Synthesis of Cross-linked Sulfonated Polysulfone and Mechanical Properties of SPEEK-based Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Synthesis of Cross-linked Sulfonated Polysulfone and Mechanical Properties of SPEEK-based Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells by : Shelley Marie Zieren

Download or read book Synthesis of Cross-linked Sulfonated Polysulfone and Mechanical Properties of SPEEK-based Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Shelley Marie Zieren and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are being investigated for use as low-power electrochemical energy conversion devices. These types of fuel cells can be useful for portable electronics. The polymer electrolyte membrane plays a critical role in the overall performance of DMFC. The commercially available membrane, Nafion, suffers from high methanol permeability and a resulting methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode; it is also expensive. Accordingly, alternative membrane materials, such as sulfonated hydrocarbons, are intensively pursued for DMFC. For example, sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and sulfonated polysulfone (SPsf) are two such candidates. This thesis focuses first on a simple synthesis method for a cross-linked sulfonated polysulfone membrane. Sulfonated polysulfone (Psf) membranes, with high IEC (1.4 - 2.2 meq/g), were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), proton conductivity, and water uptake. The degree of sulfonation was calculated by NMR and verified by acid-base titration analysis. Although the membranes showed good proton conductivity, they suffered from excessive swelling at high temperatures. Furthermore, the post-sulfonation of a carboxyl-substituted polysulfone (Psf-COOH) was carried out with trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate, and solubility issues of the Psf-COOH in chlorinated solvents led to difficulty in controlling the degree of sulfonation (DS) and in purification. Accordingly, this approach to cross-linking sulfonated polysulfone was rejected as a viable method. This thesis then focused on the investigation of the mechanical properties of acid-base blend membranes based on SPEEK and heterocycle-tethered Psf and cross-linked membranes based on SPEEK that were previously reported by our group; these membranes were known to exhibit good performance in DMFC. However, the assessment of the mechanical stability of any new membranes developed is critical for their practical viability in DMFC. Accordingly, the mechanical strength and ductility of these membranes were investigated and compared for various membrane compositions. The acid-base blend membranes investigated consisted of SPEEK (acidic polymer) and a heterocycle-tethered Psf (basic polymer); for example, blends consisting of SPEEK and amino-benzimidazole-tethered Psf (SPEEK/Psf-ABIm) and SPEEK and benzotriazole tethered Psf (SPEEK/Psf-Btraz) were investigated. The cross-linked SPEEK was made by Friedel-Craft acylation with Psf-COOH (DS = 1 or 2). The two blend membranes showed superior mechanical properties compared to Nafion 115 and comparable to plain SPEEK. The crosslinked membranes showed good mechanical properties and better strength than Nafion 115, but they were more brittle than both Nafion 115 and plain SPEEK. Further optimization of cross-linking conditions is necessary to produce the best performing membrane.

Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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ISBN 13 : 9781608768653
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (686 download)

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Book Synopsis Direct Methanol Fuel Cells by : Antonio Salvatore Aricò

Download or read book Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Antonio Salvatore Aricò and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with an analysis of materials issues, status of technologies and potential applications of direct methanol fuel cells. The principle of operation of direct methanol fuel cells and the status of knowledge in the basic research areas are presented. The technology of direct methanol fuel cells is discussed in this book with particular regard to fabrication methodologies for the manufacturing of catalysts, electrolytes membrane-electrode assemblies, stack hardware and system design.

Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387735321
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells by : Javaid Zaidi

Download or read book Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells written by Javaid Zaidi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the late-1960’s, perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSAs) ionomers have dominated the PEM fuel cell industry as the membrane material of choice. The “gold standard’ amongst the many variations that exist today has been, and to a great extent still is, DuPont’s Nafion® family of materials. However, there is significant concern in the industry that these materials will not meet the cost, performance, and durability requirementsnecessary to drive commercialization in key market segments – es- cially automotive. Indeed, Honda has already put fuel cell vehicles in the hands of real end users that have home-grown fuel cell stack technology incorporating hydrocarbon-based ionomers. “Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells” takes an in-depth look at the new chem- tries and membrane technologies that have been developed over the years to address the concerns associated with the materials currently in use. Unlike the PFSAs, which were originally developed for the chlor-alkali industry, the more recent hydrocarbon and composite materials have been developed to meet the specific requirements of PEM Fuel Cells. Having said this, most of the work has been based on derivatives of known polymers, such as poly(ether-ether ketones), to ensure that the critical requirement of low cost is met. More aggressive operational requi- ments have also spurred the development on new materials; for example, the need for operation at higher temperature under low relative humidity has spawned the creation of a plethora of new polymers with potential application in PEM Fuel Cells.

