes, labour issues, competition structure, gambling, gender equality, match official behaviour and funding to explore the variety of applications that economic analysis can bring to the field.

Advances in the Economics of Sport

Download Advances in the Economics of Sport PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JAI Press(NY)
ISBN 13 : 9781559386067
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in the Economics of Sport by : Gerald W. Scully

Download or read book Advances in the Economics of Sport written by Gerald W. Scully and published by JAI Press(NY). This book was released on 1997 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume in a series examining the economics of sport. It looks at issues such as how the changing financial structure of sport is putting cities at risk, race and player behaviour in the 1987 NFL Strike, and gender equity and the economics of college sports.

The Economics of Sport, Health and Happiness

Download The Economics of Sport, Health and Happiness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857930141
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (579 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Sport, Health and Happiness by : Plácido Rodríguez

Download or read book The Economics of Sport, Health and Happiness written by Plácido Rodríguez and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including an array of distinguished contributors, this novel book fills a gap in the literature by addressing an important yet under researched issue in the field of sports economics. It places great emphasis on the notion that sport is a significant component for improving the happiness, health and well being of citizens, communities and society as a whole. In so doing, it addresses whether, in an environment of increasing pressure on public spending, governments should continue to subsidise sporting activities at the expense of other public resources. Written is a clear and accessible style, this pioneering book explores a number of specific issues including: the relationship between sport and happiness the effect of sport on health, including the capacity of sport and exercise to reduce spending on medical expenses the relationship between sport and productivity whether sport as a leisure activity can improve quality of life. Innovative and original, this volume will strongly appeal to students and researchers of sport, health and welfare economics.

The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics

Download The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1526444518
Total Pages : 1077 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (264 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics by : Paul Downward

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics written by Paul Downward and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2019-08-26 with total page 1077 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports economics is a well-established and dynamic area of study; a key component in the fields of sport management, sport science and sport studies, as well as in other areas of economics, finance and management. Covering amateur to professional sports, individual events and organised tournaments, this Handbook provides an authoritative contribution to the understanding of sport in the economy. The editors of The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics have brought together a global team of respected scholars to create this benchmark collection of insights into sports economics. Each chapter includes a study of a specific context in which issues arise in sports economics, a critical presentation of its main theoretical contributions, an overview of current research findings, and an outline of enquiry for future research. PART I: The Nature and Value of the Sports System and Economy PART II: Amateur Sports Participation, Supply and Impact PART III: Professional Team Sports PART IV: Professional Sports Leagues PART V: Sports Events and their Impacts PART VI: Individual Sports PART VII: Future Research