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Sum Frequency Generation Studies Of Hydrogenation Reactions On Platinum Nanoparticles
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Book Synopsis Sum Frequency Generation Studies of Hydrogenation Reactions on Platinum Nanoparticles by :
Download or read book Sum Frequency Generation Studies of Hydrogenation Reactions on Platinum Nanoparticles written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is used to characterize intermediate species of hydrogenation reactions on the surface of platinum nanoparticle catalysts. In contrast to other spectroscopy techniques which operate in ultra-high vacuum or probe surface species after reaction, SFG collects information under normal conditions as the reaction is taking place. Several systems have been studied previously using SFG on single crystals, notably alkene hydrogenation on Pt(111). In this thesis, many aspects of SFG experiments on colloidal nanoparticles are explored for the first time. To address spectral interference by the capping agent (PVP), three procedures are proposed: UV cleaning, H2 induced disordering and calcination (core-shell nanoparticles). UV cleaning and calcination physically destroy organic capping while disordering reduces SFG signal through a reversible structural change by PVP.
Book Synopsis Sum Frequency Generation Studies of Hydrogenation Reactions on Platinum Nanoparticles by : James Michael Krier
Download or read book Sum Frequency Generation Studies of Hydrogenation Reactions on Platinum Nanoparticles written by James Michael Krier and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is used to characterize intermediate species of hydrogenation reactions on the surface of platinum nanoparticle catalysts. In contrast to other spectroscopy techniques which operate in ultra-high vacuum or probe surface species after reaction, SFG collects information under normal conditions as the reaction is taking place. Several systems have been studied previously using SFG on single crystals, notably alkene hydrogenation on Pt(111). In this thesis, many aspects of SFG experiments on colloidal nanoparticles are explored for the first time. To address spectral interference by the capping agent (PVP), three procedures are proposed: UV cleaning, H2 induced disordering and calcination (core-shell nanoparticles). UV cleaning and calcination physically destroy organic capping while disordering reduces SFG signal through a reversible structural change by PVP. Disordering is a dynamic and powerful way to perform SFG experiments on colloidal nanoparticles. Simply adding H2 (a reactant) to Pt-PVP reduces signal of PVP by>90%, making it possible to resolve intermediates. The selection rules of SFG indicate intensity may be reduced by a decrease in concentration or an increase in disorder. As H2 dissociates on Pt, the bond between PVP and Pt is weakened and PVP is able to rearrange into an unstructured geometry. Disordering makes size-controlled SFG studies possible for the first time because with PVP left intact, the nanoparticles are much less likely to aggregate. As evidence that a chemisorbed reaction intermediate is can be monitored, cyclohexene hydrogenation is performed. When PVP is disordered and the particles are "solvent-cleaned," the distinct C-H stretch of adsorbed 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) appears at 2765 cm-1. In addition, the mechanism of hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD) at 75 °C is characterized using the disordering procedure. For larger Pt-PVP nanoparticles (4.6-6.7 nm), one major pathway is preferred (2-buten-1-yl). However, using smaller nanoparticles (0.9-1.8 nm), two major pathways exist (1-buten-4-yl and 2-buten-1-yl) and coincide with preference for full hydrogenation. Growth in the aliphatic stretch range following H2 dosing shows UV treatment is not able to produce "naked" nanoparticles. Although outer layers removed quickly, persistent C fragments remain near the Pt surface. The properties of residual fragments of PVP following UV treatment are very mystifying. PVP is known to block active sites on Pt and reduce turnover frequency for ethylene hydrogenation. (After three hours of UV treatment, ethylene hydrogenation increases tenfold.) However, it is shown that for methanol oxidation, residual fragments become impermeable and actually reduce the turnover rate. Under oxidation conditions, the regular capped Pt-PVP nanoparticles are more active than the same particles following PVP removal with UV treatment. As further evidence of this effect, cyclohexene hydrogenation is performed with different level of H2. Residual fragments are permeable with H2 and the 1,4-CHD intermediate appears in the SFG spectrum. However, once H2 is removed, chemisorbed 1,4-CHD completely disappears in favor of molecular (physisorbed) cyclohexene (not bonded to Pt). Even for a strongly bound dehydrogenated intermediate like 1,4-CHD, access to Pt is only possible with H2. Under varying amounts of UV treatment (PVP removal), the mechanism of cyclohexene hydrogenation varies widely among 1,4-CHD, 1,3-cyclohexadiene and pi-allyl. Removing PVP does not simply open equivalent sites but shifts the reaction mechanism in this case. Using