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Author : János Besenyő
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031566734
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Modern Sub-Saharan Africa written by János Besenyő and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : János Besenyő
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9783031566721
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (667 download)
Download or read book Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Modern Sub-Saharan Africa written by János Besenyő and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2024-08-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acts of terrorism and forms of counter-terrorism have been evolving for quite a long time. Although we have been living with these phenomena for centuries, they have only recently become part of the daily lives of many in the West since the dawn of the millennium. In some countries, they have become so prevalent that they shape the daily lives and habits of citizens. For these reasons, it is of utmost importance for all of us to understand the root causes, the drives and the motives behind terrorist activities, preferably even before they can materialize. In this challenge, counter-terrorism activities play a crucial role. In this book, contributors from various disciplines discuss terrorism and counter-terrorism on the African continent through case studies from Nigeria, Kenya, Cameroon, Ghana, or Mozambique and the Sahel region. In addition to analysis, they offer possible steps for improving the situation.
Author : Donovan C. Chau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781461102441
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)
Download or read book U. S. Counterterrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Donovan C. Chau and published by . This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the most effective long-term approach to U.S. counterterrorism in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)? The purpose of this paper is to lay the framework for answering this central question. The current struggle of the United States and its allies against terrorist groups and individuals motivated by Islamic extremism consumes U.S. military, intelligence, and law enforcement agencies. Never a centerpiece of U.S. foreign and defense policy, SSA is now a front in the conflict to counter global Islamic extremism. As in the past, however, SSA remains largely misunderstood and misperceived in the United States. Yet, the U.S. Government (USG) is now embarked on reform of U.S. policy toward the African continent with uncertain consequences. Following an introduction (Section I), this Letort Paper next analyzes the policy debate in Washington, DC. The focus is on two fundamentally divergent theoretical approaches to U.S.counter-terrorism policy in SSA-development and defense. The former prescribes civilian countermeasures; the latter, military. Examples of the development approach to counterterrorism in SSA range from humanitarian aid to financial and legal assistance to law enforcement training; the approach does not involve the use of the military. In contrast, the defense approach involves any and all uses of the military; this includes the use of the military for nonmilitary purposes such as humanitarian assistance and intervention. Section II, "The Debate in Washington," considers the benefits and costs of the defense approach; the benefits and costs of the development approach; and the metrics for success and failure. What becomes clear is that both metrics-oriented U.S. counterterrorism approaches do not account fully for the patterns and complexities throughout SSA. Furthermore, the extent to which U.S. policy has countered terrorism in the region remains unclear. Only through recognition and understanding of the diverse perspectives across SSA may sound counterterrorism policy be formulated. From the debate in Washington, therefore, the paper moves across the Atlantic Ocean to discuss the attitudes and views of terrorism and counterterrorism in SSA. Due to geographic size and scope, SSA is divided into East, West, and Southern Africa sub-regions so as to highlight the different geographies, histories, threats, and perceptions. Section III, "The Perspectives from SSA," examines African views of terrorism and counterterrorism; the current state of civil military and civil-law enforcement relations; and, ultimately, what counterterrorism is in SSA, and what counterterrorism means to Africans themselves. Discussion of perspectives from the three sub-regions suggests the paramount importance of understanding local identities and cultures, as well as the variegated influence of history on views of terrorism and counterterrorism. Based on the research and findings, the paper concludes with Section IV which provides a summary and recommendations for a new grand strategic approach to U.S. counterterrorism in the region, which should focus on attaining three standards: 1. Seizing and holding the moral high ground. Seizing the moral high ground does not mean conducting actions better than the enemy. Rather, it means understanding what is moral in SSA and striving to achieve that level of morality in all policy considerations and actions. 2. Winning the struggle for perceived legitimacy. Much like morality, legitimacy varies from one group or individual to another. What is crucial here for U.S. counterterrorism policy is to understand perceptions from sub-region to sub-region, country to country, and small folk community to small folk community. 3. Pursuing restrained counterterrorism responses. After a terrorist attack, how the USG and the Department of Defense (DoD), in particular, respond is critical. The main point of restrained counterterrorism responses is the need for unity of effort.
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 142891613X
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Failed states offer attractive venues for terrorist groups seeking to evade counterterrorism efforts of the United States and its partners in the Global War on Terror (GWOT). State failure entails, among its other features, the disintegration and criminalization of public security forces, the collapse of the state administrative structure responsible for overseeing those forces, and the erosion of infrastructure that supports their effective operation. These circumstances make identification of terrorist groups operating within failed states very difficult, and action against such groups, once identified, problematic. Terrorist groups that are the focus of the current GWOT display the characteristics of a network organization with two very different types of cells: terrorist nodes and terrorist hubs. Terrorist nodes are small, closely knit local cells that actually commit terrorist acts in the areas in which they are active. Terrorist hubs provide ideological guidance, financial support, and access to resources enabling node attacks. An examination of three failed states in Sub-Saharan Africa - Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Somalia - reveals the presence of both types of cells and furnishes a context for assessing the threat they pose to the national interests of the United States and its partners.
