The Demands Of Consequentialism

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The Demands of Consequentialism

Author : Tim Mulgan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199286973
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (869 download)

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Book Synopsis The Demands of Consequentialism by : Tim Mulgan

Download or read book The Demands of Consequentialism written by Tim Mulgan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to consequentialism, we should always put our resources where they will do the most good. A small contribution to a reputable aid agency can save a child from a crippling illness. We should thus devote all our energies to charity work, as well as all our money, till we reach the point where our own basic needs, or ability to keep earning money, are in jeopardy. Such conclusions strike many people as absurd. Consequentialism seems unreasonably demanding, as it leaves the agentno room for her own projects or interests. Tim Mulgan examines consequentialist responses to this objection. A variety of previous consequentialist solutions are considered and found wanting, including rule consequentialism, the extremism of Shelly Kagan and Peter Singer, Michael Slote's satisficing consequentialism, and Samuel Scheffler's hybrid moral theory. The Demands of Consequentialism develops a new consequentialist theory, designed to be intuitively appealing, theoretically sound, andonly moderately demanding. Moral choices are first divided into distinct realms, primarily on the basis of their impact on the well-being of others. Each realm has its own characteristic features, and different moral realms are governed by different moral principles. The resulting theory incorporates elements of act consequentialism, rule consequentialism, and Scheffler's hybid theory. This original and highly readable account of the limits of consequentialism will be useful to anyone interested in understanding morality.

The Demands of Consequentialism

Author : Tim Mulgan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis The Demands of Consequentialism by : Tim Mulgan

Download or read book The Demands of Consequentialism written by Tim Mulgan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Future People

Author : Tim Mulgan
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191536032
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Future People by : Tim Mulgan

Download or read book Future People written by Tim Mulgan and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-01-05 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do we owe to our descendants? How do we balance their needs against our own? Tim Mulgan develops a new theory of our obligations to future generations, based on a new rule-consequentialist account of the morality of individual reproduction. He argues that the resulting theory accounts for a wide range of independently plausible intuitions - covering individual morality, intergenerational justice, and international justice. In particular, the moderate consequentialist approach is superior to its two main rivals in this area - person-affecting theories and traditional consequentialism. The former fall foul of Parfit's Non-Identity Problem, while the latter are invariably implausibly demanding. Mulgan also claims that most puzzles in contemporary value theory (such as Parfit's Repugnant Conclusion) are actually puzzles in the theory of right action, and can only be solved if we abandon strict consequentialism for a more moderate alternative. The heart of the book is the first systematic exploration of the rule-consequentialist account of the morality of individual reproduction. Mulgan demostrates that this account is superior to all available alternatives, both consequentialist and non-consequentialist. Once we recognise the intergenerational dimension, moral and political philosophy cannot be considered in isolation. The latter must be founded on the former. Rule consequentialism provides the best foundation for a theory of intergenerational justice. Future People brings together several different contemporary philosophical discussions: obligations to future generations, the morality of individual reproduction, the demands of morality, and international justice. While the focus is on developing a new account, there are also substantial discussions of alternative views, especially contract-based accounts of intergenerational justice and competing forms of consequentialism.

Facts, Values, and Norms

Author : Peter Railton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521426930
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (269 download)

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Book Synopsis Facts, Values, and Norms by : Peter Railton

Download or read book Facts, Values, and Norms written by Peter Railton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-17 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our everyday lives we struggle with the notions of why we do what we do and the need to assign values to our actions. Somehow, it seems possible through experience and life to gain knowledge and understanding of such matters. Yet once we start delving deeper into the concepts that underwrite these domains of thought and actions, we face a philosophical disappointment. In contrast to the world of facts, values and morality seem insecure, uncomfortably situated, easily influenced by illusion or ideology. How can we apply this same objectivity and accuracy to the spheres of value and morality? In the essays included in this collection, Peter Railton shows how a fairly sober, naturalistically informed view of the world might nonetheless incorporate objective values and moral knowledge. This book will be of interest to professionals and students working in philosophy and ethics.

Consequentialism and Its Critics

Author : Samuel Scheffler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198750730
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Consequentialism and Its Critics by : Samuel Scheffler

Download or read book Consequentialism and Its Critics written by Samuel Scheffler and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents papers discussing arguments on both sides of the consequentialist debate. The distinguished contributors include John Rawls, Bernard Williams, Thomas Nagel, Derek Parfit, among others.

