The Concept Of Correlation

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Contributions to Correlational Analysis

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Author : Robert J. Wherry
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483266079
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

Book Synopsis Contributions to Correlational Analysis by : Robert J. Wherry

Download or read book Contributions to Correlational Analysis written by Robert J. Wherry and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions to Correlational Analysis provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of correlational analysis that can be used to replace and enhance many of the parametric and nonparametric inferential statistical tests. This book discusses the basic concern of correctional analysis, which is the relationship between two sets of measure. Organized into 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the nature of correction analysis. This text then explains the simple linear relationships in which explains the simple linear relationships in which Y and X each consists of some single measurement per person and the relationship is assumed to be linear. Other chapters consider basic ways of expanding the process to include more or different measurements of either X or Y but with no attempt to find the best functions. This book discusses as well the topic of factor analysis. The final chapter deals with canonical correlation. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists.

The Concept of Correlation

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Author : John P. Clayton
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110863995
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

Book Synopsis The Concept of Correlation by : John P. Clayton

Download or read book The Concept of Correlation written by John P. Clayton and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-12-22 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Spurious Correlations

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Author : Tyler Vigen
Publisher : Hachette Books
ISBN 13 : 0316339458
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

Book Synopsis Spurious Correlations by : Tyler Vigen

Download or read book Spurious Correlations written by Tyler Vigen and published by Hachette Books. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Spurious Correlations ... is the most fun you'll ever have with graphs."--Bustle Military intelligence analyst and Harvard Law student Tyler Vigen illustrates the golden rule that "correlation does not equal causation" through hilarious graphs inspired by his viral website. Is there a correlation between Nic Cage films and swimming pool accidents? What about beef consumption and people getting struck by lightning? Absolutely not. But that hasn't stopped millions of people from going to tylervigen.com and asking, "Wait, what?" Vigen has designed software that scours enormous data sets to find unlikely statistical correlations. He began pulling the funniest ones for his website and has since gained millions of views, hundreds of thousands of likes, and tons of media coverage. Subversive and clever, Spurious Correlations is geek humor at its finest, nailing our obsession with data and conspiracy theory.

Core Concepts in Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation and Visualization

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Author : Boris Mirkin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0857292870
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (572 download)

Book Synopsis Core Concepts in Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation and Visualization by : Boris Mirkin

Download or read book Core Concepts in Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation and Visualization written by Boris Mirkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-05 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Core Concepts in Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation and Visualization provides in-depth descriptions of those data analysis approaches that either summarize data (principal component analysis and clustering, including hierarchical and network clustering) or correlate different aspects of data (decision trees, linear rules, neuron networks, and Bayes rule). Boris Mirkin takes an unconventional approach and introduces the concept of multivariate data summarization as a counterpart to conventional machine learning prediction schemes, utilizing techniques from statistics, data analysis, data mining, machine learning, computational intelligence, and information retrieval. Innovations following from his in-depth analysis of the models underlying summarization techniques are introduced, and applied to challenging issues such as the number of clusters, mixed scale data standardization, interpretation of the solutions, as well as relations between seemingly unrelated concepts: goodness-of-fit functions for classification trees and data standardization, spectral clustering and additive clustering, correlation and visualization of contingency data. The mathematical detail is encapsulated in the so-called “formulation” parts, whereas most material is delivered through “presentation” parts that explain the methods by applying them to small real-world data sets; concise “computation” parts inform of the algorithmic and coding issues. Four layers of active learning and self-study exercises are provided: worked examples, case studies, projects and questions.

Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution

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Author : Karl Pearson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

Book Synopsis Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution by : Karl Pearson

Download or read book Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution written by Karl Pearson and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cause and Correlation in Biology

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Author : Bill Shipley
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521529211
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (292 download)

Book Synopsis Cause and Correlation in Biology by : Bill Shipley

Download or read book Cause and Correlation in Biology written by Bill Shipley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book goes beyond the truism that 'correlation does not imply causation' and explores the logical and methodological relationships between correlation and causation. It presents a series of statistical methods that can test, and potentially discover, cause-effect relationships between variables in situations in which it is not possible to conduct randomised or experimentally controlled experiments. Many of these methods are quite new and most are generally unknown to biologists. In addition to describing how to conduct these statistical tests, the book also puts the methods into historical context and explains when they can and cannot justifiably be used to test or discover causal claims. Written in a conversational style that minimises technical jargon, the book is aimed at practising biologists and advanced students, and assumes only a very basic knowledge of introductory statistics.