Stöber encapsulation, a variety of PVP-capped catalysts can be coated in a thin porous SiO2 shell (5-10 nm) and used for in situ characterization. Surrounding the catalyst with SiO2 allows PVP to be thoroughly removed without compromising morphology. It is shown that alloying Pt with Sn (with SiO2 shell) allows a new reaction mechanism of CO oxidation to take place which is not limited by surface O2 concentration (as on pure Pt). In addition, 1,3-BD hydrogenation on 4 nm Pt@SiO2, Pd@SiO2 and Rh@SiO2 is studied with SFG. Previous work shows Pd makes only partially hydrogenated products while Pt makes all products. SFG and kinetic experiments indicate multiple pathways (1-butene-4-yl, butan-1,3-diyl and 2-buten-1-yl) are possible on Pt@SiO2 while only one (2-buten-1-yl) is favored on Pd@SiO2. This work is the first SFG reaction selectivity study on core-shell nanoparticles. Using catalysts inside SiO2 shells in dense 2-D films, it may become possible to assess industrial 3-D catalysts at a molecular level.
Book Synopsis Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy of Pyridine Hydrogenation on Platinum Nanoparticles by :
Download or read book Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy of Pyridine Hydrogenation on Platinum Nanoparticles written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyridine hydrogenation in the presence of a surface monolayer consisting of cubic Pt nanoparticles stabilized by tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) was investigated by sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy using total internal reflection (TIR) geometry. TIR-SFG spectra analysis revealed that a pyridinium cation (C5H5NH) forms during pyridine hydrogenation on the Pt nanoparticle surface, and the NH group in the C5H5NH cation becomes more hydrogen bound with the increase of the temperature. In addition, the surface coverage of the cation decreases with the increase of the temperature. An important contribution of this study is the in situ identification of reaction intermediates adsorbed on the Pt nanoparticle monolayer during pyridine hydrogenation.
Book Synopsis In-situ Studies of the Reactions of Bifunctional and Heterocyclic Molecules Over Noble Metal Single Crystal and Nanoparticle Catalysts Studied with Kinetics and Sum-Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy by :
Download or read book In-situ Studies of the Reactions of Bifunctional and Heterocyclic Molecules Over Noble Metal Single Crystal and Nanoparticle Catalysts Studied with Kinetics and Sum-Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sum frequency generation surface vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) in combination with gas chromatography (GC) was used in-situ to monitor surface bound reaction intermediates and reaction selectivities for the hydrogenation reactions of pyrrole, furan, pyridine, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and prenal over Pt(111), Pt(100), Rh(111), and platinum nanoparticles under Torr reactant pressures and temperatures of 300K to 450K. The focus of this work is the correlation between the SFG-VS observed surface bound reaction intermediates and adsorption modes with the reaction selectivity, and how this is affected by catalyst structure and temperature. Pyrrole hydrogenation was investigated over Pt(111) and Rh(111) single crystals at Torr pressures. It was found that pyrrole adsorbs to Pt(111) perpendicularly by cleaving the N-H bond and binding through the nitrogen. However, over Rh(111) pyrrole adsorbs in a tilted geometry binding through the [pi]-aromatic orbitals. A surface-bound pyrroline reaction intermediate was detected over both surfaces with SFG-VS. It was found that the ring-cracking product butylamine is a reaction poison over both surfaces studied. Furan hydrogenation was studied over Pt(111), Pt(100), 10 nm cubic platinum nanoparticles and 1 nm platinum nanoparticles. The product distribution was observed to be highly structure sensitive and the acquired SFG-VS spectra reflected this sensitivity. Pt(100) exhibited more ring-cracking to form butanol than Pt(111), while the nanoparticles yielded higher selectivities for the partially saturated ring dihydrofuran. Pyridine hydrogenation was investigated over Pt(111) and Pt(100). The [alpha]-pyridyl surface adsorption mode was observed with SFG-VS over both surfaces. 1,4-dihydropyridine was seen as a surface intermediate over Pt(100) but not Pt(111). Upon heating the surfaces to 350K, the adsorbed pyridine changes to a flat-lying adsorption mode. No evidence was found for the pyridinium cation. The hydrogenation of the [alpha], [beta]-unsaturated aldehydes acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and prenal were investigated over Pt(111) and Pt(100). The selectivity for the hydrogenation of the C=C bond was found to depend on the number of methyl groups added to the bond. The adsorption modes of the three aldehydes were determined. The hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde was found to be nearly structure insensitive as the TOF and selectivity were very close to the same over Pt(111) and Pt(100). SFG-VS indicated identical surface intermediates over the two crystal faces during crotonaldehyde hydrogenation.
