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The Design Of A Radioisotope Production Facility
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Book Synopsis Radiation Safety of Accelerator Based Radioisotope Production Facilities by : IAEA
Download or read book Radiation Safety of Accelerator Based Radioisotope Production Facilities written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioisotopes are used worldwide in a range of medical, industrial, research and academic applications. A large proportion of these radioisotopes are produced in particle accelerators, and the number of institutions that operate linear accelerators or cyclotrons and manufacture and distribute radiopharmaceuticals, for example, is significant and increasing. The production of radioisotopes using particle accelerators poses significant radiation hazards to workers, members of the public, and the environment when accelerators are operated without adequate radiation safety measures. This Safety Guide provides practical guidance for implementing radiation protection and safety measures in such facilities involved in the production and use of radioisotopes.
Book Synopsis Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium by : National Research Council
Download or read book Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-06-27 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the product of a congressionally mandated study to examine the feasibility of eliminating the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU2) in reactor fuel, reactor targets, and medical isotope production facilities. The book focuses primarily on the use of HEU for the production of the medical isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), whose decay product, technetium-99m3 (Tc-99m), is used in the majority of medical diagnostic imaging procedures in the United States, and secondarily on the use of HEU for research and test reactor fuel. The supply of Mo-99 in the U.S. is likely to be unreliable until newer production sources come online. The reliability of the current supply system is an important medical isotope concern; this book concludes that achieving a cost difference of less than 10 percent in facilities that will need to convert from HEU- to LEU-based Mo-99 production is much less important than is reliability of supply.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309445310 Total Pages :264 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decay product of the medical isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), technetium-99m (Tc-99m), and associated medical isotopes iodine-131 (I-131) and xenon-133 (Xe-133) are used worldwide for medical diagnostic imaging or therapy. The United States consumes about half of the world's supply of Mo-99, but there has been no domestic (i.e., U.S.-based) production of this isotope since the late 1980s. The United States imports Mo-99 for domestic use from Australia, Canada, Europe, and South Africa. Mo-99 and Tc-99m cannot be stockpiled for use because of their short half-lives. Consequently, they must be routinely produced and delivered to medical imaging centers. Almost all Mo-99 for medical use is produced by irradiating highly enriched uranium (HEU) targets in research reactors, several of which are over 50 years old and are approaching the end of their operating lives. Unanticipated and extended shutdowns of some of these old reactors have resulted in severe Mo-99 supply shortages in the United States and other countries. Some of these shortages have disrupted the delivery of medical care. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging examines the production and utilization of Mo-99 and associated medical isotopes, and provides recommendations for medical use.
Book Synopsis Isotopes for Medicine and the Life Sciences by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Isotopes for Medicine and the Life Sciences written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-01-27 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive isotopes and enriched stable isotopes are used widely in medicine, agriculture, industry, and science, where their application allows us to perform many tasks more accurately, more simply, less expensively, and more quickly than would otherwise be possible. Indeed, in many casesâ€"for example, biological tracersâ€"there is no alternative. In a stellar example of "technology transfer" that began before the term was popular, the Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessors has supported the development and application of isotopes and their transfer to the private sector. The DOE is now at an important crossroads: Isotope production has suffered as support for DOE's laboratories has declined. In response to a DOE request, this book is an intensive examination of isotope production and availability, including the education and training of those who will be needed to sustain the flow of radioactive and stable materials from their sources to the laboratories and medical care facilities in which they are used. Chapters include an examination of enriched stable isotopes; reactor and accelerator-produced radionuclides; partnerships among industries, national laboratories, and universities; and national isotope policy.
Book Synopsis Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides practical information for planning and operating a fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) production facility, including design and implementation of the laboratories, facility layout, equipment, personnel, and quality assessment of FDG. Information useful for assessing the resource requirements, planning and aspects necessary for compliance with the applicable national regulatory requirements for manufacturing of radio-pharmaceuticals is also included.
Download or read book The Supply of Medical Isotopes written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report explores the main reasons behind the unreliable supply of Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) in health-care systems and policy options to address the issue. Tc-99m is used in 85% of nuclear medicine diagnostic scans performed worldwide – around 30 million patient examinations every year. These scans allow diagnoses of diseases in many parts of the human body, including the skeleton, heart and circulatory system, and the brain. Medical isotopes are subject to radioactive decay and have to be delivered just-in-time through a complex supply chain. However, ageing production facilities and a lack of investment have made the supply of Tc-99m unreliable. This report analyses the use and substitutability of Tc-99m in health care, health-care provider payment mechanisms for scans, and the structure of the supply chain. It concludes that the main reasons for unreliable supply are that production is not economically viable and that the structure of the supply chain prevents producers from charging prices that reflect the full costs of production and supply.
Book Synopsis Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides by :
Download or read book Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive treatment of cyclotrons, with a special emphasis on production of radionuclides. Individual sections are devoted to accelerator technology, theoretical aspects of nuclear reactions, the technology behind targetry, techniques for preparation of targets, irradiation of targets under high beam currents, target processing and target recovery. This book will appeal to scientists and technologists interested in translating cyclotron technology into practice, as well as postgraduate students in this field.
Author :International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher :International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN 13 :9789201450104 Total Pages :108 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Applications of Research Reactors by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Applications of Research Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2014 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a comprehensive study that reviews the current situation in a great number of applications of research reactors. It revises the contents of IAEA TECDOC-1234, The Applications of Research Reactors, giving detailed updates on each field of research reactor uses worldwide. Reactors of all sizes and capabilities can benefit from the sharing of current practices and research enabled via this updated version, which describes the requirements for practicing methods as diverse as neutron activation analysis, education and training, neutron scattering and neutron imaging, silicon doping and radioisotope production, material/fuel irradiation and testing, and some others. Many underutilised research reactors can learn how to diversify their technical capabilities, staff and potential commercial partners and users seeking research reactor services and products. The content of the publication has also been strengthened in terms of current issues facing the vast majority of research reactors by including sections describing user and customer relations as well as strategic planning considerations.
