The Complexity Of Social Norms

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The Complexity of Social Norms

Author : Maria Xenitidou
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319053086
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis The Complexity of Social Norms by : Maria Xenitidou

Download or read book The Complexity of Social Norms written by Maria Xenitidou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-28 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the view that normative behaviour is part of a complex of social mechanisms, processes and narratives that are constantly shifting. From this perspective, norms are not a kind of self-contained social object or fact, but rather an interplay of many things that we label as norms when we ‘take a snapshot’ of them at a particular instant. Further, this book pursues the hypothesis that considering the dynamic aspects of these phenomena sheds new light on them. The sort of issues that this perspective opens to exploration include: Of what is this complex we call a "social norm" composed of? How do new social norms emerge and what kind of circumstances might facilitate such an appearance? How context-specific are the norms and patterns of normative behaviour that arise? How do the cognitive and the social aspects of norms interact over time? How do expectations, beliefs and individual rationality interact with social norm complexes to effect behaviour? How does our social embeddedness relate to social constraint upon behaviour? How might the socio-cognitive complexes that we call norms be usefully researched?

Norms in the Wild

Author : Cristina Bicchieri
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190622059
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Norms in the Wild by : Cristina Bicchieri

Download or read book Norms in the Wild written by Cristina Bicchieri and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large scale behavioral interventions work in some social contexts, but fail in others. The book explains this phenomenon with diverse personal and social behavioral motives, guided by research in economics, psychology, and international consulting done with UNICEF. The book offers tested tools that mobilize mass media, community groups, and autonomous "first movers" (or trendsetters) to alter harmful collective behaviors.

Rule Makers, Rule Breakers

Author : Michele Gelfand
Publisher : Scribner
ISBN 13 : 1501152947
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Rule Makers, Rule Breakers by : Michele Gelfand

Download or read book Rule Makers, Rule Breakers written by Michele Gelfand and published by Scribner. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A celebrated social psychologist offers a radical new perspective on cultural differences that reveals why some countries, cultures, and individuals take rules more seriously and how following the rules influences the way we think and act. In Rule Makers, Rule Breakers, Michele Gelfand, “an engaging writer with intellectual range” (The New York Times Book Review), takes us on an epic journey through human cultures, offering a startling new view of the world and ourselves. With a mix of brilliantly conceived studies and surprising on-the-ground discoveries, she shows that much of the diversity in the way we think and act derives from a key difference—how tightly or loosely we adhere to social norms. Just as DNA affects everything from eye color to height, our tight-loose social coding influences much of what we do. Why are clocks in Germany so accurate while those in Brazil are frequently wrong? Why do New Zealand’s women have the highest number of sexual partners? Why are red and blue states really so divided? Why was the Daimler-Chrysler merger ill-fated from the start? Why is the driver of a Jaguar more likely to run a red light than the driver of a plumber’s van? Why does one spouse prize running a tight ship while the other refuses to sweat the small stuff? In search of a common answer, Gelfand spent two decades conducting research in more than fifty countries. Across all age groups, family variations, social classes, businesses, states, and nationalities, she has identified a primal pattern that can trigger cooperation or conflict. Her fascinating conclusion: behavior is highly influenced by the perception of threat. “A useful and engaging take on human behavior” (Kirkus Reviews) with an approach that is consistently riveting, Rule Makers, Ruler Breakers thrusts many of the puzzling attitudes and actions we observe into sudden and surprising clarity.

Complexity and the Art of Public Policy

Author : David Colander
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691169136
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Complexity and the Art of Public Policy by : David Colander

Download or read book Complexity and the Art of Public Policy written by David Colander and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-16 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How ideas in complexity can be used to develop more effective public policy Complexity science—made possible by modern analytical and computational advances—is changing the way we think about social systems and social theory. Unfortunately, economists' policy models have not kept up and are stuck in either a market fundamentalist or government control narrative. While these standard narratives are useful in some cases, they are damaging in others, directing thinking away from creative, innovative policy solutions. Complexity and the Art of Public Policy outlines a new, more flexible policy narrative, which envisions society as a complex evolving system that is uncontrollable but can be influenced. David Colander and Roland Kupers describe how economists and society became locked into the current policy framework, and lay out fresh alternatives for framing policy questions. Offering original solutions to stubborn problems, the complexity narrative builds on broader philosophical traditions, such as those in the work of John Stuart Mill, to suggest initiatives that the authors call "activist laissez-faire" policies. Colander and Kupers develop innovative bottom-up solutions that, through new institutional structures such as for-benefit corporations, channel individuals’ social instincts into solving societal problems, making profits a tool for change rather than a goal. They argue that a central role for government in this complexity framework is to foster an ecostructure within which diverse forms of social entrepreneurship can emerge and blossom.

