The Churches And Ethnic Ideology In The Rwandan Crises 1900 1994

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The Churches and Ethnic Ideology in the Rwandan Crises 1900-1994

Author : Tharcisse Gatwa
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1597528234
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Churches and Ethnic Ideology in the Rwandan Crises 1900-1994 by : Tharcisse Gatwa

Download or read book The Churches and Ethnic Ideology in the Rwandan Crises 1900-1994 written by Tharcisse Gatwa and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2008-09-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To many observers, Rwanda was a colony of the White Fathers. That Roman Catholic religious order, created in Algiers in 1868 by Cardinal Lavigerie, evangelized the country from 1900 onwards, effectively becoming the state church. To maintain its domination, the Roman Catholic Church's hierarchy supported the theory of the so-called hamite supremacy by selecting, educating, and establishing an elite among one of the three Rwandan social groups, the Batutsi, who were given the monopoly of power. Frustrations and recriminations that resulted from this injustice and its accompanying exclusion of other groups from power, led to the bloodshed of the uprisings of the 1959 revolution that preceded independence in 1962. Then, in 1959, the Roman Catholic Church abandoned the Batutsi in favour of the Bahutu majority. From 1973 to 1994, both Catholic and Protestant leaders entered into close political relations with the regime of the MRND (Mouvement RŽvolutionnaire National pour le DŽveloppement), which alienated them from the people of Rwanda when human rights abuses were widespread, culminating in the war in 1990 and the genocide of 1994. If the church's mission remains that of teaching and evidencing love, justice and righteousness (Micah 6:8), there is the need for it to recover its credibility so that it can play its part in the healing and reconciliation of the country, and this can only be done through its confession and repentance of it failures and complicity in the tragedies.

When Victims Become Killers

Author : Mahmood Mamdani
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691193835
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis When Victims Become Killers by : Mahmood Mamdani

Download or read book When Victims Become Killers written by Mahmood Mamdani and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An incisive look at the causes and consequences of the Rwandan genocide "When we captured Kigali, we thought we would face criminals in the state; instead, we faced a criminal population." So a political commissar in the Rwanda Patriotic Front reflected after the 1994 massacre of as many as one million Tutsis in Rwanda. Underlying his statement was the realization that, though ordered by a minority of state functionaries, the slaughter was performed by hundreds of thousands of ordinary citizens, including judges, doctors, priests, and friends. Rejecting easy explanations of the Rwandan genocide as a mysterious evil force that was bizarrely unleashed, When Victims Become Killers situates the tragedy in its proper context. Mahmood Mamdani coaxes to the surface the historical, geographical, and political forces that made it possible for so many Hutus to turn so brutally on their neighbors. In so doing, Mamdani usefully broadens understandings of citizenship and political identity in postcolonial Africa and provides a direction for preventing similar future tragedies.

The Genocide Against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches

Author : Philippe Denis
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer
ISBN 13 : 1847012906
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis The Genocide Against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches by : Philippe Denis

Download or read book The Genocide Against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches written by Philippe Denis and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2022 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pioneering study of the role of the Christian churches in the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi; a key work for historians, memory studies scholars, religion scholars and Africanists.

Revival and Reconciliation

Author : Phillip A. Cantrell
Publisher : University of Wisconsin Pres
ISBN 13 : 0299335100
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Revival and Reconciliation by : Phillip A. Cantrell

Download or read book Revival and Reconciliation written by Phillip A. Cantrell and published by University of Wisconsin Pres. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phillip A. Cantrell II takes a critical look at the Anglican Church's crucial role in many aspects of Rwanda's history, particularly its complicity with the current Rwandan regime. He boldly illuminates the Anglican Church's culpability in the events leading to the genocide, calling attention to the consequences of the church's unwavering support for the Rwandan regime.

Religion and Violence in Western Traditions

Author : André Gagné
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000409066
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Religion and Violence in Western Traditions by : André Gagné

Download or read book Religion and Violence in Western Traditions written by André Gagné and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the connection between religion and violence in the Western traditions of the three Abrahamic faiths, from ancient to modern times. It addresses a gap in the scholarly debate on the nature of religious violence by bringing scholars that specialize in pre-modern religions and scriptural traditions into the same sphere of discussion as those specializing in contemporary manifestations of religious violence. Moving beyond the question of the “authenticity” of religious violence, this book brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines. Contributors explore the central role that religious texts have played in encouraging, as well as confronting, violence. The interdisciplinary conversation that takes place challenges assumptions that religious violence is a modern problem that can be fully understood without reference to religious scriptures, beliefs, or history. Each chapter focuses its analysis on a particular case study from a distinct historical period. Taken as a whole, these chapters attest to the persistent relationship between religion and violence that links the ancient and contemporary worlds. This is a dynamic collection of explorations into how religion and violence intersect. As such, it will be a key resource for any scholar of Religious Studies, Theology and Religion and Violence, as well as Christian, Jewish, and Islamic Studies.

