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The Case For An Independent Fiscal Institution In Japan
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Book Synopsis The Case for an Independent Fiscal Institution in Japan by : Mr.George Kopits
Download or read book The Case for an Independent Fiscal Institution in Japan written by Mr.George Kopits and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-08-02 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the recent financial crisis and the ensuing buildup in public indebtedness, an increasing number of advanced economies have created independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) to improve the quality of public finances and to strengthen the credibility of government policy. A review of Japan’s fiscal policymaking over the past decades suggests that Japan would greatly benefit from establishing an IFI in line with internationally accepted standards of good practice. Such an institution could help correct critical weaknesses in policymaking and anchor expectations, especially if introduced as part of a fiscal framework with a medium-term perspective.
Book Synopsis Independent Fiscal Councils: Recent Trends and Performance by : Mr.Roel M. W. J. Beetsma
Download or read book Independent Fiscal Councils: Recent Trends and Performance written by Mr.Roel M. W. J. Beetsma and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Countries increasingly rely on independent fiscal councils to constrain policymakers’ discretion and curb the bias towards excessive deficits and pro-cyclical policies. Since fiscal councils are often recent and heterogeneous across countries, assessing their impact is challenging. Using the latest (2016) vintage of the IMF Fiscal Council Dataset, we focus on two tasks expected to strengthen fiscal performance: the preparation or assessment of forecasts, and the monitoring of compliance with fiscal rules. Tentative econometric evidence suggests that the presence of a fiscal council is associated with more accurate and less optimistic fiscal forecasts, as well as greater compliance with fiscal rules.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Japan 2019 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Japan 2019 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan’s current economic expansion is its longest of the post-war era, with per capita output growth nearly matching the OECD area since 2012. However, the expansion has peaked and global uncertainties weigh on the outlook. Growth is projected to continue at a moderate rate, supported by expansionary monetary policies and fiscal measures to offset the 2019 consumption tax rate hike.
Book Synopsis Institutional Change in Japan by : Magnus Blomström
Download or read book Institutional Change in Japan written by Magnus Blomström and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a new analysis of recent changes in important Japanese institutions. It addresses the origin, development, and recent adaptation of core institutions, including financial institutions, corporate governance, lifetime employment, and the amakudari system. After four decades of rapid economic growth in Japan, the 1990s saw the country enter a prolonged period of economic stagnation. Policy reforms were initially half-hearted, and businesses were slow to restructure as the global economy changed. The lagging economy has been impervious to aggressive fiscal stimulus measures and has been plagued by ongoing price deflation for years. Japan’s struggle has called into question the ability of the country’s economic institutions, originally designed to support factor accumulation and rapid development, to adapt to the new economic environment of the twenty-first century. This book discusses both historical and international comparisons including Meiji Japan, and recent economic and financial reforms in Korea, Scandinavia, Switzerland, and New Zealand, placing the current institutional changes in perspective. The contributors argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom that Japanese institutions have remained relatively rigid, there has been significant institutional change over the last decade.
Book Synopsis The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990's by : Mr.Akihiro Kanaya
Download or read book The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990's written by Mr.Akihiro Kanaya and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a large part of the past decade, Japan has witnessed a steady deterioration in the health of its banking system. This paper examines what went wrong and why it has taken so long for the system to recover. While the paper traces the roots of the crisis to accelerated deregulation and deepening of capital markets without an appropriate adjustment in the regulatory framework, it identifies weak corporate governance and regulatory forbearance as the two factors behind what might have been an unnecessary prolongation of the distress of the financial system.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1475522525 Total Pages :86 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (755 download)
Book Synopsis Japan by : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Download or read book Japan written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-08-02 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper discusses the findings of the IMF staff research focusing on labor market dynamics, economic growth, the financial sector, private investment, and monetary policy in Japan. Japan’s labor market has fared relatively well considering the occasional substantial output losses, with unemployment remaining low. Although Japan’s employment responsiveness to the cyclical position has been relatively low, it has been rising over time reflecting the higher share of the nonregular workforce. The lower employment response to output compared with other countries during the Great Recession reflects the quick implementation of an employment subsidy program, a more flexible wage system, and strong employment protection.