Author : George Klay Kieh
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136251219
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)
Download or read book West Africa and the U.S. War on Terror written by George Klay Kieh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the terrorist attacks on the American homeland on September 11, 2001, fighting the menace has become the frontier issue on the U.S.’ national security agenda. In the case of the African Continent, the United States has, and continues to accord major attention to the West African sub-region. This book : Evaluates where we can place West Africa within the broader crucible of the U.S. war on terrorism Establishes the key elements of the U.S.’ counter-terrorism policy in West Africa? Examines the U.S. counter-terrorism strategies in West Africa, and evaluates if they are being pursued both at the bilateral and multilateral levels in the region Interrogates the relationship between stability in the sub-region and the waging of the U.S.’ war on terrorism. Specifically, the book examines the crises of underdevelopment—cultural, economic, environmental, political, security and social—in the sub-region, especially their impact on shaping the conditions that provide the taproots of terrorism. Clearly, addressing these multidimensional crises of underdevelopment is pivotal to the success of the U.S. war on terrorism in the sub-region. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of terrorism, homeland security, African Studies, conflict management, and political violence.
Author : George Klay Kieh Jr.
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1793649375
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (936 download)
Download or read book Insurgency, Terrorism, and Counterterrorism in Africa written by George Klay Kieh Jr. and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insurgency, Terrorism, and Counterterrorism in Africa, edited by George Klay Kieh, Jr. and Kelechi A. Kalu, addresses the need for a systematic understanding and examination of insurgent movements and terrorist organizations, as well as state policies that instigate intrastate conflicts in African states. It examines and documents the tactics that are used by anti-government forces, states’ counterterrorism responses, and the human security impacts of insecurity on citizens across various communities in Africa. The contributors’ extensive research methods include case studies that explore activities of terrorist organizations like Al Shabaab, Al Qaeda, Boko Haram, and the Islamic State. It presents new and productive insights about counterterrorism strategies deployed by selected African states, the African Union, and the U.S. A historically rich and politically focused analysis of states as co-conspirators in terrorism-induced insecurity in Africa, this book challenges existing literature on terrorism that largely focuses on the actions of non-state entities. It provides practical insights to policymakers that desire to end insecurity and promote inclusive governance in Africa.
Author : Thomas A. Dempsey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)
Download or read book Counterterrorism in African Failed States written by Thomas A. Dempsey and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrorist groups operating in Sub-Saharan Africa failed states have demonstrated the ability to avoid the scrutiny of Western counterterrorism officials, while supporting and facilitating terrorist attacks on the United States and its partners. The potential acquisition of nuclear weapons by terrorists makes terrorist groups operating from failed states especially dangerous. U.S. counterterrorism strategies largely have been unsuccessful in addressing this threat. A new strategy is called for, one that combines both military and law enforcement efforts in a fully integrated counterterrorism effort, supported by a synthesis of foreign intelligence capabilities with intelligence-led policing to identify, locate, and take into custody terrorists operating from failed states before they are able to launch potentially catastrophic attacks.
Author : Thomas Dempsey
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 9781312307315
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (73 download)
Download or read book Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions written by Thomas Dempsey and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2014-06-25 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Failed states-states in which government authority has collapsed, violence has become endemic, and functional governance has ceased-have emerged in the period since the end of the Cold War as one of the most difficult challenges confronting the international community, especially in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa. Transnational terrorist groups use the chaos of failed states to shield themselves from effective counterterrorism efforts by the international community. The potential nexus of failed state-based terrorism and terrorists' access to Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), especially nuclear WMD, escalates the risk that such groups pose to the United States and to its allies in the Global War on Terror. In this monograph, the author finds that current counterterrorism strategies have yielded limited results in addressing the threat posed by terrorist groups operating in and from failed states. He argues that the uniquely challenging conditions in such states require a new approach to counterterrorism.
Author : Donovan C. Chau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book U.S. Counterterrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Donovan C. Chau and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jacobus Kotze
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781534779716
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (797 download)
Download or read book The Egg Breakers - Counter Terrorism in Sub Saharan Africa written by Jacobus Kotze and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous counter insurgency wars took place in Sub Saharan Africa since the 1950s. This book is a comparative study on how the terrorists and the Security Forces evolved through the years, starting with the Kenya Uhuru, then the Rhodesian Bush War and lastly the South African Border War and Counter terrorism operations inside the country. The author was part of the South African Police Force between 1985-1991 and touched this subject briefly in his autobiography, Mean Streets - Life in the Apartheid Police. What is also fascinating is the chapter on why Western Intelligence Agencies are failing in Sub Saharan Africa currently. An unorthodox view in using history to know tomorrow.