Social Norms and Economic Institutions

Author : Kenneth J. Koford
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472102426
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Norms and Economic Institutions by : Kenneth J. Koford

Download or read book Social Norms and Economic Institutions written by Kenneth J. Koford and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the role of values and social norms in the functioning of economic institutions

Social Norms

Author : Michael Hechter
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610442806
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Norms by : Michael Hechter

Download or read book Social Norms written by Michael Hechter and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2001-03-15 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social norms are rules that prescribe what people should and should not do given their social surroundings and circumstances. Norms instruct people to keep their promises, to drive on the right, or to abide by the golden rule. They are useful explanatory tools, employed to analyze phenomena as grand as international diplomacy and as mundane as the rules of the road. But our knowledge of norms is scattered across disciplines and research traditions, with no clear consensus on how the term should be used. Research on norms has focused on the content and the consequences of norms, without paying enough attention to their causes. Social Norms reaches across the disciplines of sociology, economics, game theory, and legal studies to provide a well-integrated theoretical and empirical account of how norms emerge, change, persist, or die out. Social Norms opens with a critical review of the many outstanding issues in the research on norms: When are norms simply devices to ease cooperation, and when do they carry intrinsic moral weight? Do norms evolve gradually over time or spring up spontaneously as circumstances change? The volume then turns to case studies on the birth and death of norms in a variety of contexts, from protest movements, to marriage, to mushroom collecting. The authors detail the concrete social processes, such as repeated interactions, social learning, threats and sanctions, that produce, sustain, and enforce norms. One case study explains how it can become normative for citizens to participate in political protests in times of social upheaval. Another case study examines how the norm of objectivity in American journalism emerged: Did it arise by consensus as the professional creed of the press corps, or was it imposed upon journalists by their employers? A third case study examines the emergence of the norm of national self-determination: has it diffused as an element of global culture, or was it imposed by the actions of powerful states? The book concludes with an examination of what we know of norm emergence, highlighting areas of agreement and points of contradiction between the disciplines. Norms may be useful in explaining other phenomena in society, but until we have a coherent theory of their origins we have not truly explained norms themselves. Social Norms moves us closer to a true understanding of this ubiquitous feature of social life.

Social Norms, Gender and Collective Behaviour

Author : Indranil De
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981166952X
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Norms, Gender and Collective Behaviour by : Indranil De

Download or read book Social Norms, Gender and Collective Behaviour written by Indranil De and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-03 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the nature and type of prevalent collective behavior that influences women empowerment, women workforce participation and behavior change in sanitation. The influence of collective norms and customs have been investigated through a series of studies throughout India. There are very few research works on understanding social norms that distinguishes it from a range of other collective behaviors. This understanding would not only improve analytical clarity on collective behavior in general and social norms in particular, in the context of gender and sanitation, but also improve development practice in these areas. This book is also novel as it would expound the social network in the context of sanitation behavior in India. The tools and techniques discussed in the book are replicable and hence would be helpful for other researchers and development practitioners to analyse other collective behaviours.

Why Society is a Complex Matter

Author : Philip Ball
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642290000
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Society is a Complex Matter by : Philip Ball

Download or read book Why Society is a Complex Matter written by Philip Ball and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-09 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Society is complicated. But this book argues that this does not place it beyond the reach of a science that can help to explain and perhaps even to predict social behaviour. As a system made up of many interacting agents – people, groups, institutions and governments, as well as physical and technological structures such as roads and computer networks – society can be regarded as a complex system. In recent years, scientists have made great progress in understanding how such complex systems operate, ranging from animal populations to earthquakes and weather. These systems show behaviours that cannot be predicted or intuited by focusing on the individual components, but which emerge spontaneously as a consequence of their interactions: they are said to be ‘self-organized’. Attempts to direct or manage such emergent properties generally reveal that ‘top-down’ approaches, which try to dictate a particular outcome, are ineffectual, and that what is needed instead is a ‘bottom-up’ approach that aims to guide self-organization towards desirable states. This book shows how some of these ideas from the science of complexity can be applied to the study and management of social phenomena, including traffic flow, economic markets, opinion formation and the growth and structure of cities. Building on these successes, the book argues that the complex-systems view of the social sciences has now matured sufficiently for it to be possible, desirable and perhaps essential to attempt a grander objective: to integrate these efforts into a unified scheme for studying, understanding and ultimately predicting what happens in the world we have made. Such a scheme would require the mobilization and collaboration of many different research communities, and would allow society and its interactions with the physical environment to be explored through realistic models and large-scale data collection and analysis. It should enable us to find new and effective solutions to major global problems such as conflict, disease, financial instability, environmental despoliation and poverty, while avoiding unintended policy consequences. It could give us the foresight to anticipate and ameliorate crises, and to begin tackling some of the most intractable problems of the twenty-first century.

AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems - Models and Ethical Challenges for Legal Systems, Legal Language and Legal Ontologies, Argumentation and Software Agents

Download AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems - Models and Ethical Challenges for Legal Systems, Legal Language and Legal Ontologies, Argumentation and Software Agents PDF Online Free

Author : Monica Palmirani
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642357318
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems - Models and Ethical Challenges for Legal Systems, Legal Language and Legal Ontologies, Argumentation and Software Agents by : Monica Palmirani

Download or read book AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems - Models and Ethical Challenges for Legal Systems, Legal Language and Legal Ontologies, Argumentation and Software Agents written by Monica Palmirani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inspiring idea of this workshop series, Artificial Intelligence Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems (AICOL), is to develop models of legal knowledge concerning organization, structure, and content in order to promote mutual understanding and communication between different systems and cultures. Complexity and complex systems describe recent developments in AI and law, legal theory, argumentation, the Semantic Web, and multi-agent systems. Multisystem and multilingual ontologies provide an important opportunity to integrate different trends of research in AI and law, including comparative legal studies. Complexity theory, graph theory, game theory, and any other contributions from the mathematical disciplines can help both to formalize the dynamics of legal systems and to capture relations among norms. Cognitive science can help the modeling of legal ontology by taking into account not only the formal features of law but also social behaviour, psychology, and cultural factors. This book is thus meant to support scholars in different areas of science in sharing knowledge and methodological approaches. This volume collects the contributions to the workshop's third edition, which took place as part of the 25th IVR congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, held in Frankfurt, Germany, in August 2011. This volume comprises six main parts devoted to the each of the six topics addressed in the workshop, namely: models for the legal system ethics and the regulation of ICT, legal knowledge management, legal information for open access, software agent systems in the legal domain, as well as legal language and legal ontology.

The Evolution of Cooperation

Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0786734884
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Cooperation by : Robert Axelrod

Download or read book The Evolution of Cooperation written by Robert Axelrod and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.

Lessons Learned from Diverse Efforts to Change Social Norms and Opportunities and Strategies to Promote Behavior Change in Behavioral Health

Download Lessons Learned from Diverse Efforts to Change Social Norms and Opportunities and Strategies to Promote Behavior Change in Behavioral Health PDF Online Free

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309462312
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Lessons Learned from Diverse Efforts to Change Social Norms and Opportunities and Strategies to Promote Behavior Change in Behavioral Health by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Lessons Learned from Diverse Efforts to Change Social Norms and Opportunities and Strategies to Promote Behavior Change in Behavioral Health written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-07 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened two workshops with oversight from the Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms. The workshops provided input to the committee's deliberations and contributed to the development of the report Ending Discrimination against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders. That report was issued to help the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, utilize the scientific evidence base in improving public attitudes toward and understanding of behavioral health, specifically in the areas of mental health and substance use disorders. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions at the two workshops.

Human Simulation: Perspectives, Insights, and Applications

Author : Saikou Y. Diallo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303017090X
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Simulation: Perspectives, Insights, and Applications by : Saikou Y. Diallo

Download or read book Human Simulation: Perspectives, Insights, and Applications written by Saikou Y. Diallo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This uniquely inspirational and practical book explores human simulation, which is the application of computational modeling and simulation to research subjects in the humanities disciplines. It delves into the fascinating process of collaboration among experts who usually don’t have much to do with one another – computer engineers and humanities scholars – from the perspective of the humanities scholars. It also explains the process of developing models and simulations in these interdisciplinary teams. Each chapter takes the reader on a journey, presenting a specific theory about the human condition, a model of that theory, discussion of its implementation, analysis of its results, and an account of the collaborative experience. Contributing authors with different fields of expertise share how each model was validated, discuss relevant datasets, explain development strategies, and frankly discuss the ups and downs of the process of collaborative development. Readers are given access to the models and will also gain new perspectives from the authors’ findings, experiences, and recommendations. Today we are in the early phases of an information revolution, combining access to vast computing resources, large amounts of human data through social media, and an unprecedented richness of methods and tools to capture, analyze, explore, and test hypotheses and theories of all kinds. Thus, this book’s insights will be valuable not only to students and scholars of humanities subjects, but also to the general reader and researchers from other disciplines who are intrigued by the expansion of the information revolution all the way into the humanities departments of modern universities.