Statistical Methods in Practice

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Author : Richard Boddy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470746645
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

Book Synopsis Statistical Methods in Practice by : Richard Boddy

Download or read book Statistical Methods in Practice written by Richard Boddy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-21 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a practical book on how to apply statistical methods successfully. The Authors have deliberately kept formulae to a minimum to enable the reader to concentrate on how to use the methods and to understand what the methods are for. Each method is introduced and used in a real situation from industry or research. Each chapter features situations based on the authors’ experience and looks at statistical methods for analysing data and, where appropriate, discusses the assumptions of these methods. Key features: Provides a practical hands-on manual for workplace applications. Introduces a broad range of statistical methods from confidence intervals to trend analysis. Combines realistic case studies and examples with a practical approach to statistical analysis. Features examples drawn from a wide range of industries including chemicals, petrochemicals, nuclear power, food and pharmaceuticals. Includes a supporting website, providing software to aid tutorials. Scientists and technologists of all levels who are required to design, conduct and analyse experiments will find this book to be essential reading.

Image Correlation for Shape, Motion and Deformation Measurements

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Author : Michael A. Sutton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038778747X
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

Book Synopsis Image Correlation for Shape, Motion and Deformation Measurements by : Michael A. Sutton

Download or read book Image Correlation for Shape, Motion and Deformation Measurements written by Michael A. Sutton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Image Correlation for Shape, Motion and Deformation Measurements provides a comprehensive overview of data extraction through image analysis. Readers will find and in-depth look into various single- and multi-camera models (2D-DIC and 3D-DIC), two- and three-dimensional computer vision, and volumetric digital image correlation (VDIC). Fundamentals of accurate image matching are described, along with presentations of both new methods for quantitative error estimates in correlation-based motion measurements, and the effect of out-of-plane motion on 2D measurements. Thorough appendices offer descriptions of continuum mechanics formulations, methods for local surface strain estimation and non-linear optimization, as well as terminology in statistics and probability. With equal treatment of computer vision fundamentals and techniques for practical applications, this volume is both a reference for academic and industry-based researchers and engineers, as well as a valuable companion text for appropriate vision-based educational offerings.

Power Kills

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Author : R. J. Rummel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351497405
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

Book Synopsis Power Kills by : R. J. Rummel

Download or read book Power Kills written by R. J. Rummel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, newly published in paperback, is part of a comprehensive effort by R. J. Rummel to understand and place in historical perspective the entire subject of genocide and mass murder, or what he calls democide. It is the fifth in a series of volumes in which he offers a detailed analysis of the 120,000,000 people killed as a result of government action or direct intervention. In Power Kills, Rummel offers a realistic and practical solution to war, democide, and other collective violence. As he states it, "The solution...is to foster democratic freedom and to democratize coercive power and force. That is, mass killing and mass murder carried out by government is a result of indiscriminate, irresponsible Power at the center." Rummel observes that well-established democracies do not make war on and rarely commit lesser violence against each other. The more democratic two nations are, the less likely is war or smaller-scale violence between them. The more democratic a nation is, the less severe its overall foreign violence, the less likely it will have domestic collective violence, and the less its democide. Rummel argues that the evidence supports overwhelmingly the most important fact of our time: democracy is a method of nonviolence.

Machine Learning and Big Data

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Author : Uma N. Dulhare
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119654742
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

Book Synopsis Machine Learning and Big Data by : Uma N. Dulhare

Download or read book Machine Learning and Big Data written by Uma N. Dulhare and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for academic and industrial developers, exploring and developing applications in the area of big data and machine learning, including those that are solving technology requirements, evaluation of methodology advances and algorithm demonstrations. The intent of this book is to provide awareness of algorithms used for machine learning and big data in the academic and professional community. The 17 chapters are divided into 5 sections: Theoretical Fundamentals; Big Data and Pattern Recognition; Machine Learning: Algorithms & Applications; Machine Learning's Next Frontier and Hands-On and Case Study. While it dwells on the foundations of machine learning and big data as a part of analytics, it also focuses on contemporary topics for research and development. In this regard, the book covers machine learning algorithms and their modern applications in developing automated systems. Subjects covered in detail include: Mathematical foundations of machine learning with various examples. An empirical study of supervised learning algorithms like Naïve Bayes, KNN and semi-supervised learning algorithms viz. S3VM, Graph-Based, Multiview. Precise study on unsupervised learning algorithms like GMM, K-mean clustering, Dritchlet process mixture model, X-means and Reinforcement learning algorithm with Q learning, R learning, TD learning, SARSA Learning, and so forth. Hands-on machine leaning open source tools viz. Apache Mahout, H2O. Case studies for readers to analyze the prescribed cases and present their solutions or interpretations with intrusion detection in MANETS using machine learning. Showcase on novel user-cases: Implications of Electronic Governance as well as Pragmatic Study of BD/ML technologies for agriculture, healthcare, social media, industry, banking, insurance and so on.