Author : Professor John Davis
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 140949845X
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Africa and the War on Terrorism written by Professor John Davis and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abject poverty and official corruption make parts of Africa a very attractive destination for terrorist organizations. Opportunities have developed during the pre- and post-9/11 periods in Africa for the recruitment of terrorists, attainment of bases of operations and sources of funding for Al Qaeda or its affiliated terror groups. This comprehensive volume provides an extensive examination of major terrorist events in Africa. It highlights internal and external indices to illustrate why Africa is so ripe for terrorism, ostensibly in terms of recruitment as well as attainment and sources of funding due to the continent's continuing poverty and corruption. The volume will prove indispensable reading for anyone researching security issues, political sociology and African studies.
Author : Göktuğ Sönmez
Publisher : ORSAM
ISBN 13 : 6257219523
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (572 download)
Download or read book Orsam Analiz Sayı:281 / Terrorist Activity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Main Actors And International Dynamics written by Göktuğ Sönmez and published by ORSAM. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-Saharan Africa has come to be one of the regions where ISIS and al-Qaeda gained influence and considerable visibility, both direct and indirect, particularly after 2014 and 2015. This region receives relatively less attention and scrutiny from academia, politicians and decision-makers compared to the Middle East and North Africa, which stand out as priority areas of global focus in recent years. In contrast, the region is of greater importance that is likely to increase due to the factors such as the increasing economic and political interest that the world has taken with regard to Africa and particularly to Sub-Saharan Africa, the rising competition among the great powers in the last two decades and Turkey’s active policies toward Africa. At the same time, the region has a five percent average growth expectation in 2020-2030 and some of the fastest growing countries of the last decade are located in the continent, which increases its global importance. Certainly, the small scale of regional economies and the international actors’ rising economic engagement in the region play a significant role with these numerical data. While the international actors increase their engagement in the region, which enjoys a significant forward-looking potential, ISIS and al-Qaeda have taken an interest in the region resulting in remarkable outcomes that are likely to continue in the following years. Within this framework, this report first touches upon the current situation of the region in the context of terrorism and then examines al-Shabab and Boko Haram, the two organizations with allegiance to al-Qaeda and ISIS. Afterwards, it elaborates on the forward-looking expectations related to these groups’ rising activities and Turkey’s possible role and policies. According to the data by the Global Terrorism Index (GTI), which is the most important reference in its field based on the data collected by the Institute for Economics & Peace National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland, forty percent of the ISIS-related deaths worldwide took place in Sub-Saharan Africa. Seven of the ten countries, which experienced the largest increase in terrorist activity on a global scale, are located in this region. While terrorism-related deaths decreased by 15.5% in the world between 2018 and 2019, it has risen by 67% in the region in the same period. The demography of the African continent, which is mobilized by the conflicts, genocides and forced migrations from Rwanda to Sudan, from Central Africa to Guinea and Liberia, suffers from systemic issues such as deprivation in new regions, integration problems and sociological and psychological problems that escalate the tension of the masses with the system. Nevertheless, the region has the potential to grow rapidly, has high human mobility and security problems, and thus has become one of the focal points of the world. Nonetheless, such a mobilized demographic entity is likely to pose important risks in terms of both hard security and human security. Therefore, the African continent has the potential to become the main source of international migration and related global crisis after the Middle East. The presence of terrorism in the continent should be traced back at least to the period when al-Qaeda took hold in Sudan, which coincides with the religiously-motivated fourth wave of terrorism in the context of the terrorism waves conceived by Rapoport even if the anti-colonial movement in Algeria is ignored. Even though it was sidelined by the key role of Afghanistan in the christening of and the fight against global terrorism, Africa is the region where the structure conceived its identity and upgraded its action capability to a higher level. Despite the fact that al-Qaeda gained its form and visibility after the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, Africa is the region that al-Qaeda managed to acquire the capacity for carrying out international and high-profile attacks. One should remember that al-Qaeda’s first attacks against the USA were the bombings of the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998. For better understanding the Libyan crisis of today, one should consider the negative effects of ISIS and al-Qaeda affiliates in North Africa on both the regional stability and human potential of the region. Even though the focus of global terrorism shifted to the Middle East between 2012 and 2015 due to ISIS, it reverted back to its main course after 2015. Africa has gained more significance each year in the context of global terrorism and has turned into a region that surpasses the other two possible focal points, Central Asia and Southeast Asia.