The Ethics of Assistance

Author : Deen K. Chatterjee
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521527422
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (274 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ethics of Assistance by : Deen K. Chatterjee

Download or read book The Ethics of Assistance written by Deen K. Chatterjee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-08 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As globalization has deepened worldwide economic integration, moral and political philosophers have become increasingly concerned to assess duties to help needy people in foreign countries. The essays in this volume present ideas on this important topic by authors who are leading figures in these debates. At issue are both the political responsibility of governments of affluent countries to relieve poverty abroad and the personal responsibility of individuals to assist the distant needy. The wide-ranging arguments shed light on global distributive justice, human rights and their implementation, the varieties of community and the obligations they generate, and the moral relevance of distance. This provocative volume will interest scholars in ethics, political philosophy, political theory, international law and development economics, as well as policy makers, aid agencies, and general readers interested in the moral dimensions of poverty and affluence.

Beyond Consequentialism

Author : Paul E. Hurley
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199559309
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Consequentialism by : Paul E. Hurley

Download or read book Beyond Consequentialism written by Paul E. Hurley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurley sets out a radical challenge to consequentialism, the theory which might seem to be the default option in contemporary moral philosophy. There is an unresolved tension within the theory: if consequentialists are right about the content of morality, then morality cannot have the rational authority that even they take it to have.

Consequentialism

Author : Christian Seidel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190919388
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Consequentialism by : Christian Seidel

Download or read book Consequentialism written by Christian Seidel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consequentialism is a focal point of discussion and a driving force behind important developments in moral philosophy. Recently, the debate has shifted in focus and in style. By seeking to consequentialize rival moral theories, in particular those with agent-relative characteristics, and by framing accounts in terms of reasons rather than in terms of value, an emerging new wave consequentialism has presented - at much higher levels of abstraction - theories which proved extremely flexible and powerful in meeting long-standing and influential objections. This volume of new essays on new wave consequentialism initiates and stimulates novel lines of discussions among proponents and their critics. The contributions explore new directions in new wave consequentialism and present refined conceptual frameworks (in Part I), raise challenging fundamental problems for these frameworks and the new wave's theoretical basis (in Part II), and give a balanced assessment of the new wave's limits and achievements in specific contexts of commonsense moral practice (in Part III). The volume will be of interest to all readers in ethical and moral theory.

The Robust Demands of the Good

Author : Philip Pettit
Publisher : Uehiro Practical Ethics
ISBN 13 : 0198732600
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Robust Demands of the Good by : Philip Pettit

Download or read book The Robust Demands of the Good written by Philip Pettit and published by Uehiro Practical Ethics. This book was released on 2015 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philip Pettit offers a new insight into moral psychology. He shows that attachments such as love, and certain virtues such as honesty, require their characteristic behaviours not only as things actually are, but also in cases where things are different from how they actually are. He explores the implications of this idea for key moral issues.

Morality by Degrees

Author : Alastair Norcross
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198844999
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Morality by Degrees by : Alastair Norcross

Download or read book Morality by Degrees written by Alastair Norcross and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Morality by Degrees, Alastair Norcross articulates and defends a radical new approach to ethical theory. Consequentialist theories of the right connect the rightness and wrongness (and related notions) of actions with the intrinsic goodness and badness of states of affairs consequential on those actions. The most popular such theory is maximization, which is said to demand of agents that they maximize the good, that they do the best they can, at all times. Thus it may seem that consequentialist theories are overly demanding, and, relatedly, that they cannot accommodate the phenomenon of going above and beyond the demands of duty. However, a clear understanding of consequentialism leaves no room for a theory of the right, at least not at the fundamental level of the theory. A consequentialist theory, such as utilitarianism, is a theory of how to rank outcomes, and derivatively actions, which provides reasons for choosing some actions over others. It is thus a purely scalar theory, with no demands that certain actions be performed, and no fundamental classification of actions as right or wrong. However, such notions may have pragmatic benefits at the level of application, since many people find it easier to guide their conduct by simple commands, rather than to think in terms of reasons of varying strength to do one thing rather than another. A contextualist semantics for various terms, such as "right", "permissible", "harm", when combined with the scalar approach to consequentialism, allows for the expression of truth-apt propositions with sentences containing such terms.

The Dimensions of Consequentialism

Author : Martin Peterson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107033039
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dimensions of Consequentialism by : Martin Peterson

Download or read book The Dimensions of Consequentialism written by Martin Peterson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a new, multidimensional consequentialist theory, according to which an act's rightness depends on several irreducible dimensions.