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymer Nanocomposites

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128213582
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymer Nanocomposites by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymer Nanocomposites written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymer Nanocomposites: From Synthesis to Applications offers extensive coverage of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and their nanocomposites, including their synthesis, characterization, interfacial interactions and advanced applications. Sections introduce essentials, information on their preparation and discussions on polymeric materials, including elastomers, thermoplastics, thermosetting polymers, polymer blends and IPNs. Further sections cover the latest analysis techniques, examine the properties of POSS-polymer nanocomposites, and discuss key application areas, such as biological, energy, defense, and space. Finally, issues surrounding industry implementation and lifecycle are explored. This is a valuable reference for researchers, scientists and advanced students in the areas of polymer composites and nanocomposites, polymer chemistry, polymer physics, polymer science, and materials science and engineering. In an industrial setting, this book will be of great interest to scientists, R&D professionals, and engineers across industries and disciplines. - Covers all aspects of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and their nanocomposites, including synthesis and characterization techniques, properties, analysis, applications and trends - Targets POSS nanocomposites, describing synthesis, characterization and the selection of POSS filler types according to polymeric material - Explains the preparation and utilization of POSS polymer nanocomposites for cutting-edge applications, including biological, energy, and defense field applications

Nanofiber Membranes for Medical, Environmental, and Energy Applications

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351174037
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanofiber Membranes for Medical, Environmental, and Energy Applications by : Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

Download or read book Nanofiber Membranes for Medical, Environmental, and Energy Applications written by Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the nanofiber membrane’s fabrication, characterization, and performance for medical, environment and energy applications. Topics include polymer, inorganic and composite-form nanofiber membrane materials. Top Research teams from varied disciplines and continents outline applied nanofiber membrane fabrication techniques and characterizations. Promising nanofiber membranes for improving and enhancing technologies used in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, water and wastewater treatment and purification, gas separation and purification, air purification, and fuel cells are discussed along with the likely path forward for commercial usage. Key Features: Shares the most recent discovery solutions from experts all over the globe for the numerous problems in medical, environmental and energy applications. Provides a holistic cycle of nanofiber membrane development which comprehensively discusses the membrane preparation, characterizations, performance and the way forward for a specific process and application. Explains the mechanism of separation and purification. Focuses on the nanofiber membrane’s fabrication, characterizations, and performance in various scenarios and commercial applications.

High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319170821
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells by : Qingfeng Li

Download or read book High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells written by Qingfeng Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive review of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs are the preferred fuel cells for a variety of applications such as automobiles, cogeneration of heat and power units, emergency power and portable electronics. The first 5 chapters of the book describe rationalization and illustration of approaches to high temperature PEM systems. Chapters 6 - 13 are devoted to fabrication, optimization and characterization of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes, the very first electrolyte system that has demonstrated the concept of and motivated extensive research activity in the field. The last 11 chapters summarize the state-of-the-art of technological development of high temperature-PEMFCs based on acid doped PBI membranes including catalysts, electrodes, MEAs, bipolar plates, modelling, stacking, diagnostics and applications.

Fuel Cells

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Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISBN 13 : 3035735484
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuel Cells by : Jean-Francois Drillet

Download or read book Fuel Cells written by Jean-Francois Drillet and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2020-11-05 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aggregated Book Aggregated Book

Advanced Nanomaterials for Membrane Synthesis and Its Applications

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128145048
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Nanomaterials for Membrane Synthesis and Its Applications by : Woei Jye Lau

Download or read book Advanced Nanomaterials for Membrane Synthesis and Its Applications written by Woei Jye Lau and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Nanomaterials for Membrane Synthesis and Its Applications provides the academic and industrial communities the most up-to-date information on the latest trends in membrane nanomaterials and membrane nanotechnology used in wastewater treatment, environmental technology and energy. The rapid advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology development over the past decade have resulted in significant growth of the membrane business for various industrial processes, particularly in nanotechnology-based membrane processes. While membrane technology is increasingly being used for liquid and gas separations, it has great potential in a variety of additional applications. As the worldwide academic community has a strong interest in advanced membrane processes, particularly membrane nanotechnology for specific separations, this book provides a timely update on the topic. - Presents a unique focus on the use of advanced nanomaterials in membrane fabrication/modification, and in the description of membrane nanotechnologies, such as nanofiltration, thin film nanocomposites and nanofibers for various applications - Describes next generation membranes, providing first resource details on the development and commercialization stages of these new membranes - Represents the state-of-the-art on the use of nanomaterials in membrane science