Discriminating Data

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Author : Wendy Hui Kyong Chun
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262046229
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

Book Synopsis Discriminating Data by : Wendy Hui Kyong Chun

Download or read book Discriminating Data written by Wendy Hui Kyong Chun and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How big data and machine learning encode discrimination and create agitated clusters of comforting rage. In Discriminating Data, Wendy Hui Kyong Chun reveals how polarization is a goal—not an error—within big data and machine learning. These methods, she argues, encode segregation, eugenics, and identity politics through their default assumptions and conditions. Correlation, which grounds big data’s predictive potential, stems from twentieth-century eugenic attempts to “breed” a better future. Recommender systems foster angry clusters of sameness through homophily. Users are “trained” to become authentically predictable via a politics and technology of recognition. Machine learning and data analytics thus seek to disrupt the future by making disruption impossible. Chun, who has a background in systems design engineering as well as media studies and cultural theory, explains that although machine learning algorithms may not officially include race as a category, they embed whiteness as a default. Facial recognition technology, for example, relies on the faces of Hollywood celebrities and university undergraduates—groups not famous for their diversity. Homophily emerged as a concept to describe white U.S. resident attitudes to living in biracial yet segregated public housing. Predictive policing technology deploys models trained on studies of predominantly underserved neighborhoods. Trained on selected and often discriminatory or dirty data, these algorithms are only validated if they mirror this data. How can we release ourselves from the vice-like grip of discriminatory data? Chun calls for alternative algorithms, defaults, and interdisciplinary coalitions in order to desegregate networks and foster a more democratic big data.

The Conflict Helix

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Author : R. J. Rummel
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781412836302
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (363 download)

Book Synopsis The Conflict Helix by : R. J. Rummel

Download or read book The Conflict Helix written by R. J. Rummel and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book on conflict and consensus aimed at the general reader. In active, plain and direct language it makes the seemingly abstract and complex issues simple. Its view of peace is well-rounded, tough-minded, one that well understands the difficult world of social and personal violence and conflict. At its heart is a simple finding: "to wage peace we need to foster freedom." The human race can best achieve that simple aim by "leaving people alone to form their own communities." "The Conflict Helix "avoids the ambiguous in favor of the categorical; the hedged, qualified statement for the direct Rummel presents a series of basic principles, each concerning an aspect of conflict and peace - psychological, interpersonal, societal, international - and each aspect having its own master principle. These principles are not mere organizational props, but are deeply theoretical and empirically fundamental. The volume expresses the core ideas, results and conclusions of Rummel's major, five-volume work on "Understanding Conflict and War. "In discarding technical material and focusing on principles and meaning, "The Conflict Helix "presents an executive summary of a lifetime of work in a digestible form. In light of recent events in Europe, Asia and Latin American this work takes on a special poignancy for the developing no less than the industrialized worlds. Hence, this book should be of value to the general reader as well as professionals and advanced students of international politics.

Understanding Statistics and Experimental Design

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Author : Michael H. Herzog
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030034992
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

Book Synopsis Understanding Statistics and Experimental Design by : Michael H. Herzog

Download or read book Understanding Statistics and Experimental Design written by Michael H. Herzog and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook provides the background needed to correctly use, interpret and understand statistics and statistical data in diverse settings. Part I makes key concepts in statistics readily clear. Parts I and II give an overview of the most common tests (t-test, ANOVA, correlations) and work out their statistical principles. Part III provides insight into meta-statistics (statistics of statistics) and demonstrates why experiments often do not replicate. Finally, the textbook shows how complex statistics can be avoided by using clever experimental design. Both non-scientists and students in Biology, Biomedicine and Engineering will benefit from the book by learning the statistical basis of scientific claims and by discovering ways to evaluate the quality of scientific reports in academic journals and news outlets.

