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Temperature Measurements In Gases Using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence Imaging Of No And Op2s
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Book Synopsis Label-Free Super-Resolution Microscopy by : Vasily Astratov
Download or read book Label-Free Super-Resolution Microscopy written by Vasily Astratov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the advances in super-resolution microscopy in physics and biomedical optics for nanoscale imaging. In the last decade, super-resolved fluorescence imaging has opened new horizons in improving the resolution of optical microscopes far beyond the classical diffraction limit, leading to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014. This book represents the first comprehensive review of a different type of super-resolved microscopy, which does not rely on using fluorescent markers. Such label-free super-resolution microscopy enables potentially even broader applications in life sciences and nanoscale imaging, but is much more challenging and it is based on different physical concepts and approaches. A unique feature of this book is that it combines insights into mechanisms of label-free super-resolution with a vast range of applications from fast imaging of living cells to inorganic nanostructures. This book can be used by researchers in biological and medical physics. Due to its logically organizational structure, it can be also used as a teaching tool in graduate and upper-division undergraduate-level courses devoted to super-resolved microscopy, nanoscale imaging, microscopy instrumentation, and biomedical imaging.
Book Synopsis Building Energy Audits-Diagnosis and Retrofitting by : Constantinos A. Balaras
Download or read book Building Energy Audits-Diagnosis and Retrofitting written by Constantinos A. Balaras and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book “Building Energy Audits-Diagnosis and Retrofitting” is a collection of twelve papers that focus on the built environment in order to systematically collect and analyze relevant data for the energy use profile of buildings and extended for the sustainability assessment of the built environment. The contributions address historic buildings, baselines for non-residential buildings from energy performance audits, and from in-situ measurements, monitoring, and analysis of data, and verification of energy saving and model calibration for various building types. The works report on how to diagnose existing problems and identify priorities, assess, and quantify the opportunities and measures that improve the overall building performance and the environmental quality and well-being of occupants in non-residential buildings and houses. Several case studies and lessons learned from the field are presented to help the readers identify, quantify, and prioritize effective energy conservation and efficiency measures. Finally, a new urban sustainability audit and rating method of the built environment addresses the complexities of the various issues involved, providing practical tools that can be adapted to match local priorities in order to diagnose and evaluate the current state and future scenarios towards meeting specific sustainable development goals and local priorities.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781730835018 Total Pages :64 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (35 download)
Book Synopsis Quantitative Plif Imaging in High-Pressure Combustion by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Quantitative Plif Imaging in High-Pressure Combustion written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final report for a research project aimed at developing planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) techniques for quantitative 2-D species imaging in fuel-lean, high-pressure combustion gases, relevant to modem aircraft gas turbine combustors. The program involved both theory and experiment. The theoretical activity led to spectroscopic models that allow calculation of the laser-induced fluorescence produced in OH, NO and 02 for arbitrary excitation wavelength, pressure, temperature, gas mixture and laser linewidth. These spectroscopic models incorporate new information on line- broadening, energy transfer and electronic quench rates. Extensive calculations have been made with these models in order to identify optimum excitation strategies, particularly for detecting low levels (ppm) of NO in the presence of large 02 mole fractions (10% is typical for the fuel-lean combustion of interest). A promising new measurement concept has emerged from these calculations, namely that excitation at specific wavelengths, together with detection of fluorescence in multiple spectral bands, promises to enable simultaneous detection of both NO (at ppm levels) and 02 or possibly NO, 02 and temperature. Calculations have been made to evaluate the expected performance of such a diagnostic for a variety of conditions and choices of excitation and detection wavelengths. The experimental effort began with assembly of a new high-pressure combustor to provide controlled high-temperature and high-pressure combustion products. The non-premixed burner enables access to postflame gases at high temperatures (to 2000 K) and high pressures (to 13 atm), and a range of fuel-air equivalence ratios. The chamber also allowed use of a sampling probe, for chemiluminescent detection of NO/NO2, and thermocouples for measurement of gas temperature. Experiments were conducted to confirm the spectroscopic models for OH, NO and 02. Hanson, R. K. Glenn Research Center...