Redox Flow Batteries

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351648721
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Redox Flow Batteries by : Huamin Zhang

Download or read book Redox Flow Batteries written by Huamin Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow batteries have received attention in large-scale energy storage due to their flexible design, high safety, high energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. In recent years, they have been rapidly developed and tested in a variety of scales that prove their feasibility and advantages of use. As energy becomes a global focus, it is important to consider flow battery systems. This book offers a detailed introduction to the function of different kinds of redox flow batteries, including vanadium flow batteries, as well as the electrochemical processes for their development, materials and components, applications, and near future prospects. Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications will give readers a full understanding of flow batteries from fundamentals to commercial applications.

Organic-Inorganic Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319527398
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic-Inorganic Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by : Dr Inamuddin

Download or read book Organic-Inorganic Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes written by Dr Inamuddin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the latest developments in the area of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) used for high-temperature fuel cells. Featuring contributions from an international array of researchers, it presents a unified viewpoint on the operating principles of fuel cells, various methodologies used for the fabrication of PEMs, and issues related to the chemical and mechanical stabilities of the membranes. Special attention is given to the fabrication of electrospun nanocomposite membranes. The editors have consciously placed an emphasis on developments in the area of fast-growing and promising PEM materials obtained via hygroscopic inorganic fillers, solid proton conductors, heterocyclic solvents, ionic liquids, anhydrous H3PO4 blends, and heteropolyacids. This book is intended for fuel cell researchers and students who are interested in a deeper understanding of the organic–inorganic membranes used in fuel cells, membrane fabrication methodologies, properties and clean energy applications.

Solid-State Ionics - 2008: Volume 1126

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781605110981
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Solid-State Ionics - 2008: Volume 1126 by : M. Rosa Palacin

Download or read book Solid-State Ionics - 2008: Volume 1126 written by M. Rosa Palacin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on research related to ionic conducting (e.g., protons, oxygen ions) materials and devices. Contributions range from fundamental materials R&D, to characterization, to materials for batteries, sensors, membranes, supercapacitors and fuel cells. Special emphasis is given to miniaturized solid-oxide fuel cells (micro-SOFCs), from fundamental materials studies which are still very much needed for this application, to the development of devices. Innovative concepts for energy storage are also discussed.

PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482252325
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production by : Dmitri Bessarabov

Download or read book PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production written by Dmitri Bessarabov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ever-increasing dependence on green energy has brought on a renewed interest in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis as a viable solution for hydrogen production. While alkaline water electrolyzers have been used in the production of hydrogen for many years, there are certain advantages associated with PEM electrolysis and its relevan

Physicochemical and Thermochemical Properties of Sulfonated Poly(etheretherketone) Electrolyte Membranes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis Physicochemical and Thermochemical Properties of Sulfonated Poly(etheretherketone) Electrolyte Membranes by : Stephen Rhoden

Download or read book Physicochemical and Thermochemical Properties of Sulfonated Poly(etheretherketone) Electrolyte Membranes written by Stephen Rhoden and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells have long been seen as an alternative to combustion powered and diesel powered engines and turbines. Production of energy via a fuel cell conversion method can generate up to 60% efficiency in comparison to 30% using a combustion powered engine, with low co-production of harmful side-products. The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) adapted for the fuel cell application is one of the main components that determines the overall efficiency. This research project was focused towards novel PEMs, such as sulfonated poly(etheretherketone) or SPEEK, which are cost-efficient and robust with high proton conductivities under hydrated conditions. The degree of sulfonation (DS) of a particular SPEEK polymer determines the proton conducting ability, as well as the long term durability. For SPEEK with high DS, the proton conduction is facile, but the mechanical stability of the polymer decreases almost proportionally. While low DS SPEEK does not have sufficient sulfonic acid density for fast proton conduction in the membrane, the membrane keeps its mechanical integrity under fully saturated conditions. The main purpose of this work was to address both issues encountered with SPEEK sulfonated to low and high DS. The addition of both solid acids and synthetic cross-links were studied to address the main downfalls of the respective SPEEK polymers. Optimization of these techniques led to increased understanding of PEMs and notably better electrochemical performance of these fuel cell materials. Oxo-acids such as tungsten (VI) oxide (WO3) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) have been identified as candidate materials for creating SPEEK composite membranes. The chemistry of these oxo-acids is well known, with their use as highly acidic catalyst centers adopted for countless homogeneous and heterogeneous, organic and inorganic reactions. Uniform dispersion of WO3 hydrate in SPEEK solution was done by a sol-gel process in which the filler particles were grown in an ionomer solution, cast and allowed to dry. PTA composites were made by adding the solid acid directly to a solution of the ionomer and casting. The latter casting was allowed to dry and Cs- exchanged to stabilize the PTA from dissolution and leaching from the membrane. The chemical and physical properties of these membranes were characterized and evaluated using mainly conductometric and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic methods. Composite SPEEK/ PTA membranes showed a 50% decrease in PEM resistance under hydrogen fuel cell testing conditions, while SPEEK/ WO3 composites demonstrated a ten-fold increase in the membrane's in-plane proton conductivity. The chemical and physical properties of these composites changed with respect to their synthesis and fabrication procedures. This study will expound upon their relations.