The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide

Author : Sara E. Brown
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100047187X
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide by : Sara E. Brown

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide written by Sara E. Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide explores the many and sometimes complicated ways in which religion, faith, doctrine, and practice intersect in societies where mass atrocity and genocide occur. This volume is intended as an entry point to questions about mass atrocity and genocide that are asked by and of people of faith and is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, historical events, and heated debates in this subject area. The 39 contributions to the handbook, by a team of international contributors, span five continents and cover four millennia. Each explores the intersection of religion, faith, and mainly state-sponsored mass atrocity and genocide, and draws from a variety of disciplines. This volume is divided into six core sections: Genocide in Antiquity and Holy Wars The Genocide of Indigenous Peoples Religion and the State The Role of Religion during Genocide Post Genocide Considerations Memory Culture Within these sections central issues, historical events, debates, and problems are examined, including the Crusades; Jihad and ISIS, colonialism, the Holocaust, desecration of ritual objects, politics of religion, Shinto nationalism, attacks on Rohingya Muslims; the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, responses to genocide; gender-based atrocities, ritualcide in Cambodia, burial sites and mass graves, transitional justice, forgiveness, documenting genocide, survivor memory narratives, post-conflict healing and memorialization. The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Genocide is essential reading for students and researchers with an interest in religion and genocide, religion and violence, and religion and politics. It will be of great interest to students of theology, philosophy, genocide studies, narrative studies, history, and international relations and those in related fields, such as cultural studies, area studies, sociology, and anthropology.

Rwanda Before the Genocide

Author : J. J. Carney
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190612371
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Rwanda Before the Genocide by : J. J. Carney

Download or read book Rwanda Before the Genocide written by J. J. Carney and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-07 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Bethwell A. Ogot Book Prize of the African Studies Association Between 1920 and 1994, the Catholic Church was Rwanda's most dominant social and religious institution. In recent years, the church has been critiqued for its perceived complicity in the ethnic discourse and political corruption that culminated with the 1994 genocide. In analyzing the contested legacy of Catholicism in Rwanda, Rwanda Before the Genocide focuses on a critical decade, from 1952 to 1962, when Hutu and Tutsi identities became politicized, essentialized, and associated with political violence. This study--the first English-language church history on Rwanda in over 30 years--examines the reactions of Catholic leaders such as the Swiss White Father André Perraudin and Aloys Bigirumwami, Rwanda's first indigenous bishop. It evaluates Catholic leaders' controversial responses to ethnic violence during the revolutionary changes of 1959-62 and after Rwanda's ethnic massacres in 1963-64, 1973, and the early 1990s. In seeking to provide deeper insight into the many-threaded roots of the Rwandan genocide, Rwanda Before the Genocide offers constructive lessons for Christian ecclesiology and social ethics in Africa and beyond.

On the Path to Genocide

Author : Deborah Mayersen
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1782382852
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Path to Genocide by : Deborah Mayersen

Download or read book On the Path to Genocide written by Deborah Mayersen and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did the Armenian genocide erupt in Turkey in 1915, only seven years after the Armenian minority achieved civil equality for the first time in the history of the Ottoman Empire? How can we explain the Rwandan genocide occurring in 1994, after decades of relative peace and even cooperation between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority? Addressing the question of how the risk of genocide develops over time, On the Path to Genocide contributes to a better understand why genocide occurs when it does. It provides a comprehensive and comparative historical analysis of the factors that led to the 1915 Armenian genocide and the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, using fresh sources and perspectives that yield new insights into the history of the Armenian and Rwandan peoples. Finally, it also presents new research into constraints that inhibit genocide, and how they can be utilized to attempt the prevention of genocide in the future.

