Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Structural Properties Of Cadmium Zinc Telluride And Their Effects On Nuclear Radiation Detector Performance
Download Structural Properties Of Cadmium Zinc Telluride And Their Effects On Nuclear Radiation Detector Performance full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Structural Properties Of Cadmium Zinc Telluride And Their Effects On Nuclear Radiation Detector Performance ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Structural Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride and Their Effects on Nuclear Radiation Detector Performance by : Hojun Yoon
Download or read book Structural Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride and Their Effects on Nuclear Radiation Detector Performance written by Hojun Yoon and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Photoluminescence Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride by : Mohamed Alshal
Download or read book Photoluminescence Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride written by Mohamed Alshal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for wide bandgap semiconductors for radiation detector applications has significantly increased in recent years due to an ever-growing need for safeguard measures and medical imaging systems amongst other applications. The need for these devices to be portable and efficient, and to operate at room temperature is important for practical applications. For radiation detectors, the semiconductor materials are mainly required to have an optimal energy gap, high average atomic number, good electrical resistivity and charge transport properties as well as purity and homogeneity. Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) distinctly stands out among the other choices of semiconductor materials for radiation detector applications, due to its attractive material properties and the room temperature operation possibility. A tremendous amount of research is being conducted to improve CZT technology and its implementation into more commercial systems. Applications of CZT detector technology in national security, high energy physics, nuclear spectroscopy, and medical imaging systems are of special interests. However, CZT devices still face challenges that need to be understood and overcome in order to have more efficient radiation detector systems. One such challenge lies in the understanding of the surfaces of CZT detectors and surface recombination effects on charge transport, charge collection efficiency, and detector performance. Another common issue is the degradation of CZT detectors due to the presence of defects which can act as traps for the charge carriers and cause incomplete charge collection from the detectors. Thus, a major challenge is that, the commercial CZT crystals have large concentrations of defects and impurities that need to be characterized, and their effects on the detector performance should be studied. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is a sensitive, non-contact and non-destructive method, suitable to characterize lower concentrations of point defects, such as substitutional impurities (donors, acceptors) and native defects in CZT crystals. A PL spectrum provides information regarding the defect nature of the crystal by determining the presence and the type of vacancies, interstitials, and impurities in the lattice. The main objective of this thesis is to address the presence of the defects in CZT crystals, identify their types, and study their roles in the performance of x-ray radiation detectors using PL spectroscopy. Additionally, using PL method and different excitation sources including UV excitation, this thesis studies the surface of CZT samples and investigates the PL signature of the surface oxide of the samples, in an effort to optimize the surface processing and thereby improve CZT detector performance.
Book Synopsis Material Properties of Large-volume Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystals and Their Relationship to Nuclear Detector Performance by :
Download or read book Material Properties of Large-volume Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystals and Their Relationship to Nuclear Detector Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The material showing the greatest promise today for production of large-volume gamma-ray spectrometers operable at room temperature is cadmium zinc telluride (CZT). Unfortunately, because of deficiencies in the quality of the present material, high-resolution CZT spectrometers have thus far been limited to relatively small dimensions, which makes them inefficient at detecting high photon energies and ineffective for weak radiation signals except in near proximity. To exploit CZT fully, it will be necessary to make substantial improvements in the material quality. Improving the material involves advances in the purity, crystallinity, and control of the electrical compensation mechanism. Sandia National Laboratories, California, in close collaboration with US industry and academia, has initiated efforts to develop a detailed understanding of the underlying material problems limiting the performance of large volume gamma-ray spectrometers and to overcome them through appropriate corrections therein. A variety of analytical and numerical techniques are employed to quantify impurities, compositional and stoichiometric variations, crystallinity, strain, bulk and surface defect states, carrier mobilities and lifetimes, electric field distributions, and contact chemistry. Data from these measurements are correlated with spatial maps of the gamma-ray and alpha particle spectroscopic response to determine improvements in the material purification, crystal growth, detector fabrication, and surface passivation procedures. The results of several analytical techniques will be discussed. The intended accomplishment of this work is to develop a low-cost, high-efficiency CZT spectrometer with an active volume of 5 cm3 and energy resolution of 1--2% (at 662 keV), which would give the US a new field capability for screening radioactive substances.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Radiation Detection Materials: Volume 1038 by : Arnold Burger
Download or read book Nuclear Radiation Detection Materials: Volume 1038 written by Arnold Burger and published by . This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This symposium will provide a venue for the presentation of the latest results and discussion of radiation detection materials from both experimental and theoretical standpoints. As advances are made in this area of materials, additional experimental and theoretical approaches are used to both guide the growth of materials and to characterize the materials that have a wide array of applications for detecting different types of radiation. The types of detector materials for semiconductors and scintillators include a variety of molecular compounds such as lanthanum halides, zinc oxide, lead iodide, cadmium telluride, mercuric iodide, thallium bromide, as well as others, such as cadmium zinc telluride." "An additional class of scintillators includes those based on organic compounds and glasses. Ideally, desired materials used for radiation detection have attributes such as appropriate-range bandgaps, high atomic numbers of the central element, high densities, performance at room temperature, and strong mechanical properties, and are low cost in terms of their production. There are significant gaps in the knowledge related to these materials that are very important in making radiation detector materials that are higher quality in terms of their reproducible purity, homogeneity, and mechanical integrity. The topics that are the focal point of this symposium address these issues so that much better detectors may be made in the future."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Cadmium Zinc Telluride and Its Use as a Nuclear Radiation Detector Material by :