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038785536X
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability by : Felix N. Büchi

Download or read book Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability written by Felix N. Büchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-08 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a significant number of R&D projects, performed mostly after 2000, devoted to the understanding and prevention of performance degradation processes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The extent and severity of performance degradation processes in PEFCs were recognized rather gradually. Indeed, the recognition overlapped with a significant number of industrial dem- strations of fuel cell powered vehicles, which would suggest a degree of technology maturity beyond the resaolution of fundamental failure mechanisms. An intriguing question, therefore, is why has there been this apparent delay in addressing fun- mental performance stability requirements. The apparent answer is that testing of the power system under fully realistic operation conditions was one prerequisite for revealing the nature and extent of some key modes of PEFC stack failure. Such modes of failure were not exposed to a similar degree, or not at all, in earlier tests of PEFC stacks which were not performed under fully relevant conditions, parti- larly such tests which did not include multiple on–off and/or high power–low power cycles typical for transportation and mobile power applications of PEFCs. Long-term testing of PEFCs reported in the early 1990s by both Los Alamos National Laboratory and Ballard Power was performed under conditions of c- stant cell voltage, typically near the maximum power point of the PEFC.

Proton Conductors

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521383172
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Proton Conductors by : Philippe Colomban

Download or read book Proton Conductors written by Philippe Colomban and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-09-25 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive review of proton conductors, including theory, techniques, the materials themselves and applications.

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 085709548X
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology by : Christoph Hartnig

Download or read book Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology written by Christoph Hartnig and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) technology are promising forms of low-temperature electrochemical power conversion technologies that operate on hydrogen and methanol respectively. Featuring high electrical efficiency and low operational emissions, they have attracted intense worldwide commercialization research and development efforts. These R&D efforts include a major drive towards improving materials performance, fuel cell operation and durability. In situ characterization is essential to improving performance and extending operational lifetime through providing information necessary to understand how fuel cell materials perform under operational loads.Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology, Volume 2 details in situ characterization, including experimental and innovative techniques, used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performance. Part I reviews enhanced techniques for characterization of catalyst activities and processes, such as X-ray absorption and scattering, advanced microscopy and electrochemical mass spectrometry. Part II reviews characterization techniques for water and fuel management, including neutron radiography and tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, Part III focuses on locally resolved characterization methods, from transient techniques and electrochemical microscopy, to laser-optical methods and synchrotron radiography.With its international team of expert contributors, Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology will be an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics. Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology is an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics. - Details in situ characterisation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), including the experimental and innovative techniques used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performance - Examines enhanced techniques for characterisation of catalyst activities and processes, such as X-ray absorption and scattering, advanced microscopy and electrochemical mass spectrometry - Reviews characterisation techniques for water and fuel management, including neutron radiography and tomography, and comprehensively covers locally resolved characterisation methods, from transient techniques to laser-optical methods

High Performance Polymers and Engineering Plastics

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118171942
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis High Performance Polymers and Engineering Plastics by : Vikas Mittal

Download or read book High Performance Polymers and Engineering Plastics written by Vikas Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes advances in synthesis, processing, and technology of environmentally friendly polymers generated from renewable resources. With contents based on a wide range of functional monomers and contributions from eminent researchers, this volume demonstrates the design, synthesis, properties and applications of plant oil based polymers, presenting an elaborate review of acid mediated polymerization techniques for the generation of green polymers. Chemical engineers are provided with state-of-the-art information that acts to further progress research in this direction.