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Study Of Parton Energy Loss In Heavy Ion Collisions Using Charged Particle Spectra Measured With Cms
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Book Synopsis Study of Parton Energy Loss in Heavy Ion Collisions Using Charged Particle Spectra Measured with CMS by : Austin A. Baty
Download or read book Study of Parton Energy Loss in Heavy Ion Collisions Using Charged Particle Spectra Measured with CMS written by Austin A. Baty and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenology of the strong nuclear force is still not well understood at low momentum transfers and requires experimental input to constrain. Collisions of heavy ions at the Large Hadron Collider provide a unique opportunity to explore this kinematic region because they create a novel form of matter: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Using the CMS detector, spectra of charged particles originating from protonproton (pp), proton-lead (pPb), and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center of mass energy per nucleon pair ( [square root of SNN) of 5.02 TeV are examined as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. Nuclear modification factors and fragmentation functions are constructed from these spectra. By comparing to pp collision reference spectra, a puzzle concerning previous measurements in pPb collisions is clarified. A strong suppression of particle production observed in PbPb collisions is also quantified. Finally, collisions of xenon nuclei are also studied to constrain the path length dependence of parton energy loss. The strength of energy loss is found to increase with both [square root of SNN and the average path length through the QGP. Comparisons to theoretical models and previous measurements indicate that the path length dependence is between linear and quadratic, as expected from a combination of collisional and radiative energy loss mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Study of High Transverse Momentum Charged Particle Suppression in Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC by : Andre Sungho Yoon
Download or read book Study of High Transverse Momentum Charged Particle Suppression in Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC written by Andre Sungho Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The charged particle spectrum at large transverse momentum (PT), dominated by hadrons originating from parton fragmentation, is an important observable for studying the properties of the hot, dense medium produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The study of the modifications of the PT spectrum in PbPb compared to pp collisions at the same collision energy can shed light on the detailed mechanism by which hard partons lose energy traversing the medium. In this thesis, the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in pp and PbPb collisions at [square root of]Snn = 2.76 TeV measured up to PT = 100 GeV/c with the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented. In the transverse momentum range PT = 5-10 GeV/c, the charged particle yield in the most central PbPb collisions is suppressed by up to a factor of 7 compared to the pp yield scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions. At higher PT, this suppression is significantly reduced, approaching roughly a factor of 2 for particles with PT in the range PT = 40-100 GeV/c. A simple modeling of the parton energy loss applied to the PYTHIA Monte-Carlo (MC) reveals that the charged particle spectrum with the pQCD-motivated fractional parton energy loss can describes the shape of the measured suppression well in the range PT = 5-100 GeV/c.
Book Synopsis High-pT Physics in the Heavy Ion Era by : Jan Rak
Download or read book High-pT Physics in the Heavy Ion Era written by Jan Rak and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at graduate students and researchers in the field of high-energy nuclear physics, this book provides an overview of the basic concepts of large transverse momentum particle physics, with a focus on pQCD phenomena. It examines high-pT probes of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and will serve as a handbook for those working on RHIC and LHC data analyses. Starting with an introduction and review of the field, the authors look at basic observables and experimental techniques, concentrating on relativistic particle kinematics, before moving onto a discussion about the origins of high-pT physics. The main features of high-pT physics are placed within a historical context and the authors adopt an experimental outlook, highlighting the most important discoveries leading up to the foundation of modern QCD theory. Advanced methods are described in detail, making this book especially useful for newcomers to the field.