Book Synopsis Sum Frequency Generation and Catalytic Reaction Studies of the Removal of the Organic Capping Agents from Pt Nanoparticles by UV-ozone Treatment by :
Download or read book Sum Frequency Generation and Catalytic Reaction Studies of the Removal of the Organic Capping Agents from Pt Nanoparticles by UV-ozone Treatment written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report the structure of the organic capping layers of platinum colloid nanoparticles and their removal by UV-ozone exposure. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFGVS) studies identify the carbon-hydrogen stretching modes on poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and tetradecyl tributylammonium bromide (TTAB)-capped platinum nanoparticles. We found that the UV-ozone treatment technique effectively removes the capping layer on the basis of several analytical measurements including SFGVS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The overall shape of the nanoparticles was preserved after the removal of capping layers, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SFGVS of ethylene hydrogenation on the clean platinum nanoparticles demonstrates the existence of ethylidyne and di-[sigma]-bonded species, indicating the similarity between single-crystal and nanoparticle systems.
Book Synopsis High-pressure Catalytic Reactions of C6 Hydrocarbons on Platinum Single-crystals and Nanoparticles by : Kaitlin Bratlie
Download or read book High-pressure Catalytic Reactions of C6 Hydrocarbons on Platinum Single-crystals and Nanoparticles written by Kaitlin Bratlie and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Support Effects in Catalysis Studied by In-situ Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy and In-situ X-Ray Spectroscopies by : Griffin John Kennedy
Download or read book Support Effects in Catalysis Studied by In-situ Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy and In-situ X-Ray Spectroscopies written by Griffin John Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinetic measurements are paired with in-situ spectroscopic characterization tools to investigate colloidally based, supported Pt catalytic model systems in order to elucidate the mechanisms by which metal and support work in tandem to dictate activity and selectivity. The results demonstrate oxide support materials, while inactive in absence of Pt nanoparticles, possess unique active sites for the selective conversion of gas phase molecules when paired with an active metal catalyst. In order to establish a paradigm for metal-support interactions using colloidally synthesized Pt nanoparticles the ability of the organic capping agent to inhibit reactivity and interaction with the support must first be assessed. Pt nanoparticles capped by poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), and those from which the PVP is removed by UV light exposure, are investigated for two reactions, the hydrogenation of ethylene and the oxidation of methanol. It is shown that prior to PVP removal the particles are moderately active for both reactions. Following removal, the activity for the two reactions diverges, the ethylene hydrogenation rate increases 10-fold, while the methanol oxidation rate decreases 3-fold. To better understand this effect the capping agent prior to, and the residual carbon remaining after UV treatment are probed by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Prior to removal no major differences are observed when the particles are exposed to alternating H2 and O2 environments. When the PVP is removed, carbonaceous fragments remain on the surface that dynamically restructure in H2 and O2. These fragments create a tightly bound shell in an oxygen environment and a porous coating of hydrogenated carbon in the hydrogen environment. This observation explains the divergent catalytic results. Reaction rate measurements of thermally cleaned PVP and oleic acid capped particles show this effect to be independent of cleaning method or capping agent. In all this demonstrates the ability of the capping agent to mediate nanoparticle catalysis. With this established the hydrogenation of furfural by Pt supported on SiO2 and TiO2 was investigated by an approach combining reaction studies with SFG in order to gain molecular level insight into the nature of the metal-support interaction. This is the first instance of SFG being used to probe the factors governing selectivity in a supported catalyst system. This work revealed that TiO2 possessed sites that, while inactive without Pt, became highly active for the selective conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. By SFG a TiO2 bound intermediate species was identified that could explain the highly selective nature of the reaction by Pt/TiO2. In combination with density functional theory calculations it was determined that furfural bound favorably to oxygen vacancy sites on the TiO2 surface through the aldehyde