Technical Aspects Of Focal Therapy In Localized Prostate Cancer

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Technical Aspects of Focal Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer

Author : Eric Barret
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 2817804848
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Technical Aspects of Focal Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer by : Eric Barret

Download or read book Technical Aspects of Focal Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer written by Eric Barret and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focal therapy is a promising option for selected patients who have localized low or intermediate-risk prostate cancer, providing a compelling alternative between active surveillance and radical therapies by targeting the index lesion and preserving as much tissue as possible. Numerous cohort studies have already investigated multiple focal techniques, such as cryotherapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, brachytherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser therapy, irreversible electroporation and cyberknife methods, all of which have demonstrated positive oncological outcomes with 70 to 90 % negative follow-up biopsy. These various ablative techniques have produced only minor side-effects concerning urinary function, a low rate of erectile dysfunction, and have demonstrated a limited rectal toxicity. As a result, the primary end-point has now shifted and a new strategy needs to be established for patient follow-up and for defining treatment failure. Written by international experts in the field, this book is mainly focused on new techniques, all of which are amply illustrated. Technical Aspects of Focal Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer will be of great practical value to all urologists and oncologists.

Focal Therapy in Prostate Cancer

Author : Hashim Uddin Ahmed
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444346873
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Focal Therapy in Prostate Cancer by : Hashim Uddin Ahmed

Download or read book Focal Therapy in Prostate Cancer written by Hashim Uddin Ahmed and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-19 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively reviews the potential of focal therapy and discusses why the changing face of prostate cancer warrants a change in the way we treat men with the disease. It deals with the mechanisms by which disease can be localized within the gland and then the different technologies used for focal ablation. Bringing together eminent contributors in one accessible reference, this book introduces focal therapy to all urologists, oncologists, and radiologists who are involved in the treatment of men with prostate cancer.

Focal Therapy of Prostate Cancer

Author : Stefan Thüroff
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319141600
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Focal Therapy of Prostate Cancer by : Stefan Thüroff

Download or read book Focal Therapy of Prostate Cancer written by Stefan Thüroff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-20 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a 2015 state of the art update on the hot topic of focal prostate cancer therapy, which offers a means of preserving the prostate and avoiding major side-effects associated with conventional treatment strategies. In so doing, focal therapy meets the desire of many patients, especially those with low-risk disease, to avoid or postpone radical therapies in order to preserve quality of life. A wide range of aspects are covered, including the role of imaging-guided targeted biopsies, the pros and cons of surveillance in comparison with focal therapy, focal hemiablation and focal salvage therapy, multifocal therapies, focal cryotherapy. The potential role of various new diagnostic technologies as well as specific therapeutic devices as "Focal.One" robotic high-intensity focused ultrasound are explained. The authors are all international experts who are long-term proponents of non-invasive treatment of prostate cancer. "Focal Therapy of Prostate Cancer" will be an invaluable source of information for urologists, oncologists, radiation oncologists, and general practitioners, and also for patients wishing to learn more about this new treatment option.

Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer

Author : Thomas J. Polascik
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319499114
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer by : Thomas J. Polascik

Download or read book Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer written by Thomas J. Polascik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-22 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text encompass an up-to-date, comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art for gland preserving therapies. Fully updated and revised, this text evaluates the scientific evidence for the evolving trend to treat intermediate risk, clinically localized prostate cancer in a focally ablative manner with novel gland-preserving, focal therapy methods. Various ablative devices such as high intensity focused ultrasound, irreversible electroporation, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy and laser ablation, among others, is discussed in regard to their strengths and limitations as a therapeutic modality. Emphasis is placed on patient selection and outcomes utilizing both advanced imaging techniques and pathologic evaluation. Current and new approaches to image cancer foci within the prostate (multiparametric ultrasonography, multiparametric magnetic resonance image, etc) are presented along with various biopsy techniques, including robotics to map prostate cancer. Patient selection based on imaging and genomic classification, adjuvants to enhance therapy, treatment strategy, outcomes and patient centered concerns is discussed, providing an acceptable balance between cancer control and improved quality of life for patients. Written by experts in the field and lavishly illustrated with detailed line-art and photographs, Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer, Second Edition is designed as a comprehensive resource for urologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, radiologists, uropathologists, molecular biologists, biomedical engineers, other clinicians –- residents, fellows, nurses and allied professionals -- and researchers with an interest in the diagnosis and novel treatment of prostate cancer. It will provide insight into the latest research and clinical applications of image-guided diagnosis and minimally invasive focal, gland-preserving treatment for prostate cancer.