The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism

Author : Douglas W. Portmore
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190905328
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism by : Douglas W. Portmore

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism written by Douglas W. Portmore and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This handbook contains thirty-two previously unpublished contributions to consequentialist ethics by leading scholars, covering what's happening in the field today as well as pointing to new directions for future research. Consequentialism is a rival to such moral theories as deontology, contractualism, and virtue ethics. But it's more than just one rival among many, for every plausible moral theory must concede that the goodness of an act's consequences is something that matters even if it's not the only thing that matters. Thus, all plausible moral theories will accept both that the fact that an act would produce good consequences constitutes a moral reason to perform it and that the better that act's consequences the moral reason there is to perform it. Now, if this is correct, then much of the research concerning consequentialist ethics is important for ethics in general. For instance, one thing that consequentialist researchers have investigated is what sorts of consequences matter: the consequences that some act would have or the consequences that it could have-if, say, the agent were to follow up by performing some subsequent act. And it's reasonable to suppose that the answer to such questions will be relevant for normative ethics regardless of whether the goodness of consequences is the only thing matters (as consequentialists presume) or just one of many things that matter (as non-consequentialists presume)"--

The Moral Demands of Affluence

Author : Garrett Cullity
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191622567
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Moral Demands of Affluence by : Garrett Cullity

Download or read book The Moral Demands of Affluence written by Garrett Cullity and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How much are we morally required to do to help people who are much worse off than us? On any credible moral outlook, other people's pressing need for assistance can ground moral requirements on us to help them—-requirements of beneficence. How far do those requirements extend? One way to think about this is by means of a simple analogy: an analogy between joining in efforts to help people at a distance and rescuing a needy person yourself, directly. Part I of Garrett Cullity's book examines this analogy. In some ways, the analogy is not only simple, but politically and metaphysically simplistic. However, it contains an important truth: we are morally required to help other people, indirectly as well as directly. But the number of needy people in the world is enormous, and their need is very great. Once we start to recognize requirements to help them, when is it morally acceptable to stop? Cullity answers this question in Part II. Examining the nature of beneficence, he argues that its requirements only make sense on the assumption that many of the interests we share in common-rich and poor alike-are interests it is not wrong to pursue.

The Rejection of Consequentialism

Author : Samuel Scheffler
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191040169
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rejection of Consequentialism by : Samuel Scheffler

Download or read book The Rejection of Consequentialism written by Samuel Scheffler and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-08-11 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contemporary philosophy, substantive moral theories are typically classified as either consequentialist or deontological. Standard consequentialist theories insist, roughly, that agents must always act so as to produce the best available outcomes overall. Standard deontological theories, by contrast, maintain that there are some circumstances where one is permitted but not required to produce the best overall results, and still other circumstances in which one is positively forbidden to do so. Classical utilitarianism is the most familiar consequentialist view, but it is widely regarded as an inadequate account of morality. Although Professor Scheffler agrees with this assessment, he also believes that consequentialism seems initially plausible, and that there is a persistent air of paradox surrounding typical deontological views. In this book, therefore, he undertakes to reconsider the rejection of consequentialism. He argues that it is possible to provide a rationale for the view that agents need not always produce the best possible overall outcomes, and this motivates one departure from consequentialism; but he shows that it is surprisingly difficult to provide a satisfactory rationale for the view that there are times when agents must not produce the best possible overall outcomes. He goes on to argue for a hitherto neglected type of moral conception, according to which agents are always permitted, but not always required, to produce the best outcomes.

Consequentialism

Author : Philip Pettit
Publisher : Dartmouth Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Consequentialism by : Philip Pettit

Download or read book Consequentialism written by Philip Pettit and published by Dartmouth Publishing Company. This book was released on 1993 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work deals with all aspects of consequentialism, encompassing utilitarianism, alienation and the demands of morality, restrictive consequentialism, alternative actions, an objectivist's guide to subjective value, recent work on the limits of obligation and more.

The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory

Author : Professor of Philosophy David Copp
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195147790
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory by : Professor of Philosophy David Copp

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory written by Professor of Philosophy David Copp and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook is a comprehensive reference work in ethical theory consisting of commissioned articles by leading scholars. The first part treats meta-ethics and the second part normative ethical theory. As with all the Oxford Handbooks, the collection is designed to achieve three goals: exposition of central ideas, criticism of other approaches, and defenses of distinct points of view.

Commonsense Consequentialism

Author : Douglas W. Portmore
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199794537
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Commonsense Consequentialism by : Douglas W. Portmore

Download or read book Commonsense Consequentialism written by Douglas W. Portmore and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about morality, rationality, and the interconnections between the two. In it, Portmore defends a version of consequentialism that both comports with our commonsense moral intuitions and shares with consequentialist theories the same compelling teleological conception of practical reasons.