Book Synopsis Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy by : Bernhard Schrader
Download or read book Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy written by Bernhard Schrader and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an excellent introduction to vibrational spectroscopy for scientists in academia and industry. Both infrared and Raman spectroscopy are covered comprehensively and up-to-date. Therefore the book may also be used as a handbook for easy reference. Written in the language of chemists, it explains the basic theory and instrumentation, the interpretation and evaluation of spectra. Furthermore numerous, worked-out examples of practical applications are presented. Therefore the reader is enabled to apply infrared and Raman spectroscopy for solving his own problem and to design suitable experimental procedures. This book also serves as a guide to the relevant literature
Book Synopsis Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species by : Alan C. Eckbreth
Download or read book Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species written by Alan C. Eckbreth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-10-10 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on spectroscopically-based, spatially-precise, laser techniques for temperature and chemical composition measurements in reacting and non-reacting flows, this book makes these powerful and important new tools in combustion research
Book Synopsis IR and Raman Spectroscopy by : Siegfried Wartewig
Download or read book IR and Raman Spectroscopy written by Siegfried Wartewig and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to practical IR and Raman spectroscopy. This interactive course shows newcomers the decisive and central steps in IR and Raman spectroscopy, together with their processing. Using the latest version of the packaged BRUKER software, users can manipulate the data to meet their own special requirements for further evaluation, allowing them to do without automatic processing or expert help. Furthermore, the CD-ROM contains a comprehensive library of spectra for comparing data results with model compounds. Unique in its successful interplay of text, software and pre-prepared data.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721932153 Total Pages :202 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (321 download)
Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide in Counterflow Diffusion Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide in Counterflow Diffusion Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of making quantitative nonintrusive NO concentration ([NO]) measurements in nonpremixed flames has been assessed by obtaining laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of [NO] in counterflow diffusion flames at atmospheric and higher pressures. Comparisons at atmospheric pressure between laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF) and linear LIF measurements in four diluted ethane-air counterflow diffusion flames with strain rates from 5 to 48/s yielded excellent agreement from fuel-lean to moderately fuel-rich conditions, thus indicating the utility of a model-based quenching correction technique, which was then extended to higher pressures. Quantitative LIF measurements of [NO] in three diluted methane-air counterflow diffusion flames with strain rates from 5 to 35/s were compared with OPPDIF model predictions using the GRI (version 2.11) chemical kinetic mechanism. The comparisons revealed that the GRI mechanism underpredicts prompt-NO by 30-50% at atmospheric pressure. Based on these measurements, a modified reaction rate coefficient for the prompt-NO initiation reaction was proposed which causes the predictions to match experimental data. Temperature measurements using thin filament pyrometry (TFP) in conjunction with a new calibration method utilizing a near-adiabatic H2-air Hencken burner gave very good comparisons with model predictions in these counterflow diffusion flames. Quantitative LIF measurements of [NO] were also obtained in four methane-air counterflow partially-premixed flames with fuel-side equivalence ratios (phi(sub B)) of 1.45, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0. The measurements were in excellent agreement with model predictions when accounting for radiative heat loss. Spatial separation between regions dominated by the prompt and thermal NO mechanisms was observed in the phi(sub B) = 1.45 flame. The modified rate coefficient proposed earlier for the prompt-NO initiation reaction improved agreement between code predictions and measurements in the re
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781724277794 Total Pages :244 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (777 download)
Book Synopsis Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide in High-Pressure Premixed Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide in High-Pressure Premixed Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) has been applied to the quantitative measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in premixed, laminar, high-pressure flames. Their chemistry was also studied using three current kinetics schemes to determine the predictive capabilities of each mechanism with respect to NO concentrations. The flames studied were low-temperature (1600 less than T less than 1850K) C2H6/O2/N2 and C2H6/O2/N2 flames, and high temperature (2100 less than T less than 2300K) C2H6/O2/N2 flames. Laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF) was initially used to measure the NO concentrations. However, while the excitation transition was well saturated at atmospheric pressure, the fluorescence behavior was basically linear with respect to laser power at pressures above 6 atm. Measurements and calculations demonstrated that the fluorescence quenching rate variation is negligible for LIF measurements of NO at a given pressure. Therefore, linear LIF was used to perform quantitative measurements of NO concentration in these high-pressure flames. The transportability of a calibration factor from one set of flame conditions to another also was investigated by considering changes in the absorption and quenching environment for different flame conditions. The feasibility of performing LIF measurements of (NO) in turbulent flames was studied; the single-shot detection limit was determined to be 2 ppm. Reisel, John R. and Laurendeau, Normand M. Unspecified Center NASA-CR-195404, E-9248, NAS 1.26:195404 NAG3-1038; RTOP 537-02-20...
