Strategic Planning For The Sustainable Production Of Biofuels

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Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels

Author : José Maria Ponce-Ortega
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128181796
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels by : José Maria Ponce-Ortega

Download or read book Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels written by José Maria Ponce-Ortega and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels presents several optimization models for the design and planning of sustainable biorefinery supply chains, including issues surrounding the potential of biomass feedstocks in multiple harvesting sites, availability and seasonality of biomass resources, different potential geographical locations for processing plants that produce multiple products using diverse production technologies, economies of scale for production technologies, demands and prices of multiple products, locations of storage facilities, and a number of transportation modes. Sustainability considerations are incorporated into the proposed models by including simultaneous economic, environmental and social performance in the evaluation of the supply chain designs. Covers different optimization models for the strategic planning of biorefining systems Includes the GAMS and MATLAB codes for solving various problems Considers sustainability criteria in the presented models Presents different approaches for obtained trade-off solutions Provides general software that can be used for solving different problems

Towards Sustainable Production and Use of Resources

Author :
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
ISBN 13 : 9789280730524
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards Sustainable Production and Use of Resources by :

Download or read book Towards Sustainable Production and Use of Resources written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2009 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report was produced by the Working Group on biofuels of the International Panel for Sustainable Resource Managemet. It provides an overview of the key problems and perspectives toward sustainable production and use of biofuels. It is based on an extensive literature study, taking into account recent major reviews. The focus is on so-called first generation biofuels while considering further lines of development. In the overall context of enhancing resource productivity, options for more efficient and sustainable production and use of biomass are examined. In particular, "modern biomass use" for energetic purposes, such as biomass used for (co-)generation of heat and power and liquid biofuels for transport, are addressed and related to the use of biomass for food and material purposes. Whereas improving the efficiency of biomass production plays a certain role towards enhancing sustainability, progress will ultimately depend on a more efficient use of biotic (and abiotic) resources (incl. for instance an increased fuel economy of car fleets), although a full consideration of all relevant strategies towards this end (e.g changing diets high in animal based foods and reducing food losses) is beyond the scope of this report.

Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries

Author : Alain A. Vertes
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119152038
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries by : Alain A. Vertes

Download or read book Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries written by Alain A. Vertes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the latest advances in biofuel manufacturing technologies and discusses the deployment of other renewable energy for transportation Aimed at providing an interface useful to business and scientific managers, this book focuses on the key challenges that still impede the realization of the billion-ton renewable fuels vision. It places great emphasis on a global view of the topic, reviewing deployment and green energy technology in different countries across Africa, Asia, South America, the EU, and the USA. It also integrates scientific, technological, and business development perspectives to highlight the key developments that are necessary for the global replacement of fossil fuels with green energy solutions. Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries examines the most recent developments in biofuel manufacturing technologies in light of business, financial, value chain, and supply chain concerns. It also covers the use of other renewable energy sources like solar energy for transportation and proposes a view of the challenges over the next two to five decades, and how these will deeply modify the industrial world in the third millennium. The coming of age of electric vehicles is also looked at, as is the impact of their deployment on the biomass to biofuels value chain. Offers extensive updates on the field of green energy for global industries Covers the structure of the energy business; chemicals and diesel from biomass; ethanol and butanol; hydrogen and methane; and more Provides an expanded focus on the next generation of energy technologies Reviews the latest advances in biofuel manufacturing technologies Integrates scientific, technological and business perspectives Highlights important developments needed for replacing fossil fuels with green energy Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries will appeal to academic researchers working on the production of fuels from renewable feedstocks and those working in green and sustainable chemistry, and chemical/process engineering. It is also an excellent textbook for courses in bioprocessing technology, renewable resources, green energy, and sustainable chemistry.

Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

Author : Jingzheng Ren
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128155825
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future by : Jingzheng Ren

Download or read book Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future written by Jingzheng Ren and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future: Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment and Multi-criteria Decision Making provides a comprehensive sustainability analysis of biofuels based on life cycle thinking and develops various multi-dimensional decision-making techniques for prioritizing biofuel production technologies. Taking a transversal approach, the book combines life cycle sustainability assessment, life cycle assessment, life cycle costing analysis, social life cycle assessment, sustainability metrics, triple bottom line, operations research methods, and supply chain design for investigating the critical factors and key enablers that influence the sustainable development of biofuel industry. This book will equip researchers and policymakers in the energy sector with the scientific methodology and metrics needed to develop strategies for viable sustainability transition. It will be a key resource for students, researchers and practitioners seeking to deepen their knowledge on energy planning and current and future trends of biofuel as an alternative fuel. Provides an innovative approach to promoting sustainable development in biofuel production by linking supply chain design and decision support with the life cycle perspective Features case studies and examples that illustrate the theory and methods developed Includes material on corporate social responsibility and economic analysis of biofuels that is highly useful to policy-makers and administrators in both government and enterprise sectors

Managing Green Business Model Transformations

Author : Axel Sommer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642288480
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Green Business Model Transformations by : Axel Sommer

Download or read book Managing Green Business Model Transformations written by Axel Sommer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-20 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental sustainability creates both tremendous business opportunities and formidable threats to established companies across virtually all industry sectors. Yet many companies tackle the issue in a superficial or passive way, rather than considering fundamental changes to their existing business models. By ignoring the opportunities of Green Business Model Transformations, companies exclude themselves from a large variety of potential means to create economic value. In addition to ordinary product and process innovations, they can change “the rules of the game” within an industry towards environmental sustainability. Green Business Model Transformations, however, are challenging ventures: New, green business models with all their uncertainties and inherent complex systemic characteristics are difficult to design, assess, and implement successfully, particularly in the context of established companies that often entail complex structures and considerable inertia. As a result, there is a great need for guidance in management practice. This publication addresses this need with a general approach to Managing Green Business Model Transformations that is based on a broad theoretical foundation, illustrated by many real-world examples from various industry sectors.