Statistics from A to Z

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Author : Andrew A. Jawlik
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119271983
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

Book Synopsis Statistics from A to Z by : Andrew A. Jawlik

Download or read book Statistics from A to Z written by Andrew A. Jawlik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics is confusing, even for smart, technically competent people. And many students and professionals find that existing books and web resources don’t give them an intuitive understanding of confusing statistical concepts. That is why this book is needed. Some of the unique qualities of this book are: • Easy to Understand: Uses unique “graphics that teach” such as concept flow diagrams, compare-and-contrast tables, and even cartoons to enhance “rememberability.” • Easy to Use: Alphabetically arranged, like a mini-encyclopedia, for easy lookup on the job, while studying, or during an open-book exam. • Wider Scope: Covers Statistics I and Statistics II and Six Sigma Black Belt, adding such topics as control charts and statistical process control, process capability analysis, and design of experiments. As a result, this book will be useful for business professionals and industrial engineers in addition to students and professionals in the social and physical sciences. In addition, each of the 60+ concepts is covered in one or more articles. The 75 articles in the book are usually 5–7 pages long, ensuring that things are presented in “bite-sized chunks.” The first page of each article typically lists five “Keys to Understanding” which tell the reader everything they need to know on one page. This book also contains an article on “Which Statistical Tool to Use to Solve Some Common Problems”, additional “Which to Use When” articles on Control Charts, Distributions, and Charts/Graphs/Plots, as well as articles explaining how different concepts work together (e.g., how Alpha, p, Critical Value, and Test Statistic interrelate). ANDREW A. JAWLIK received his B.S. in Mathematics and his M.S. in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Michigan. He held jobs with IBM in marketing, sales, finance, and information technology, as well as a position as Process Executive. In these jobs, he learned how to communicate difficult technical concepts in easy - to - understand terms. He completed Lean Six Sigma Black Belt coursework at the IASSC - accredited Pyzdek Institute. In order to understand the confusing statistics involved, he wrote explanations in his own words and graphics. Using this material, he passed the certification exam with a perfect score. Those statistical explanations then became the starting point for this book.

Research Methods

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Author : William M. K. Trochim
Publisher : Atomic Dog Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781592601462
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

Book Synopsis Research Methods by : William M. K. Trochim

Download or read book Research Methods written by William M. K. Trochim and published by Atomic Dog Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From an expert in the research methods field, Research Methods: The Concise Knowledge Base was written specifically for undergraduates. Trochim streamlined and clarified explanations of fundamental, yet difficult, concepts in his familiar, engaging style. With this text, students will learn about the relationship between theory and practice, which will help them become better researchers and better consumers of research. From an expert in the research methods field, Research Methods: The Concise Knowledge Base was written specifically for undergraduates. Trochim streamlined and clarified explanations of fundamental, yet difficult, concepts in his familiar, engaging style. With this text, students will learn about the relationship between theory and practice, which will help them become better researchers and better consumers of research.

Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse

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Author : Chester Ismay
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000763463
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

Book Synopsis Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse by : Chester Ismay

Download or read book Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse written by Chester Ismay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-23 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse provides a pathway for learning about statistical inference using data science tools widely used in industry, academia, and government. It introduces the tidyverse suite of R packages, including the ggplot2 package for data visualization, and the dplyr package for data wrangling. After equipping readers with just enough of these data science tools to perform effective exploratory data analyses, the book covers traditional introductory statistics topics like confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and multiple regression modeling, while focusing on visualization throughout. Features: ● Assumes minimal prerequisites, notably, no prior calculus nor coding experience ● Motivates theory using real-world data, including all domestic flights leaving New York City in 2013, the Gapminder project, and the data journalism website, FiveThirtyEight.com ● Centers on simulation-based approaches to statistical inference rather than mathematical formulas ● Uses the infer package for "tidy" and transparent statistical inference to construct confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests via the bootstrap and permutation methods ● Provides all code and output embedded directly in the text; also available in the online version at moderndive.com This book is intended for individuals who would like to simultaneously start developing their data science toolbox and start learning about the inferential and modeling tools used in much of modern-day research. The book can be used in methods and data science courses and first courses in statistics, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Handbook of EHealth Evaluation

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Author : Francis Yin Yee Lau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781550586015
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (86 download)

Book Synopsis Handbook of EHealth Evaluation by : Francis Yin Yee Lau

Download or read book Handbook of EHealth Evaluation written by Francis Yin Yee Lau and published by . This book was released on 2016-11 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To order please visit https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/press/books/ordering/