Book Synopsis Nanoclusters and Nanocrystals by : Hari Singh Nalwa
Download or read book Nanoclusters and Nanocrystals written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoclusters' potential applications include microelectronics, magnetic storage, optical data storage, spintronics devices, telecommunications, sensors, transducers, biological markers, switches, electroluminescent displays, chemical reactors, and catalysts, among others; nanocrystalline materials w
Book Synopsis Bibliography on the Measurement of Gas Temperature by : Paul D. Freeze
Download or read book Bibliography on the Measurement of Gas Temperature written by Paul D. Freeze and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modern Gas-Based Temperature and Pressure Measurements by : Franco Pavese
Download or read book Modern Gas-Based Temperature and Pressure Measurements written by Franco Pavese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-28 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2nd edition volume of Modern Gas-Based Temperature and Pressure Measurements follows the first publication in 1992. It collects a much larger set of information, reference data, and bibliography in temperature and pressure metrology of gaseous substances, including the physical-chemical issues related to gaseous substances. The book provides solutions to practical applications where gases are used in different thermodynamic conditions. Modern Gas-Based Temperature and Pressure Measurements, 2nd edition is the only comprehensive survey of methods for pressure measurement in gaseous media used in the medium-to-low pressure range closely connected with thermometry. It assembles current information on thermometry and manometry that involve the use of gaseous substances which are likely to be valid methods for the future. As such, it is an important resource for the researcher. This edition is updated through the very latest scientific and technical developments of gas-based temperature and pressure measurements using thermometry and manometry, and brings all of the techniques together under one cover. This book fills the gap in international literature, as no other recently published book provides a comprehensive survey for gaseous media closely connected with thermometry. Updates in this new edition include revised appendices and new chapters on Mutual Recognition Agreement of the Comité International des Poids et Mesures and its main applications, and developments in the European Metrology Society.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Gas Temperature Measurements Using a Personal Computer for Data Acquisition and Reduction by : Gustave C. Fralick
Download or read book Dynamic Gas Temperature Measurements Using a Personal Computer for Data Acquisition and Reduction written by Gustave C. Fralick and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser Probes for Combustion Chemistry by : David R. Crosley
Download or read book Laser Probes for Combustion Chemistry written by David R. Crosley and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spectroscopic Gas Temperature Measurement by : Richard H. Tourin
Download or read book Spectroscopic Gas Temperature Measurement written by Richard H. Tourin and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser Thermometry of Solids by : A. N. Magunov
Download or read book Laser Thermometry of Solids written by A. N. Magunov and published by Cambridge International Science Pub. This book was released on 2006-07 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser thermometry is based on the remote measurement of temperature-dependent parameters of solid bodies by means of a probing beam. The book examines the principles, special features and restrictions of some methods of non-contact temperature measurements of solida. Various laser methods are compared by means of several criteria important for practical application. Laser thermometry is applied in the conditions in which the commercial methods are ineffective: in the interaction of gas-discharge plasma, ion or laser beams with the surface, applying thin films and etching the microstructure of integrated circuits.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781723190957 Total Pages :196 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (99 download)
Book Synopsis Laser Raman Diagnostics in Subsonic and Supersonic Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Laser Raman Diagnostics in Subsonic and Supersonic Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultraviolet (UV) spontaneous vibrational Raman scattering combined with laser-induced predissociative fluorescence (LIPF) is developed for temperature and multi-species concentration measurements. Simultaneous measurements of temperature, major species (H2, O2, N2, H2O), and minor species (OH) concentrations are made with a 'single' narrow band KrF excimer laser in subsonic and supersonic lifted turbulent hydrogen-air diffusion flames. The UV Raman system is calibrated with a flat-flame diffusion burner operated at several known equivalence ratios from fuel-lean to fuel-rich. Temperature measurements made by the ratio of Stokes/anti-Stokes signal and by the ideal gas law are compared. The single shot measurement precision for concentration and temperature measurement is 5 to 10 pct. Calibration constants and bandwidth factors are determined from the flat burner measurements and used in a data reduction program to arrive at temperature and species concentration measurements. These simultaneous measurements of temperature and multi-species concentrations allow a better understanding of the complex turbulence-chemistry interactions and provide information for the input and validation of CFD models. Cheng, T. S. and Wehrmeyer, J. A. and Pitz, R. W. Unspecified Center DIFFUSION FLAMES; GAS JETS; LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RAMAN SPECTRA; SUBSONIC FLOW; SUPERSONIC JET FLOW; TURBULENT JETS; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); EQUATIONS OF STATE; EXCIMER LASERS; IDEAL GAS; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; TURBULENT DIFFUSION; VIBRATION...