oxygen, which in turn activated the aldehyde group for hydrogenation by a charge transfer mechanism. This intermediate could then react with spillover hydrogen from the Pt surface to form furfuryl alcohol. In an effort to generalize this mechanism to additional molecules and reducible oxides the work was expanded to the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde with cobalt oxide as an additional support. Reaction studies and SFG study of the Pt/TiO2, Pt/Co3O4, and Pt/SiO2 catalysts, revealed a reaction pathway for Pt/TiO2 and Pt/Co3O4 which selectively produced alcohol products, crotyl alcohol and butanol, while no alcohol production was observed for the Pt/SiO2 catalyst. A thorough study of the possible secondary reaction pathways revealed that butanol was formed in a concerted manner, rather than through sequential hydrogenation of the C=C and C=O groups. Sum frequency generation studies revealed that Pt supported on SiO2 yielded identical reaction intermediates as Pt single crystals, further cementing the passive role of SiO2. Spectra obtained from the cobalt and titanium oxide supported catalysts revealed adsorption sites exist on the oxide surfaces through which the molecule binds via the aldehyde group. These sites are believed to be the active sites for alcohol production. In the case of Co3O4 ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal a reduction of the oxide surface under reaction conditions indicating the adsorption sites on the oxide exist on a reduced surface, additional evidence for the site being an O-vacancy. To better understand the interplay between the formation of the two alcohols a Pt nanoparticle density dependence study was undertaken for the Co3O4 case. It was observed that increasing the Pt density, thus increasing the ratio of interface to oxide surface sites, led to an increase in butanol and decrease in crotyl alcohol production. From this it is proposed that butanol forms at the Pt-oxide interface while the crotyl alcohol forms via the spillover mechanism at an oxide site. Lastly a before undiscovered example of encapsulation of a metal particle by an oxide support is observed for the Pt/Co3O4 system by ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under mild conditions an encapsulated state is reached in which the oxide covers the Pt surface, yet does not inhibit reactivity. In fact the total activity of the catalyst increases dramatically and a change in product selectivity was observed. By SFG it is seen that the features of a Pt bound butyraldehyde intermediate increase in intensity, which is directly correlated to a 3-fold increase in butyraldehyde activity. This work builds on a vast knowledge of catalyst-support interactions in heterogeneous catalysis by applying in-situ techniques to yield a molecular level understanding of the surface processes.
Book Synopsis Utilizing Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy to Study Platinum-Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation at the Solid-Liquid and Solid-Gas Interfaces by : Lindsay Carl Keller
Download or read book Utilizing Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy to Study Platinum-Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation at the Solid-Liquid and Solid-Gas Interfaces written by Lindsay Carl Keller and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is utilized in this work to study the oxidation of alcohols on platinum catalysts. A brief overview of SFG spectroscopy is provided, including a short theoretical summary of the information pertinent to understand the technique. Background information on the oxidation of alcohols is also provided. A description of techniques and experimental setups is discussed, including detailed information on the preparation of catalysts and SFG laser setups. The oxidation of 1-propanol to propanal by molecular oxygen at 60oC was studied at the solid-liquid and solid-gas interfaces using a range of nanoparticle sizes from 2-7 nm. The reaction rate at the solid-liquid interface was found to be two orders of magnitude greater than that at the solid-gas interface after normalizing to the concentration. In addition, catalytic activity increases with the size of platinum nanoparticles for both reactions. Moreover, water substantially promotes 1-propanol oxidation in the liquid phase, decreasing the activation energy by 21 kJ/mol. However, water inhibits the reaction in the gas phase, increasing the activation energy by 31 kJ/mol. The liquid-phase and gas-phase reactions appear to undergo different mechanisms due to differing kinetic results. This correlates well with different orientations of the 1-propanol species at the solid-liquid interface versus the solid-gas interface as probed by SFG spectroscopy under reaction conditions and simulated by computational calculations. The oxidation of 2-butanol was carried out in both the liquid and the gas phase. Size-controlled platinum nanoparticles loaded