Understanding Family Businesses

Author : ALAN CARSRUD
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781461409113
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Family Businesses by : ALAN CARSRUD

Download or read book Understanding Family Businesses written by ALAN CARSRUD and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-29 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Businesses owned and operated by families constitute the vast majority of firms around the world. These firms are found in all industrial segments, from retail and service establishments to heavy manufacturers. Their sizes and revenues range from the smallest venture of a husband and wife roadside food stall in rural India to the largest multinational, highly diversified corporations in the United States and Europe. Many challenges, such as competition, regulation, environmental concerns, access to capital, and macroeconomic factors confront family and nonfamily firms alike. In addition, family and closely-held firms grapple with such issues of succession, continuity, conflict resolution, identity and organizational roles, estate and financial planning that are idiosyncratic to them; when psychological, social, and emotional factors are in play, constantly changing familial relationships influence the strategic and financial choices they make. Yet, there has been comparatively little theoretical or empirical research undertaken on family firms, relative to entrepreneurship and strategic management. This book addresses gaps in the literature by presenting a holistic, multi-disciplinary approach to the study and practice of family business that draws from such fields as psychology, anthropology, sociology, strategy, family therapy, family studies, wealth management, and international business. An international array of experts addresses both macro issues (including the role of family businesses in new business creation and economic development, influences of culture on family business, public policies that can encourage or threaten family business) and firm management (strategic and financial decision making, governance, entering and exiting). Featuring case studies from firms in a variety of industries, Understanding Family Businesses not only offers provocative new insights on family business dynamics, but outlines an agenda for future research.

Evolving Norms

Author : Shinji Teraji
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137502479
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolving Norms by : Shinji Teraji

Download or read book Evolving Norms written by Shinji Teraji and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents institutional evolution and individual choice as codependent results of behavioral patterns. Drawing on F.A. Hayek's concepts of cognition and cultural evolution, Teraji demonstrates how the relationship between the sensory and social orders can allow economists to track social norms and their effects on the global economy. He redirects attention from the conventional focus on what an individual chooses to the changing social order that determines how an individual chooses. Cultural shifts provide the environmental feedback that challenges the mental models governing individual choice, creating a cycle of coevolution. Teraji develops a general framework from which to examine this symbiotic relationship in order to identify predictive patterns. Not just for behavioral economists, this book will also appeal to those who specialize in institutional economics, the philosophy of economics, and economic sociology.

Social Norms, Bounded Rationality and Optimal Contracts

Author : Suren Basov
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811010412
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Norms, Bounded Rationality and Optimal Contracts by : Suren Basov

Download or read book Social Norms, Bounded Rationality and Optimal Contracts written by Suren Basov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the ways in which social norms and bounded rationality shape different contracts in the real world. It brings into focus existing research into optimal contracts, draws important lessons from that research, and outlines prospects for future investigation. Bounded rationality has acknowledged effects on the power of incentive provisions, such as deviations from sufficient statistic theorem, the power of optimal incentives, and the effects of optimal contracts in multicultural environments. The introduction of social norms to bounded rationality opens up new avenues of investigation into contracts and mechanism design. This book makes an important contribution to the study of bounded rationality by pulling together many separate strands of research in the area of mechanism design, and providing detailed analysis of the impact of societal values on contracts.

Advances in Experimental Political Philosophy

Author : Matthew Lindauer
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350254266
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Experimental Political Philosophy by : Matthew Lindauer

Download or read book Advances in Experimental Political Philosophy written by Matthew Lindauer and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political philosophy asks questions of great importance to our lives, both as individuals and members of political communities: What is justice? What does the state owe to its citizens? Under which conditions are different forms of government likely to be stable? The relevance of empirical research to such questions, however, has been largely underexplored. Introducing experimental political philosophy as a burgeoning field of inquiry, this volume brings together leading scholars using empirical methods to shed light on questions of justice and politics, and encourages them to reflect on the relationship of their methodologies to less empirically-focused approaches. Chapters cover traditional topics including distributive justice, egalitarianism, property rights, and healthcare justice, as well as outlining new directions and applications, such as the problem of misogynistic extremist movements, the public justification of immigration enforcement, and the relationship between gender norms and support for care labor organizing. The result is a unique collection that paves the way for further debates in the field and meaningful reflection on what it means for political philosophy to be empirically informed.

The Origin of Wealth

Author : Eric D. Beinhocker
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 9781578517770
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin of Wealth by : Eric D. Beinhocker

Download or read book The Origin of Wealth written by Eric D. Beinhocker and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beinhocker has written this work in order to introduce a broad audience to what he believes is a revolutionary new paradigm in economics and its implications for our understanding of the creation of wealth. He describes how the growing field of complexity theory allows for evolutionary understanding of wealth creation, in which business designs co-evolve with the evolution of technologies and organizational innovations. In addition to giving his audience a tour of this field of complexity economics, he discusses its implications for real-world issues of business.