Author : Martha Crenshaw
Publisher : Dartmouth Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Terrorism in Africa written by Martha Crenshaw and published by Dartmouth Publishing Company. This book was released on 1993 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of a series, this work is concerned with international terrorism, and deals with its manifestation in Africa. Among the events and topics covered are: the Entebbe rescue mission; African guerillas and indigenous governments; South Africa, terrorism and state disintegration; and more.
Author : Stephen Emerson
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526122766
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)
Download or read book African security in the twenty-first century written by Stephen Emerson and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores and analyses the evolving African security paradigm in light of the multitude of diverse threats and challenges facing the continent and the international community. It challenges current thinking and traditional security constructs as woefully inadequate to meet the real security needs of African governments and their 1 billion plus citizens in an increasingly globalised and interdependent world. Through the lens of human security the authors’ examine the continent’s most pressing security challenges—from identity conflict and failing states to terrorism, disease, and environmental degradation—and in doing so provide a comprehensive look at the complexities of building peace and stability in modern-day Africa. Not only does the book critically assess the state of progress in addressing security challenges, but it presents new strategies and tools for more effectively engaging Africans and the global community in their common search for solutions.
Author : George H. Rasmussen
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781606928448
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (284 download)
Download or read book U.S. Counter Terrorism Efforts in Africa written by George H. Rasmussen and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the author finds that current counter-terrorism strategies have yielded limited results in addressing the threat posed by terrorist groups operating in and from failed states. They argue that the uniquely challenging conditions in such states require a new approach to counter-terrorism. By integrating the law enforcement and military instruments of power, U.S. strategists can craft an approach to counter-terrorism that leverages the core competencies of both the military and law enforcement communities. The authors conclude that the synergies available from an integrated approach promise to be more effective in locating, apprehending, and bringing to justice terrorists and suspected terrorists in failed states than either the military or law enforcement communities operating independently.
Author : Andre Le Sage
Publisher : Potomac Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1612343813
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (123 download)
Download or read book African Counterterrorism Cooperation written by Andre Le Sage and published by Potomac Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-07 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa is a continent of growing strategic importance in the global war on terrorism. Over the past decade, it has seen a significant number of terrorist attacks and operations, both north and south of the Sahara. Many of these attacks have been led by, coordinated with, or purported to be in support of al Qaeda, but others have been launched by African organizations without significant external support. African Counterterrorism Cooperation provides an overview of terrorist threats in each African economic region and examines terrorism and counterterrorism efforts on the continent as a whole. Drawn largely from papers presented by distinguished experts at a recent conference sponsored by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies at the National Defense University in Washington, DC, this volume comprises chapters on terrorism threats and vulnerabilities in Africa, the roles of the African Union and the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development, counterterrorism measures in East Africa, terrorism threats and responses in the Southern African Development Community Region, and counterterrorism initiatives in the Economic Community of West African States. The final chapter offers an overview of U.S. support for African counterterrorism efforts. Edited by Dr. Andre Le Sage and with a foreword by Gen. Carlton W. Fulford, Jr., USMC (Ret.).
Author : Kelechi A. Kalu
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135007381
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)
Download or read book United States - Africa Security Relations written by Kelechi A. Kalu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United States-Africa relations have experienced four major cycles. The first cycle was during the Cold War(1960-1990). During this period, the U.S. developed a one-sided relationship with various African states in which the latter served as "foot soldiers" for the U.S. in its competition with the Soviet Union for global domination. Among other things, the various client African states provided the U.S. with access to airfields, deep water ports and sites for the establishment of various intelligence gathering facilities. In addition, the U.S. used various groups like UNITA led by Jonas Savimbi in Angola to undermine and fight pro-Soviet regimes on the continent. The second cycle of the relationship covered the period 1991-1998. During this time, the U.S. scaled down its security activities in Africa. The major reason was that with the end of the Cold War Africa(with few exceptions like Egypt) was no longer a major front for the promotion of U.S. Security interests. The third cycle commenced in 1998 and ended in 2001. This period was characterized by the U.S.’ search for an approach to frame its security relations with Africa. In this vein, the U.S. undertook various military-security initiatives . The fourth cycle began after the 9/11 terrorist attacks against the American homeland. Since then, the U.S. has expanded the scope of its security relations with Africa, as reflected in the establishment of various initiatives and programs. At the core is the prosecution of the American "war on terror." Against this backdrop, this book examines some of the major dimensions of the U.S.’ security relations with Africa, including American security interests on the continent, the "war on terror," AFRICOM, and military cooperation. Using the book’s integrative theoretical framework, each of the chapters in the volume examines the various factors that shape the issue of focus.