into mesoporous silica MCF-17 were synthesized and studied in the oxidation reaction of 2-butanol with molecular oxygen in the gas and liquid phases. The turnover frequency values increased as the nanoparticle size became larger in both phases, with a consistently high selectivity toward 2-butanone. The activation energy in the gas phase was twice as much as that in the liquid phase. Water did not interrupt the reaction progress in the gas phase, while it poisoned the Pt surface fully to decrease the turnover rate significantly in the liquid phase. SFG spectra were taken of the gas-phase 2-butanol reaction on Pt in both reactive and inert conditions. Water was determined to have no significant effect on the 2-butanol spectra, supporting the reaction data. Combined with the DFT calculations, it was determined that the molecule tends to lay down in the low surface concentration but tends to stand up in the high surface concentration. SFG studies were carried out to study the oxidation of 1-butanol on a platinum thin film. These studies examined the effects of oxygen and water on the gas-phase reaction. Spectra of 1-butanol were taken in both nitrogen and oxygen environments, providing information about both the reactive and inert conditions. Spectra were also taken of 1-butanol in the presence of oxygen and water in order to study the effect of water on the surface. 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation was performed on 4 nm Pt, Pd, and Rh nanoparticles encapsulated in SiO2 shells at 20, 60, and 100°C. The core-shells were grown around PVP-coated nanoparticles prepared by colloidal synthesis. SFG spectroscopy was performed to correlate surface intermediates observed under reaction conditions with reaction selectivity. Using SFG, it was possible to compare the surface vibrational spectra of Pt@ SiO2, Pd@ SiO2, and Rh@ SiO2. These studies that the calcination is effective at removing PVP, and that the SFG signal can be generated from the metal surface through the outer SiO2 shell. This work was then used to investigate Pt@SiO2 nanoparticles as potential catalysts for the liquid-phase oxidation of isopropanol. It was found that these nanoparticles were successful in the gas and liquid phases for reaction studies. However, despite several attempts, a clear SFG spectrum was not able to be obtained on a Langmuir-Blodgett film of these nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Strong Metal-support Interactions by : R. T. K. Baker
Download or read book Strong Metal-support Interactions written by R. T. K. Baker and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High-Pressure Catalytic Reactions of C6 Hydrocarbons on PlatinumSingle-Crystals and Nanoparticles by :
Download or read book High-Pressure Catalytic Reactions of C6 Hydrocarbons on PlatinumSingle-Crystals and Nanoparticles written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic reactions of cyclohexene, benzene, n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, and 1-hexene on platinum catalysts were monitored in situ via sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC). SFG is a surface specific vibrational spectroscopic tool capable of monitoring submonolayer coverages under reaction conditions without gas-phase interference. SFG was used to identify the surface intermediates present during catalytic processes on Pt(111) and Pt(100) single-crystals and on cubic and cuboctahedra Pt nanoparticles in the Torr pressure regime and at high temperatures (300K-450K). At low pressures (
Book Synopsis Second Harmonic And Sum-frequency Spectroscopy: Basics And Applications by : Yuen Ron Shen
Download or read book Second Harmonic And Sum-frequency Spectroscopy: Basics And Applications written by Yuen Ron Shen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-02-17 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical second harmonic and sum-frequency generation has evolved into a useful spectroscopic tool for material characterization, especially as a viable and powerful technique for probing surfaces and interfaces. This book serves as an introduction on the technique. It provides a comprehensible description on the basics of the technique and gives detailed accounts with illustrating examples on the wide range of applications of the technique. It clearly points out the unique capabilities of the technique as a spectroscopic tool for studies of bulk and interface structures in different disciplines.This book is an updated version of an earlier book on the same subject, but it puts more emphasis on physical concepts and description. It underscores recent advances of sum-frequency spectroscopy at the technical front as well as over its wide range of applications, with the author's perspective in each area. Most chapters end with a section of summary and prospects that hopefully can help stimulate interest to further develop the technique and explore possibilities of applying the technique.