Lutheran Identity and Political Theology

Author : Carl-Henric Grenholm
Publisher : James Clarke & Company
ISBN 13 : 0227904508
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (279 download)

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Book Synopsis Lutheran Identity and Political Theology by : Carl-Henric Grenholm

Download or read book Lutheran Identity and Political Theology written by Carl-Henric Grenholm and published by James Clarke & Company. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lutheran tradition has in various ways influenced attitudes to work, the economy, the state, education, and health care. One reason that Lutheran theology has been interpreted in various ways is that it is always influenced by surrounding social andcultural contexts. In a society where the church has lost a great deal of its cultural impact and authority, and where there is a plurality of religious convictions, the question of Lutheran identity has never been more urgent. However, this question is also raised in the Global South where Lutheran churches need to find their identity in a relationship with several other religions. Here this relationship is developed from a minority perspective. Is it possible to develop a Lutheran political theology that gives adequate contributions to issues concerning social and economic justice? What is the role of women in church and society around the world? Is it possible to interpret Lutheran theology in such a way that it includes liberating perspectives? These are some of the questions and issues discussed in this book.

Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author : Kenneth R. Ross
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 147441205X
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Kenneth R. Ross

Download or read book Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Kenneth R. Ross and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference volume covers every country in Sub-Saharan Africa, offering reliable demographic information and original interpretative essays by indigenous scholars and practitioners. It maps patterns of growth and decline, assesses major traditions and movements, analyses key themes and examines current trends.

Postgenocide

Author : Klejda Mulaj
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0192895184
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Postgenocide by : Klejda Mulaj

Download or read book Postgenocide written by Klejda Mulaj and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume studies the after-effects of genocide, exploring the ways in which societies are shaped by a history of such extreme violence. Contributions from a variety of perspectives, including law, political science, sociology, and ethnography, explore previously overlooked themes and cases to reassess existing assumptions in the field.

A History of Rwanda

Author : Klaus Bachmann
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000892905
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Rwanda by : Klaus Bachmann

Download or read book A History of Rwanda written by Klaus Bachmann and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-20 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of Rwanda: From the Monarchy to Post-genocidal Justice provides a complete history of Rwanda, from the precolonial abanyiginya kingdom, through the German and Belgian colonial periods and subsequent independence, and then the devastating 1994 genocide and reconstruction, right up to the modern day. Based on extensive archival research, this book provides new insights and corrects many popular stereotypes about Rwanda, aiming to go beyond the polarized and heated debates focused on the genocide and the events that followed. Readers will get a clear and broad picture of Rwanda’s history and the social and political contexts that have defined the county from the pre-colonial period onwards. Embedding Rwanda’s history in the regional context, this book avoids simple moral judgements and instead shows where and when Rwanda differed from its neighbours and how the country’s history fits into larger debates about colonialism, genocide, ethnicity, race and development. Offering a full and balanced exploration of Rwanda’s rich and paradoxical history, this book will be an important read for researchers and students of African history, genocide studies, transitional justice, colonialism, and political and social anthropology.

Human remains and mass violence

Author : Jean-Marc Dreyfus
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1847799728
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (477 download)

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Book Synopsis Human remains and mass violence by : Jean-Marc Dreyfus

Download or read book Human remains and mass violence written by Jean-Marc Dreyfus and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-16 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. This book outlines for the first time in a single volume the theoretical and methodological tools for a study of human remains resulting from episodes of mass violence and genocide. Despite the highly innovative and contemporary research into both mass violence and the body, the most significant consequence of conflict - the corpse - remains absent from the scope of existing research. Why have human remains hitherto remained absent from our investigation, and how do historians, anthropologists and legal scholars, including specialists in criminology and political science, confront these difficult issues? By drawing on international case studies including genocides in Rwanda, the Khmer Rouge, Argentina, Russia and the context of post-World War II Europe, this ground-breaking edited collection opens new avenues of research. Multidisciplinary in scope, this volume will appeal to readers interested in an understanding of mass violence's aftermath, including researchers in history, anthropology, sociology, law, politics and modern warfare. The research program leading to this publication has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n° 283-617.

A History of Rwandan Identity and Trauma

Author : Randall Fegley
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 149851944X
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Rwandan Identity and Trauma by : Randall Fegley