Handbook of Focal Therapy for Prostate and Renal Cancer

Author : Truls Bjerklund Johansen
Publisher : JP Medical Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1909836117
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Focal Therapy for Prostate and Renal Cancer by : Truls Bjerklund Johansen

Download or read book Handbook of Focal Therapy for Prostate and Renal Cancer written by Truls Bjerklund Johansen and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive, timely review of targeted ablation methods to treat prostate and renal cancers. It describes the most effective techniques in current practice, with discussion of the selection criteria, ablation technologies and their limitations, and advice on the management of common side effects.

Irreversible Electroporation

Author : Boris Rubinsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364205420X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Irreversible Electroporation by : Boris Rubinsky

Download or read book Irreversible Electroporation written by Boris Rubinsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-thermal irreversible electroporation is a new minimally invasive surgical p- cedure with unique molecular selectivity attributes – in fact it may be considered the first clinical molecular surgery procedure. Non-thermal irreversible electro- ration is a molecular selective mode of cell ablation that employs brief electrical fields to produce nanoscale defects in the cell membrane, which can lead to cell death, without an effect on any of the other tissue molecules. The electrical fields can be produced through contact by insertion of electrode needles around the undesirable tissue and non-invasively by electromagnetic induction. This new - dition to the medical armamentarium requires the active involvement and is of interest to clinical physicians, medical researchers, mechanical engineers, che- cal engineers, electrical engineers, instrumentation designers, medical companies and many other fields and disciplines that were never exposed in their training to irreversible electroporation or to a similar concept. This edited book is designed to be a comprehensive introduction to the field of irreversible electroporation to those that were not exposed or trained in the field before and can also serve as a reference manual. Irreversible electroporation is broad and interdisciplinary. Therefore, we have made an attempt to cover every one of the various aspects of the field from an introductory basic level to state of the art.

Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer

Author : Laurence Klotz
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 3319627104
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer by : Laurence Klotz

Download or read book Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer written by Laurence Klotz and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully updated and revised new edition provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of this field, and will serve as a valuable resource for clinicians, surgeons and researchers with an interest in prostate cancer. The book reviews new data about molecular characteristics of the disease, profiles the new grading system for prostate cancer introduced in 2015, and provides new perspectives about imaging of prostate cancer, as well as the role of targeted biopsies. The text summarizes the role of biomarkers and MRI in patient selection and management and details the world wide results of active surveillance. Specific chapters address communication and ethical issues, QOL outcomes, economic aspects, and psycho-social aspects of surveillance. The role of focal therapy for low risk disease is summarized, and the data supporting preventive interventions during surveillance reviewed. This text will serve as a very useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with, and interested in this common malignancy, as it provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts.

Correlation of Imaging and Pathology to Advance the Study of Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy

Author : Alan Martin Priester
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Correlation of Imaging and Pathology to Advance the Study of Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy by : Alan Martin Priester

Download or read book Correlation of Imaging and Pathology to Advance the Study of Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy written by Alan Martin Priester and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate cancer, a disease diagnosed in approximately 220,000 men in the U.S. annually, has historically been treated through extirpation of the entire gland. Unfortunately, whole-gland interventions exact a heavy toll, often resulting in incontinence and impotence. One proposed alternative is focal therapy, wherein MR-visible tumor foci are treated locally while sparing the majority of healthy tissue. This approach has great potential to deliver curative treatment while reducing costs and risks. In order to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and practicality of focal therapy, several key questions remain: 1. How reliably can tumor location be distinguished? 2. What treatment margins are necessary? 3. Can treatment be delivered safely in a clinic setting? This thesis presents a concerted effort to answer these questions, guided by the central hypothesis that focal therapy can be made safe and effective by registering MRI with ultrasound, pathology, and thermal data. To this end, we characterized and clinically implemented a means of accurately correlating MRI with histopathology. We discovered that many tumors extend far beyond the confines of MR-visibility, and the average tumor was three times its predicted volume. Isotropic margins in excess of 1 cm would have been necessary to treat the majority of focal therapy eligible men. However, by registering tracked biopsy data with MRI, we demonstrated that patient-specific treatment margins can greatly improve cancer prediction. We performed clinical trials investigating the safety of focal laser ablation (FLA) of prostate cancer, a modality wherein an interstitial laser delivers thermal energy and induces coagulative necrosis. Through analysis of MRI thermometry data, we found that thermal damage could be predicted with less than 15% volumetric error (0.5 cc). In a second clinical trial, FLA was performed under the guidance of MRI-US fusion imaging. This trial demonstrated that focal therapy could be performed safely, in a clinic setting, and without risk of incontinence or impotence. Furthermore, clinically significant cancer was eliminated from 60% of men, demonstrating the potential efficacy of localized treatment. Future work is necessary to refine all aspects of prostate focal therapy. However, this thesis lays a foundation for safe and effective treatment of localized prostate cancer.

Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer

Author : Laurence Klotz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1617799122
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer by : Laurence Klotz

Download or read book Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer written by Laurence Klotz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer: A New Paradigm for Clinical Management will serve as a useful resource for physicians dealing with, and interested in, this complex and evolving branch of prostate cancer management. The book will also be of interest to scientifically literate patients and their families. The volume provides an introduction to the concept of active surveillance in oncology in general and prostate cancer specifically. The primary focus is to provide a comprehensive guide to the management of patients on surveillance. The volume covers the many complexities and nuances to this approach including, patient selection, risk assessment, how to overcome 'cancer hysteria' when counseling patients, identifying appropriate triggers for intervention, use of PSA kinetics and MR imaging information, technique and frequency of biopsies, secondary prevention interventions, and the relative roles of surveillance and focal therapy.

Multidisciplinary Management of Prostate Cancer

Author : Vincenzo Gentile
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319043854
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Multidisciplinary Management of Prostate Cancer by : Vincenzo Gentile

Download or read book Multidisciplinary Management of Prostate Cancer written by Vincenzo Gentile and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm in men and its management is very complex, in terms of both diagnosis and treatment. In recent years the value of multidisciplinary management within a prostate cancer unit has been increasingly recognized. Such a multidisciplinary approach within a specialized unit involves a variety of specialists, including urologists, oncologists, radiotherapists, radiologists and pathologists. This book describes in detail the advantages of multidisciplinary management of prostate cancer. It opens by explaining the nature of the required multidisciplinary team and the potential benefits of the prostate cancer unit as a structure for the delivery of specialist multidisciplinary care. Epidemiological aspects favoring multidisciplinary management are described and each element of care within the context of the prostate cancer unit is then discussed; also has been described the role of advanced imaging (Multiparametric MRI) in the management of PCa. Early diagnosis, risk classification, treatment decision making, surgery, radiotherapy, medical therapies and health care support are all fully considered. This book will be informative and enlightening for all who are involved in the management of patients with prostate cancer.

Smith's Textbook of Endourology

Author : Glenn Preminger
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444335545
Total Pages : 1911 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Smith's Textbook of Endourology by : Glenn Preminger

Download or read book Smith's Textbook of Endourology written by Glenn Preminger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 1911 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying DVD-ROM, in pocket at front of v. 1, contains ... "video clips referenced in the text."--DVD-ROM label.

The Prostate Cancer Dilemma

Author : Nelson N. Stone
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319214853
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis The Prostate Cancer Dilemma by : Nelson N. Stone

Download or read book The Prostate Cancer Dilemma written by Nelson N. Stone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of this field, and will serve as a valuable resource for clinicians, surgeons and researchers with an interest in early prostate cancer. The book reviews new data about genetic markers, transperineal mapping biopsy and mpMRI, how to apply each of these technologies in patients with elevated PSA, when a prior prostate biopsy performed by the standard TRUS method is negative and in cases where low risk disease is already diagnosed, how to differentiate those men who might harbor more aggressive disease from those who do not. Over 75% of newly diagnosed prostate cancer meets the criteria for low risk disease which has created a dilemma for both patients and clinicians. Active surveillance programs have been initiated and are reviewed. How the new technologies impact surveillance programs is addressed. Clinical stage designation is updated and a new intra-prostatic staging system is discussed. Prostate biopsy techniques utilizing transrectal ultrasound, transperineal mapping, elastography and mpMRI are compared. Finally, utilization of this new technology in the application of focal therapy is reviewed. The Prostate Cancer Dilemma will serve as a very useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with, and interested in this challenging malignancy. Chapters are written by experts in their fields and include the most up to date scientific and clinical information as well as links to procedural video content.

The Role of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Accurate Management of Focal Therapy with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Localized Prostate Cancer

Download The Role of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Accurate Management of Focal Therapy with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Localized Prostate Cancer PDF Online Free

Author : Sunao Shoji
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Accurate Management of Focal Therapy with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Localized Prostate Cancer by : Sunao Shoji

Download or read book The Role of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Accurate Management of Focal Therapy with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Localized Prostate Cancer written by Sunao Shoji and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of the currently attracted focal therapy is to treat clinical significant cancer with minimal invasion of health-related functions such as urethra, sphincter, neurovascular bundle, and bladder neck. The patients' criteria have been decided with pathologic tumor features characterized according to a combination of cancer core length and Gleason grade with prostate biopsy. Because the area involved in a single treatment using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is extremely small, only minor temperature changes are observed outside of the focal zone. HIFU has been considered as an attractive therapeutic modality for the focal treatment of the prostate with the aim of curing the cancer while preserving continence and erectile function. Clinical trials of focal ablation of prostate cancer with HIFU have been reported. In our protocol, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played a major role in the diagnosis of the spatial location of the significant cancer, treatment planning, and the evaluation of the treatment efficacy and recurrence after the treatment. In the chapter in "MR Imaging," we want to present the role of MRI in the accurate management of focal therapy with HIFU for the localized prostate cancer.