Book Synopsis Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Application of radioisotopes has shown significant growth in the past decade, and a major factor contributing towards this growth is the availability of a large number of cyclotrons dedicated to the production of radioisotopes for medical applications. Although there are many articles in journals on cyclotrons and their use for radioisotope production, there is no single source of information for beginners on radioisotope production using cyclotrons. This publication attempts to address this deficiency. Its contains chapters on accelerator technology, theoretical considerations of nuclear reactions, the technology behind targetry, techniques on preparation of targets, irradiation of targets under high beam currents, target processing and target recovery.
Book Synopsis Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides by :
Download or read book Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides written by and published by Technical Reports Series. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclotrons are used for preparation of a wide variety of radionuclides that find application in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as well as in positron emission tomography (PET). This publication gives comprehensive guidelines for the planning and decision making processes and design and implementation of a cyclotron based radionuclide production facility. It will enable Member States to plan such facilities in a cost effective manner.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030946627X Total Pages :87 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Opportunities and Approaches for Supplying Molybdenum-99 and Associated Medical Isotopes to Global Markets by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Opportunities and Approaches for Supplying Molybdenum-99 and Associated Medical Isotopes to Global Markets written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-12 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Participants of the July 17-18, 2017, symposium titled Opportunities and Approaches for Supplying Molybdenum-99 and Associated Medical Isotopes to Global Markets examined current trends in molybdenum-99 production, prospects for new global supplies, and technical, economic, regulatory, and other considerations for supplying molybdenum-99 to global markets. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the symposium.
Book Synopsis Radioisotope Power Systems by : National Research Council
Download or read book Radioisotope Power Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-08-14 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spacecraft require electrical energy. This energy must be available in the outer reaches of the solar system where sunlight is very faint. It must be available through lunar nights that last for 14 days, through long periods of dark and cold at the higher latitudes on Mars, and in high-radiation fields such as those around Jupiter. Radioisotope power systems (RPSs) are the only available power source that can operate unconstrained in these environments for the long periods of time needed to accomplish many missions, and plutonium-238 (238Pu) is the only practical isotope for fueling them. Plutonium-238 does not occur in nature. The committee does not believe that there is any additional 238Pu (or any operational 238Pu production facilities) available anywhere in the world.The total amount of 238Pu available for NASA is fixed, and essentially all of it is already dedicated to support several pending missions-the Mars Science Laboratory, Discovery 12, the Outer Planets Flagship 1 (OPF 1), and (perhaps) a small number of additional missions with a very small demand for 238Pu. If the status quo persists, the United States will not be able to provide RPSs for any subsequent missions.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309379210 Total Pages :205 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-02-12 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued presence of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in civilian installations such as research reactors poses a threat to national and international security. Minimization, and ultimately elimination, of HEU in civilian research reactors worldwide has been a goal of U.S. policy and programs since 1978. Today, 74 civilian research reactors around the world, including 8 in the United States, use or are planning to use HEU fuel. Since the last National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on this topic in 2009, 28 reactors have been either shut down or converted from HEU to low enriched uranium fuel. Despite this progress, the large number of remaining HEU-fueled reactors demonstrates that an HEU minimization program continues to be needed on a worldwide scale. Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors assesses the status of and progress toward eliminating the worldwide use of HEU fuel in civilian research and test reactors.
Book Synopsis Production of Long Lived Parent Radionuclides for Generators, 68Ge, 82Sr, 90Sr and 188W. by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Production of Long Lived Parent Radionuclides for Generators, 68Ge, 82Sr, 90Sr and 188W. written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on the production and processing of four important long lived parent radionuclides, 68Ge, 82Sr, 90Sr and 188W, used for the preparation of generators for nuclear medicine applications such as positron emission tomography and therapy. It includes descriptions of the production routes for and process chemistry of the selected parent radionuclides, including relevant separation approaches. Information on use of the generator system and on physical and chemical characteristics is also provided.
Book Synopsis Alternative Radionuclide Production with a Cyclotron by : IAEA
Download or read book Alternative Radionuclide Production with a Cyclotron written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclotrons are currently used for the preparation of a wide variety of radionuclides that have applications in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Consequently, there is high demand from IAEA Member States for support in the area of radiopharmaceutical production using cyclotron produced radioisotopes. This publication describes the potential radionuclide production routes using cyclotrons in different energy ranges and provides methods for the development of targets and provides details of the chemistry for the separation of radionuclides from target materials. The readership of this publication includes scientists, operators interested in putting this technology into practice, technologists already working with cyclotrons who wish to enhance the utility of existing machines, and managers in the process of setting up radionuclide facilities in their countries. Students working towards higher level degrees in related fields may also benefit from this publication.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :332 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Department of Energy's Isotope Production and Distribution Program by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee
Download or read book Department of Energy's Isotope Production and Distribution Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
Book Synopsis Handling and Processing of Radioactive Waste from Nuclear Applications by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Handling and Processing of Radioactive Waste from Nuclear Applications written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides detailed information on the handling, processing and storage techniques most widely used and recommended for waste from non-fuel-cycle activities. The report was designed to meet the needs of developing countries by focusing on the most simple, affordable and reliable techniques and discussing their advantages and limitations.