Download or read book Cadmium Zinc Telluride and Its Use as a Nuclear Radiation Detector Material written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radiation Detection Systems by : Krzysztof Iniewski
Download or read book Radiation Detection Systems written by Krzysztof Iniewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-04 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in semiconductor detectors, scintillators, photodetectors such as silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), and reaodut electronics have experienced tremendous growth in recent years in terms of basic technologies and variety of applications.The second edition of the book Radiation Detection Systems presents variety of radiation detection systems giving readers a broad view of the state-of–the-art in the design of detectors, front-end electronics and systems offering optimized choices of the detection tools for a particular application. The new edition has been divided into two volumes. This first volume, on Sensor Materials, Systems, Technology and Characterization Measurements puts emphasis on sensor materials, detector structures, front electronics technology and their designs as well as system optimization for different applications. Also, the book include characterization measurements of the developed detection systems. Featuring contributions from leading experts and pioneers in their respective fields, this book • describes progress in growth technologies of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials • shows variety of specific detector structure designs and their integration with front-end amplification/processing electronics • presents detection systems based on CdZnTe and CdTe detector technologies that are optimized for specific applications. The designed systems are characterized in terms of their spectral responses, spatial and timing resolutions • addresses incomplete charge collection, pulse pileup, charge sharing between neighboring detector pixels and other phenomena that can degrade the spectral response of photon-counting detectors • reports new developments of silicon photomultipliers used for reading the light from scintillators that starting to make a big impact particularly in the design concepts of novel medical instrumentation With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this book is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field. Readers can refer to the second book to get a detailed understanding of more specific applications of the detection systems in medical imaging, industrial testing and security applications.
Book Synopsis Electric Field Distribution of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT). by :
Download or read book Electric Field Distribution of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT). written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) is attracting increasing interest with its promise as a room-temperature nuclear-radiation-detector material. The distribution of the electric field in CZT detectors substantially affects their detection performance. At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), we employed a synchrotron X-Ray mapping technique and a Pockels-effect measurement system to investigate this distribution in different detectors. Here, we report our latest experimental results with three detectors of different width/height ratios. A decrease in this ratio aggravates the non-uniform distribution of electric field, and focuses it on the central volume. Raising the bias voltage effectively can minimize such non-uniformity of the electric field distribution. The position of the maximum electric field is independent of the bias voltage; the difference between its maximum- and minimum-intensity of electric field increases with the applied bias voltage.
Book Synopsis Cadmium Telluride and Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detectors for Radionuclide Analysis by : Anthony Drew Lavietes
Download or read book Cadmium Telluride and Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detectors for Radionuclide Analysis written by Anthony Drew Lavietes and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CdTe and CdZnTe Materials by : Kris Iniewski
Download or read book CdTe and CdZnTe Materials written by Kris Iniewski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Strategies and Challenges to Improve Single Crystal Yield and Detector Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluirde [that Is, Telluride] Grown Via Accelerated Crucible Rotation by : Saketh Kakkireni
Download or read book Strategies and Challenges to Improve Single Crystal Yield and Detector Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluirde [that Is, Telluride] Grown Via Accelerated Crucible Rotation written by Saketh Kakkireni and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-state radiation detection finds its applications in numerous fields ranging from nuclear medicine to astrophysics. Although Semiconductors offer better energy and spatial resolution than Scintillators, their market share is limited by the cost, availability and need for cryogenic cooling. Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) is a compound semiconductor with attractive properties for compact device technology for detection of X-rays and Gamma-rays. Over the past few decades' numerous efforts are made to grow high-quality CZT, unfortunately to-date it's application is limited by large-scale production and cost. Poor thermo-physical properties of CZT coupled with no strong growth direction make it a challenge to achieve high yield of single crystalline material. Current industrial flux growth technique is inherently limited by slow growth rates and requires post-processing. The solution may be found in the Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique (ACRT), where the crystal growth is achieved under a forced convective regime involving periodic rotation of the growth crucible. ACRT induced flow patterns can homogenize the melt thereby enabling faster growth rates and eliminate the need for post-processing. Our preliminary results, presented here, show that ACRT can reduce the production time by a factor of four. Additionally, the application of ACRT has provided the potential for scale up the growth process. Also discussed are challenges and future strategies in ACRT coupled CZT growth. Successful completion of this work will enable the use of CZT in the next generation imaging systems as well as provide a better foundation for understanding and implementing ACRT in other crystal growth systems. Successful seeding and superior detector resolutions are demonstrated.