Book Synopsis Studies of High Transverse Momentum Phenomena in Heavy Ion Collisions Using the PHOBOS Detector by : Edward Allen Wenger
Download or read book Studies of High Transverse Momentum Phenomena in Heavy Ion Collisions Using the PHOBOS Detector written by Edward Allen Wenger and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of high-pT particles as calibrated probes has proven to be an effective tool for understanding the properties of the system produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. In this thesis, two such measurements are presented using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC): 1. The transverse momentum spectra of charged particles produced near mid rapidity in Cu+Cu collisions with center-of-mass energies of 62.4 and 200 GeV per nucleon pair 2. Two-particle correlations with a high transverse momentum trigger particle (pT> 2.5 GeV=c) in Au+Au collisions at ... 200 GeV over the broad longitudinal acceptance of the PHOBOS detector ... In central Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV, the single-particle yields are suppressed at high-pT by a factor of about five compared to p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary collisions. This is typically understood to be a consequence of energy loss by high-pT partons in the dense QCD medium, as such a suppression is absent in d+Au collisions. In Cu+Cu collisions, the nuclear modification factor, RAA, has been measured relative to p+p data as a function of collision centrality. For the same number of participating nucleons (Npart), RAA is essentially the same for the Cu+Cu and Au+Au systems over the measured range of pT, in spite of the significantly different geometries. At high-pT, the similarity between the two systems can be described by simple, geometric models of parton energy loss. Two-particle angular correlations are a more powerful tool for examining how highpT jets lose energy and how the medium is modified by the deposited energy. In central Au+Au collisions, particle production correlated with a high-pT trigger is strongly modified compared to p+p. Not only is the away-side yield much broader in, the nearside peak of jet fragments now sits atop an unmistakable 'ridge' of correlated partners extending continuously and undiminished all the way to = 4.
Book Synopsis High-pT Physics in the Heavy Ion Era by : Jan Rak
Download or read book High-pT Physics in the Heavy Ion Era written by Jan Rak and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of few books to address both high-pT physics and relativistic heavy ion collisions. Essential handbook for graduates and researchers.
Book Synopsis Measurements of Charged-particle Transverse Momentum Spectra in PbPb Collisions at [square Root Of]nn by : Eric Appelt
Download or read book Measurements of Charged-particle Transverse Momentum Spectra in PbPb Collisions at [square Root Of]nn written by Eric Appelt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Constraining the Proton/neutron Effective Mass Splitting Through Heavy Ion Collisions by : Sean Robert Sweany
Download or read book Constraining the Proton/neutron Effective Mass Splitting Through Heavy Ion Collisions written by Sean Robert Sweany and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy ion collisions are used for probing the momentum dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. This momentum dependence causes an apparent reduction in the inertial mass of nucleons lying within the mean field potential. Because the actual masses remain unchanged, apparent mass is termed an effective mass that describes the acceleration under the influence of a momentum independent potential. Along with a reduction in effective mass there is also a splitting between the effective masses of protons and neutrons. Currently theoretical models do not agree as to which particle, protons or neutrons has the larger effective mass and, in particular, how these effective masses decrease with density. Observables that can be used for probing this effective mass splitting include both n/p single and double ratios of neutron energy spectra divided by proton energy spectra. The end result of this dissertation is not to obtain a final answer to these questions regarding the effective mass splitting. However, it lays the ground work for creating accurate ratios of neutron energy spectra over proton energy spectra needed for this purposes. In doing so, it demonstrates how to create charged particle energy spectra and corrected them for background coming from punch-through events and for reaction losses within the CsI(Tl) crystals. After producing background corrected energy spectra it studies isoscaling phenomenon in several of the studied reaction systems. Using that knowledge, it goes on to demonstrate how to obtain coalescence invariant neutron/proton spectral ratios.To probe the effective mass splitting we ran an experiment at the NSCL that measured collisions between calcium beams on nickel and tin targets. For this experiment a new set of charged particle energy loss telescopes were constructed called the High Resolution Array 10 (HiRA10). Each of the 12 telescopes in this array are constructed using a 1.5 mm thick silicon detector backed by a pack of four 10 cm long CsI(Tl) crystals that are used to measure the energy and identifying the species of the particle. These new crystals are longer than the 4 cm long CsI crystals in its predecessor HiRA device. This increased length of the crystals allows the new HiRA10 to detect higher energy particles (Protons up to ~200 MeV, Deuterons up to ~264 and Tritons up to ~312). While the increased length of the crystals increased the range of energies that can be detected it also increased the backgrounds present within the HiRA10 charged particle energy spectra. Therefore one of the goals of this work was to apply corrections for background within the HiRA10 CsI crystals.After correcting these spectra, the other goal of this work is to create isoscaling ratios for two of the measured systems. Isoscaling ratios are created by dividing the energy spectra of a particle species coming from two reaction systems. Isoscaling ratios provide several observations which can be compared to theoretical models. The first of these is the grouping of isoscaling ratios for different particle species based on that particles proton and neutron numbers. Second, assuming the reaction system is at local thermal and chemical equilibrium we use these isoscaling ratios to determine the difference between proton and neutron chemical potentials in these two systems.The final goal of this work will be to extract preliminary N/P double ratios using pseudo neutron spectra created by combining charged particle spectra. These pseudo neutron spectra are extracted with two different methods, one based on a thermodynamic method and the other based on charged particle coalescence. The extracted double ratio is then compared to simulations using two Skyrme interaction potentials, one with the effective mass of the proton greater than that of the neutron and the other where the neutron effective mass is greater.