Book Synopsis The Japanese Economy by : Randall Jones
Download or read book The Japanese Economy written by Randall Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-05-23 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan has many unique strengths, but it also faces numerous challenges, many of which are related to population ageing. Rapid demographic change is projected to reduce Japan’s population by one-quarter by 2060 while increasing the share of elderly people from 29% of the total population to 38%, which would be the highest share among advanced countries. This book analyses the Japanese economy and the challenges it faces, and suggests policies to promote wellbeing, high living standards, fiscal sustainability, social inclusion and environmental sustainability. The book’s 24 chapters focus on key aspects of Japan’s economy, including the labour market, innovation, education, women in the workforce, corporate governance, small and medium-sized enterprises, the service sector, agriculture, fiscal and monetary policy, income distribution and policies to address climate change. The volume aims to increase understanding of Japan, the world’s third-largest economy and a key player in the global economy. It will assist policymakers and serve as a resource for academics and students of economics and public policy. As Japan is a front-runner in population ageing, the book’s analysis and policy recommendations are highly relevant to other countries that are, or soon will be, facing similar challenges.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1475550545 Total Pages :20 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (755 download)
Book Synopsis IMF Research Bulletin, September 2016 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book IMF Research Bulletin, September 2016 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The September 2016 issue of the IMF Research Bulletin includes the following two Research Summaries: “A New Look at Bank Capital” (by Jihad Dagher, Giovanni Dell’Ariccia, Luc Laeven, Lev Ratnovski, and Hui Tong) and “Does Growth Create Jobs?: Evidence for Advance and Developing Economies (by Zidong An, Nathalie Gonzalez Prieto, Prakash Loungani, and Saurabh Mishra). The Q&A article by Rabah Arezki discusses “Seven Questions on Rethinking the Oil Market in the Aftermath of the 2014-16 Price Slump.” A listing of recent IMF Working Papers, Staff Discussion Notes, and Recommended Readings from IMF Publications are also included. Readers can also find an announcement on the 2016 Annual Research Conference and links to top cited 2015 articles in the IMF Economic Review.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Councils by : Mr.Roel M. W. J. Beetsma
Download or read book Fiscal Councils written by Mr.Roel M. W. J. Beetsma and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper discusses the effectiveness of independent fiscal institutions—or fiscal councils—in taming the deficit bias that emerged in the 1970s. After a review of the main theoretical arguments and recent trends about fiscal councils, we develop a stylized model showing how a fiscal council can effectively mitigate the deficit bias even though it has no direct lever on the conduct of fiscal policy. We show that the capacity of the fiscal council to improve the public’s understanding of the quality of fiscal policy contributes to better align voters and policymakers’ incentives and to tame the deficit bias affecting well-intended governments. After mapping the model’s key features into a broad set of criteria likely to contribute to the effectiveness of a fiscal council, we use the 2014 vintage of the IMF dataset on independent fiscal institutions to assess whether existing institutions have been built to work.
Book Synopsis Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers by : Robin W. Boadway
Download or read book Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers written by Robin W. Boadway and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design of intergovernmental fiscal transfers has a strong bearing on efficiency and equity of public service provision and accountable local governance. This book provides a comprehensive one-stop window/source of materials to guide practitioners and scholars on design and worldwide practices in intergovernmental fiscal transfers and their implications for efficiency, and equity in public services provision as well as accountable governance.