Book Synopsis Study on Thermal Annealing of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Crystals by :
Download or read book Study on Thermal Annealing of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Crystals written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) has attracted increasing interest with its promising potential as a room-temperature nuclear-radiation-detector material. However, different defects in CZT crystals, especially Te inclusions and dislocations, can degrade the performance of CZT detectors. Post-growth annealing is a good approach potentially to eliminate the deleterious influence of these defects. At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), we built up different facilities for investigating post-growth annealing of CZT. Here, we report our latest experimental results. Cd-vapor annealing reduces the density of Te inclusions, while large temperature gradient promotes the migration of small-size Te inclusions. Simultaneously, the annealing lowers the density of dislocations. However, only-Cd-vapor annealing decreases the resistivity, possibly reflecting the introduction of extra Cd in the lattice. Subsequent Te-vapor annealing is needed to ensure the recovery of the resistivity after removing the Te inclusions.
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Electronic Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Detectors Using a Nuclear Microprobe by :
Download or read book Investigation of the Electronic Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Detectors Using a Nuclear Microprobe written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electronic transport properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) determine the charge collection efficiency (i.e. the signal quality) of CZT detectors. These properties vary on both macroscopic and microscopic scale and depend on the presence of impurities and defects introduced during the crystal growth. Ion Beam Induced Charge Collection (IBICC) is a proven method to measure the charge collection efficiency. Using an ion microbeam, the charge collection efficiency can be mapped with submicron resolution, and the map of electronic properties (such as drift length) can be calculated from the measurement. A more sophisticated version of IBICC, the Time Resolved IBICC (TRIBICC) allows them to determine the mobility and the life time of the charge carriers by recording and analyzing the transient waveform of the detector signal. Furthermore, lateral IBICC and TRIBICC can provide information how the charge collection efficiency depends on the depth where the charge carriers are generated. This allows one to deduce information on the distribution of the electric field and transport properties of the charge carriers along the detector axis. IBICC and TRIBICC were used at the Sandia microbeam facility to image electronic properties of several CZT detectors. From the lateral TRIBICC measurement the electron and hole drift length profiles were calculated.
Book Synopsis Spatial Mapping of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Materials Properties and Electrical Response to Improve Device Yield and Performance by :
Download or read book Spatial Mapping of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Materials Properties and Electrical Response to Improve Device Yield and Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium zinc telluride has experienced tremendous growth in its application to various radiation sensing problems over the last five years. However, there are still issues with yield, particularly of the large volume devices needed for imaging and sensitivity-critical applications. Inhomogeneities of various types and on various length scales currently prevent the fabrication of large devices of high spectral performance. This paper discusses the development of a set of characterization tools for quantifying these inhomogeneities, in order to develop improvement strategies to achieve the desired cadmium zinc telluride crystals for detector fabrication.
Book Synopsis Properties of Cadmium Telluride Nuclear Radiation Detectors by : J. A. Hodgkinson
Download or read book Properties of Cadmium Telluride Nuclear Radiation Detectors written by J. A. Hodgkinson and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Properties of Cadmium Telluride Nuclear Radiation Detectors by : J. H. Howess
Download or read book Properties of Cadmium Telluride Nuclear Radiation Detectors written by J. H. Howess and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystal Growth for Room Temperature Radiation Detectors by : Kelly Allan Jones
Download or read book Optimization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystal Growth for Room Temperature Radiation Detectors written by Kelly Allan Jones and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ion Microbeam Studies of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Radiation Detectors by IBICC. by :
Download or read book Ion Microbeam Studies of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Radiation Detectors by IBICC. written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Beam Induced Charge Collection (IBICC) and Time Resolved IBICC (TRIBICC) techniques were e for imaging electronic properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) room temperature radiation detectors. The detectors were bombarded with a scanned 5.4 MeV He microbeam and the detector response was analyzed at each point. The electron mobility (A) and Metime (z.), and charge collection efficiency maps were calculated from the data. In order to determine the radiation damage to the detectors, the signal deteriomtion was measured as the function of dose.
![Download Strategies and Challenges to Improve Single Crystal Yield and Detector Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluirde [that Is, Telluride] Grown Via Accelerated Crucible Rotation PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/ptHHzgEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