Book Synopsis Energy and Centrality Dependence of Mid-rapidity Charged Particle Multiplicity in Relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions by : Michał Patrick Decowski
Download or read book Energy and Centrality Dependence of Mid-rapidity Charged Particle Multiplicity in Relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions written by Michał Patrick Decowski and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the modern theory of the strong interaction, can be investigated through the study of relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Recently, the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) was completed and started taking data at ten times higher center-of-mass energies than the previous most energetic heavy-ion collisions. This thesis presents some of the first measurements at RHIC from any experiment. The PHOBOS detector is used to measure the charged particle pseudo-rapidity density at mid-rapidity (i.e., in [eta]
Book Synopsis Semianalytical and Numerical Studies of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions by : Todd Mendenhall
Download or read book Semianalytical and Numerical Studies of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions written by Todd Mendenhall and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) has been produced by relativistic heavy ion collisions, and understanding its properties is a primary goal in the field of nuclear physics. This research first elucidates recent semianalytical developments that improve the estimates of the initial energy and net conserved-charge densities and enable the calculation of trajectories in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram for the matter produced by nuclear collisions. A semianalytical model of the initial densities is developed by including the finite nuclear thickness for parton production. The new maximum energy density is found to have an analytical upper bound and satisfy an approximate scaling relation. QCD phase diagram trajectories are extracted from the semianalytical densities using several nuclear equations of state, and the calculated QGP lifetimes are found to depend significantly on the values of the model's parameters. The study next presents a comparison between two solutions of the relativistic Boltzmann equation (RBE): one, a numerical solution using parton trans- port; the other, a theoretical solution for a homogeneous gas of massless particles. Parton transport in Zhang's parton cascade (ZPC) is found to reproduce the results of a recent ex- act analytical solution of the RBE with an unexpected effectiveness at high densities when using new generalized collision schemes. Finally, the work discusses some open questions related to parton transport in ZPC and suggests some possible directions to uncover their answers. These future research goals include discovering the cause of an unexpected problem arising in simulations with three-dimensional (3D) expansion, understanding the theoretical distribution of the total center-of-mass (CM) energy squared for two-parton collisions, and studying curved parton motion in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields. Overall, the results presented in this dissertation improve the theoretical and numerical descriptions of the QGP and should be useful for future studies.
Book Synopsis Hard Probes in Heavy-ion Collisions at the LRC by : European Organization for Nuclear Research
Download or read book Hard Probes in Heavy-ion Collisions at the LRC written by European Organization for Nuclear Research and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CERN Courier written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transverse Energy Study of Heavy Ion Collisions in the CMS Detector by : Il Joong Kil
Download or read book Transverse Energy Study of Heavy Ion Collisions in the CMS Detector written by Il Joong Kil and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heavy Ion Collisions written by R. Bock and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Principles Of Phase Structures In Particle Physics by : Hildegard Meyer-ortmanns
Download or read book Principles Of Phase Structures In Particle Physics written by Hildegard Meyer-ortmanns and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-12-06 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phase structure of particle physics shows up in matter at extremely high densities and/or temperatures as they were reached in the early universe, shortly after the big bang, or in heavy-ion collisions, as they are performed nowadays in laboratory experiments. In contrast to phase transitions of condensed matter physics, the underlying fundamental theories are better known than their macroscopic manifestations in phase transitions. These theories are quantum chromodynamics for the strong interaction part and the electroweak part of the Standard Model for the electroweak interaction. It is their non-Abelian gauge structure that makes it a big challenge to predict the type of phase conversion between phases of different symmetries and different particle contents. The book is about a variety of analytical and numerical tools that are needed to study the phase structure of particle physics. To these belong convergent and asymptotic expansions in strong and weak couplings, dimensional reduction, renormalization group studies, gap equations, Monte Carlo simulations with and without fermions, finite-size and finite-mass scaling analyses, and the approach of effective actions as supplement to first-principle calculations.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Energy Physics written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1981 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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