Book Synopsis Japan: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Japan by : International Monetary
Download or read book Japan: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Japan written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-04-06 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-COVID-19, economic policies under “Abenomics” helped ease financial conditions, exit deflation, and raise labor market participation, but fell short on the deep reforms needed to raise productivity and achieve inclusive and sustainable growth. The Japanese economy is now recovering from the pandemic amid strong policy support that has helped to mitigate the downturn. Japan had substantially lower rates of COVID-related infections and deaths than most advanced economies.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Japan 2024 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Japan 2024 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-01-11 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan has navigated the dual shock of the pandemic and the energy crisis well. However, significant headwinds from weak global growth, geopolitical tensions and high inflation highlight the importance of enhancing the Japanese economy’s resilience to shocks. In a context of inflation, which has risen above target, and pressures from divergent monetary policy from peers, adjustments to monetary policy settings have commenced. Given high public debt, fiscal consolidation to rebuild fiscal buffers, underpinned by a credible medium-term fiscal framework to put the debt-to-GDP ratio on a clear downward path, is key. Longer-term sustainability also requires reducing greenhouse gas emissions in line with government targets, calling for green investment, innovation and carbon pricing. Reforms to improve the innovation framework and incentives for start-ups are key to boost productivity and address ageing pressures. Removing obstacles to the employment of women and older persons and making greater use of foreign workers are also essential to counter demographic headwinds. Strengthening the financial position of young people and policies to support families and children, such as improved parental leave, would help to reverse the downward trend in the fertility rate. SPECIAL FEATURE: ADDRESSING DEMOGRAPHIC HEADWINDS
Book Synopsis Japan’s Corporate Income Tax by : Ruud A. de Mooij
Download or read book Japan’s Corporate Income Tax written by Ruud A. de Mooij and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-08-04 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores how corporate income tax reform can help Japan increase investment and boost potential growth. Using international and Japan-specific empirical estimates of corporate tax elasticities, investment is predicted to expand by around 0.4 percent for each point of rate reduction. International consensus estimates suggest further that between 10 and 30 percent of the static revenue loss could be recovered in the long run through dynamic scoring, although Japan’s offset may be closer to the lower bound. Compensating fiscal measures are necessary in light of Japan’s tight fiscal constraints. The scope for base broadening in the corporate income tax is found to be limited and some forms of base broadening will undo positive investment effects of a rate cut. Alternative revenue sources include higher consumption and property taxes. A gradual approach toward lowering tax rates mitigates windfall gains and reduces short-run revenue costs. An incremental allowance-for-corporate-equity system could boost investment with limited fiscal costs in the short run.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Economic Stagnation by : Randall Wray
Download or read book Handbook of Economic Stagnation written by Randall Wray and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-04-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Economic Stagnation takes a broad view, including contributions from orthodox and heterodox economists who examine situations in countries and worldwide regions, including Japan and the Euro area. To be sure, stagnation is periodically relieved by short economic bursts usually brought on by unsustainable asset price bubbles. Once the bubbles burst, stagnation returns. This book's fresh, comprehensive approach to the topic makes it the premier source for anyone affected by these cycles. Synthesizes and organizes diverse perspectives about crisis economics and future economic growth Emphasizes the relationships among stagnation, international economics, and the global distribution of labor Includes Japan and the Euro zone as well as other countries and regions worldwide
Book Synopsis 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing that a capacity to innovate and commercialize new high-technology products is increasingly a key for the economic growth in the environment of tighter environmental and resource constraints, governments around the world have taken active steps to strengthen their national innovation systems. These steps underscore the belief of these governments that the rising costs and risks associated with new potentially high-payoff technologies, their spillover or externality-generating effects and the growing global competition, require national R&D programs to support the innovations by new and existing high-technology firms within their borders. The National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) has embarked on a study of selected foreign innovation programs in comparison with major U.S. programs. The "21st Century Innovation Systems for the United States and Japan: Lessons from a Decade of Change" symposium reviewed government programs and initiatives to support the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises, government-university- industry collaboration and consortia, and the impact of the intellectual property regime on innovation. This book brings together the papers presented at the conference and provides a historical context of the issues discussed at the symposium.
Book Synopsis OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies Institutions of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations Challenges Ahead by : Korea Institute of Public Finance
Download or read book OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies Institutions of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations Challenges Ahead written by Korea Institute of Public Finance and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes an interdisciplinary look at how the institutions of intergovernmental fiscal relations are shaped, drawing on work by both academics and practitioners in the field.
Book Synopsis Confronting Policy Challenges of the Great Recession by : Eskander Alvi
Download or read book Confronting Policy Challenges of the Great Recession written by Eskander Alvi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this book describe the unprecedented events that led up to the Great Recession, and policymakers' moves to right the economy.