Book Synopsis Construction and Reactivity of Pt-Based Bi-component Catalytic Systems by : Rentao Mu
Download or read book Construction and Reactivity of Pt-Based Bi-component Catalytic Systems written by Rentao Mu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-20 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, the author outlines the construction of active structure and modulation of catalytic reactivity of Pt-based bi-component catalysts, from the model systems to real supported catalysts. The thesis investigates the promotion effect of the second components on catalytic performance of Pt catalysts, and presents the reversible generation of the “sandwich-like” structure of Pt-Ni catalysts, containing both surface NiO1-X and subsurface Ni by alternating redox treatments at medium temperature. With the aid of single layer graphene, the dynamic process of chemical reactions occurring on the Pt(111) surface can be visualized using in-situ LEEM and DUV-PEEM techniques, the results of which are included here. The author reveals that the graphene layer exhibits a strong confinement effect on the chemistry of molecules underneath and the intercalated CO can desorb from the Pt surface around room temperature and in UHV, which may promote the CO oxidation confined under graphene.
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Advanced Catalyst Characterization by : Israel E. Wachs
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Advanced Catalyst Characterization written by Israel E. Wachs and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-12 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-edited by world-renowned scientists in the field of catalysis, this book contains the cutting-edge in situ and operando spectroscopy characterization techniques operating under reaction conditions to determine a materials’ bulk, surface, and solution complex and their applications in the field of catalysis with emphasis on solid catalysts in powder form since such catalyst are relevant for industrial applications. The handbook covers from widely-used to cutting-edge techniques. The handbook is written for a broad audience of students and professionals who want to pursue the full capabilities available by the current state-of-the-art in characterization to fully understand how their catalysts really operate and guide the rational design of advanced catalysts. Individuals involved in catalysis research will be interested in this handbook because it contains a catalogue of cutting-edge methods employed in characterization of catalysts. These techniques find wide use in applications such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacture, natural gas conversion, pollution control, transportation, power generation, pharmaceuticals and food processing. fdsfds
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry by :
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 5276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Seven Volume Set summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments in the field. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these fields. Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions
Book Synopsis Reaction Selectivity Studies on Naolithographically-fabricated Platinum Model Catalyst Arrays by : Jeffrey Benjamin Grunes
Download or read book Reaction Selectivity Studies on Naolithographically-fabricated Platinum Model Catalyst Arrays written by Jeffrey Benjamin Grunes and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Furfural: An Entry Point Of Lignocellulose In Biorefineries To Produce Renewable Chemicals, Polymers, And Biofuels by : Manuel Lopez Granados
Download or read book Furfural: An Entry Point Of Lignocellulose In Biorefineries To Produce Renewable Chemicals, Polymers, And Biofuels written by Manuel Lopez Granados and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-06-19 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a wide consensus that furfural, a renewable commodity currently obtained from lignocellulosic agro-residues with a production volume of around 300 kTon per year, is a key feedstock for leveraging lignocellulosic residues in future biorefineries. Several chemicals are already being manufactured from furfural due to its advantageous production cost. Furthermore, a vast number of others are also technically viable, to produce from oil.This book compiles the vast existing information into relevant stages of transformations of furfural as renewable chemicals, biofuels and bioresins focusing on the relevant chemical and engineering aspects of processes to obtain them, including reactors and catalysis. It offers essential information for improving the economic and environmental viability of current commercial applications and upcoming future applications.It should be of particular interests to graduate and advanced undergraduate students, as well as, engineers and academic researchers alike who are working in the field.
Book Synopsis Current Trends of Surface Science and Catalysis by : Jeong Young Park
Download or read book Current Trends of Surface Science and Catalysis written by Jeong Young Park and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book covers the latest surface science studies on model catalysts, including single crystals, non-colloidal nanocatalysts, and nanoparticles in various forms with the control of size, shape and composition. This book addresses the issue of bridging “materials and pressure gaps” and also discusses the important issue of metal-oxide interface and hot electron flows in heterogeneous catalysis. The current development of in-situ surface techniques that is relevant to bridging “pressure gaps” is also highlighted.