Management of Urologic Cancer

Author : Mark P. Schoenberg
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118868080
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Management of Urologic Cancer by : Mark P. Schoenberg

Download or read book Management of Urologic Cancer written by Mark P. Schoenberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-08 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing urologic cancer by preserving, as opposed to removing,affected tissue, is rapidly becoming the favoured choice forurologists and oncologists. Discover all available optionsand how to achieve the best possible patient management with thisexpert guide to the area. The editor, Mark Schoenberg, is aninternationally-renown expert in this exciting new area and hasrecruited an outstanding team featuring some of the leadingurologists/oncologists in North America and Europe to assisthim.

New Technology and Techniques for Needle-Based Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Prostate Focal Therapy

Author : Jeremy J. Cepek
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis New Technology and Techniques for Needle-Based Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Prostate Focal Therapy by : Jeremy J. Cepek

Download or read book New Technology and Techniques for Needle-Based Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Prostate Focal Therapy written by Jeremy J. Cepek and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most common diagnosis of prostate cancer is that of localized disease, and unfortunately the optimal type of treatment for these men is not yet certain. Magnetic resonance image (MRI)-guided focal laser ablation (FLA) therapy is a promising potential treatment option for select men with localized prostate cancer, and may result in fewer side effects than whole-gland therapies, while still achieving oncologic control. The objective of this thesis was to develop methods of accurately guiding needles to the prostate within the bore of a clinical MRI scanner for MRI-guided FLA therapy. To achieve this goal, a mechatronic needle guidance system was developed. The system enables precise targeting of prostate tumours through angulated trajectories and insertion of needles with the patient in the bore of a clinical MRI scanner. After confirming sufficient accuracy in phantoms, and good MRI-compatibility, the system was used to guide needles for MRI-guided FLA therapy in eight patients. Results from this case series demonstrated an improvement in needle guidance time and ease of needle delivery compared to conventional approaches. Methods of more reliable treatment planning were sought, leading to the development of a systematic treatment planning method, and Monte Carlo simulations of needle placement uncertainty. The result was an estimate of the maximum size of focal target that can be confidently ablated using the mechatronic needle guidance system, leading to better guidelines for patient eligibility. These results also quantified the benefit that could be gained with improved techniques for needle guidance.

Salvage Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Author : Sanchia S. Goonewardene
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030571815
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Salvage Therapy for Prostate Cancer by : Sanchia S. Goonewardene

Download or read book Salvage Therapy for Prostate Cancer written by Sanchia S. Goonewardene and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers application of salvage therapy in reccurrent prostate cancer. Chapters focus on specific issues associated with a range of surgical and oncological management techniques and strategies including hormone therapy, lymphnode dissection, robotic prostatectomy and salvage reirradiation after locoregional failure. Learning objectives, and definitions of keywords are provided to aid the reader develop a thorough understanding of the topic and reinforce the key points covered in each chapter. Salvage Therapy for Prostate Cancer provides a detailed practically applicable guide on how salvage therapy can be utilised in the treatment of prostate cancer. It represents a valuable resource for trainee and practicing urologists, oncologists, and specialist nurses.

Focal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Author : Stephanie Guillaumier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Focal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer by : Stephanie Guillaumier

Download or read book Focal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer written by Stephanie Guillaumier and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction This thesis will explore the adverse events, side--effect profile and efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound to treat non--metastatic prostate cancer. I will look at the background of prostate cancer and how advances in the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer, as well as the paradigm shifts in treatment for this disease, have defined the current treatment landscape for localized prostate cancer and how focal therapy fits in. Objectives The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the efficacy and medium--term outcomes of focal HIFU from a multicentre registry of over 600 cases treated over the last 10 years in the UK. In so doing, this thesis will explore the use of registries in defining novel treatments as a useful body of evidence that might be used to impact on standard care in the absence of randomized controlled studies which are difficult to conduct within surgical specialties. The future role of focal therapy and high intensity focused ultrasound will be discussed, providing insights into the evolution of this ablative therapy, and how it might take its place within the armamentarium of treatments available for localized prostate cancer. Results The multicenter academic focal HIFU registry demonstrates acceptable oncological control in men diagnosed with non--metastatic prostate cancer is achievable with acceptable o Conclusions The medium--term data presented in this thesis is the first of its kind and supports the contention that focal therapy has a role in decreasing the genito--urinary side--effects associated with standard whole--gland therapies. Trifecta status of leak--free, pad--free continence, erections sufficient for intercourse, and oncological control is achievable with focal HIFU with acceptable results. Ultimately, long--term data will be necessary, including 5 research into comparative effectiveness to further establish the future role of focal therapy in treating localized prostate cancer.