Download or read book A History of Rwandan Identity and Trauma written by Randall Fegley and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few societies have faced the difficulties of identity building experienced by Rwanda. This book’s introduction reviews literature on the concepts of myth and trauma, and then introduces basic information on Rwanda and how it has been viewed by the outside world. Chapter One describes early Rwanda’s political and cultural development, traditional narratives, group migrations, the effects of German and later Belgian colonialism, and the introduction of Christianity. It concludes with a look at how this early history has been interpreted and reinterpreted. The second chapter discusses the end of Tutsi dominance and the 1959 Hutu Revolution. It details Hutu Power ideology, Belgian domestic politics, early acts of genocide, refugee movements, and economic and political stagnation. The text documents the development of the Rwandan Patriotic Front, its 1990 invasion, and the Arusha peace process. An account of the 1994 genocide follows. However, as this has been covered in numerous other works, descriptions are limited to key events and general patterns. The chapter ends with a review of films, books, and other publications that brought Rwanda’s plight to a worldwide audience, but that also created new myths. Chapter Three examines the country’s post-genocide reconstruction and attempts to bring justice and reconciliation through the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Tanzania and gacaca courts domestically. Rwanda’s impressive record of economic progress over the last two decades is detailed. However, prospects for democracy have diminished, as its leaders have become increasingly sensitive to criticism and fearful of renewed divisions. Descriptions of the process of developing school curriculums to explain past atrocities, the new myths it created, and their possible consequences comprise most of Chapter Four. The final chapter offers conclusions on the effects of past mythologies and the trauma they have wrought. It draws comparisons with other divided societies and their approaches to dealing with the past. These include Burundi, Ethiopia, South Africa, the United States, Taiwan, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, and Singapore. An extensive bibliography of books, theses, conference papers, official documents, articles, periodicals, journals, films, websites, other media, and interviews includes translations of titles in Kinyarwanda, French, Dutch, and German.

Stepp'd in Blood

Author : Andrew Wallis
Publisher : John Hunt Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1789042879
Total Pages : 744 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Stepp'd in Blood by : Andrew Wallis

Download or read book Stepp'd in Blood written by Andrew Wallis and published by John Hunt Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1994 Rwandan genocide against the Tutsi was the signature moral horror of the late 20th century. Andrew Wallis reveals, for the first time, the personal lives and crimes of the family group (‘Akazu’) that destroyed their country and left one million dead. Wallis’ meticulous research uncovers a broad landscape of terror, looking back to the ‘forgotten’ Rwandan genocide of the early 1960s and the failure by the international community, to learn lessons of prevention and punishment, a failure that would be repeated thirty years later. Taking the rise and fall of Akazu personalities and their mafia-like network as its central strand, Stepp'd in Blood reveals how they were aided and abetted by western governments and the churches for decades. And how post-1994, many successfully evaded international justice to enjoy comfortable retirements in the same countries that supported them when they were in power. Stepp'd in Blood publishes in the year of the 25th commemoration of the Rwandan Genocide.

A Rwandan Bishop's Confession

Author : Joel Kubwimana
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1666703168
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (667 download)

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Book Synopsis A Rwandan Bishop's Confession by : Joel Kubwimana

Download or read book A Rwandan Bishop's Confession written by Joel Kubwimana and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2021-08-12 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, I analyze why Bishop Aloys Bigirumwami prioritizes the use of the native language and the value of primal religions in spreading the gospel. According to Bigirumwami, the gospel should be taught in the native language, because it is the people’s heart language. On the other hand, when the message is spoken in non-native languages, the gospel may spread but it does not reach the hearts of the people. As for the primal religions (tradition religions), for Bigirumwami they are part of what Jesus came to fulfill rather than abolish. In Rwanda, Western missionaries neglected the Rwandan primal religions by demonizing them, and the result was that the gospel was not planted in the good soil; the reason why the genocide against the Tutsi was executed in 1994 in a country where 91 percent of its population were Christians. A part of exploring the Christian mission history in Rwanda, this book points out the need to continue where Bigirumwami and others of his time left off in their effort of inculturation of the Christian faith in Rwanda and Africa in general.

On the Significance of Religion in Conflict and Conflict Resolution

Author : Christine Schliesser
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000167534
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Significance of Religion in Conflict and Conflict Resolution by : Christine Schliesser

Download or read book On the Significance of Religion in Conflict and Conflict Resolution written by Christine Schliesser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this ground-breaking volume, the authors analyze the role of religion in conflict and conflict resolution. They do so from the perspectives of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, while bringing different disciplines into play, including peace and conflict studies, religious studies, theology, and ethics. With much of current academic, political, and public attention focusing on the conflictive dimensions of religion, this book also explores the constructive resources of religion for conflict resolution and reconciliation. Analyzing the specific contributions of religious actors in this field, their potentials and possible problems connected with them, this book sheds light on the concrete contours of the oftentimes vague “religious factor” in processes of social change. Case studies in current and former settings of violent conflict such as Israel, post-genocide Rwanda, and Pakistan provide “real-life” contexts for discussion. Combining cutting-edge research with case studies and concrete implications for academics, policy makers, and practitioners, this concise and easily accessible volume helps to build bridges between these oftentimes separated spheres of engagement. The Open Access version of this book, available at: http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003002888, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.