Advances and Developments in Biobutanol Production

Author : Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernandez
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0323998054
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances and Developments in Biobutanol Production by : Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernandez

Download or read book Advances and Developments in Biobutanol Production written by Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernandez and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-19 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances and Developments in Biobutanol Production is a comprehensive reference on the production and purification of biobutanol, from the fundamentals to the latest advances. Focusing on selection of biomass, choice of pretreatments, biochemistry and design of fermentation, purification and biofuel application, the book also provides details on biorefinery design, lifecycle analysis, and offers perspectives on future developments. Through detailed analysis, chapters show readers how to overcome the challenges associated with the correct selection of raw material and adequate biomass pretreatment, the selection of microorganisms for fermenting biomass sugars, the purification of effluent coming from fermentation, and the high energy demands of production. Solutions are supported by step-by-step guidance on methodologies and processes, with lab and industry-scale case studies providing real-world examples of their implementation. This book provides readers with a unique and comprehensive reference on the production of biobutanol for biofuel that will be of interest to graduates, researchers and professionals involved in bioenergy and renewable energy. Presents a holistic approach to the production and purification of biobutanol and its use as the high-value bioproduct Provides solutions to the major challenges and bottlenecks in biobutanol production, including feedstock, pretreatment, purification, fermentation, high energy demand and recover costs Offers step-by-step guidance on processes and procedures and describes their applications alongside real-world case studies

Future Bioenergy and Sustainable Land Use

Author : Renate Schubert
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136545581
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Future Bioenergy and Sustainable Land Use by : Renate Schubert

Download or read book Future Bioenergy and Sustainable Land Use written by Renate Schubert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the major opportunities and risks associated with it, and the complexity of the subject, bioenergy policy has in a short time become a challenging political task for regulators and planners – a task that can only be accomplished through worldwide cooperation and the creation of an international framework. This book's central message is that the sustainable potential of bioenergy, which can be tapped all over the world, should be utilized – provided that threats to sustainability are avoided. In particular, the use of bioenergy must not endanger food security or the goals of nature conservation and climate change mitigation.

Liquid Biofuels: Emergence, Development and Prospects

Author : Sherrill Edwards
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1447164822
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Liquid Biofuels: Emergence, Development and Prospects by : Sherrill Edwards

Download or read book Liquid Biofuels: Emergence, Development and Prospects written by Sherrill Edwards and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy is coming to be seen as a priority on the international agenda, with the use of liquid biofuels a key strategy in the attempt to meet both the demand for environmental sustainability and the energy needs of countries. The growth in the production and use of biofuels around the world has led to increased interest and discussion about this subject. Given the dynamics of this phenomenon, the organizers of this book, based on more than 10 years experience of joint research on this subject, seek to address key issues relating to the production and marketing of liquid biofuels using the Brazilian experience with ethanol and biodiesel as an illustrative case, as well as the experiences of the leading producers and consumers of biofuels. The topics to be covered in this book include the role of public policies in fostering the emergence of the biofuels industry, the main socio-economic, environmental, technological aspects and the prospects for the sector. The conceptual and methodological bases that provide analytical support to the book are based on recent research published in indexed journals. The structure and content of the book seek to address some central issues regarding: How the biofuel industries have emerged and developed in different countries? What factors have been crucial to the success or failure of different production initiatives? What are the main socio-economic-environmental impacts of the production and consumption of liquid biofuels? How are national and international markets for liquid biofuels being structured? To what extent and/or in what conditions can the experiences and lessons learned at the national level be transferred and adapted in other countries? Finally, based on the scenarios, the prospects for liquid biofuels will be discussed.

Biomass and Biofuels

Author : Shibu Jose
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466595329
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass and Biofuels by : Shibu Jose

Download or read book Biomass and Biofuels written by Shibu Jose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-22 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-held tenets of the energy sector are being rewritten in the twenty-first century. The rise of unconventional oil and gas and of renewables is transforming our economies and improving our understanding of the distribution of the world’s energy resources and their impacts. A complete knowledge of the dynamics underpinning energy markets is necessary for decision-makers reconciling economic, energy, and environmental objectives. Those that anticipate global energy developments successfully can derive an advantage, while those that fail to do so risk making poor policy and investment decisions. Focused on solving the key challenges impeding the realization of advanced cellulosic biofuels and bioproducts in rural areas, Biomass and Biofuels: Advanced Biorefineries for Sustainable Production and Distribution provides comprehensive information on sustainable production of biomass feedstock, supply chain management of feedstocks to the biorefinery site, advanced conversion processes, and catalysts/biocatalysts for production of fuels and chemicals using conventional and integrated technologies. The book also presents detailed coverage of downstream processing, and ecological considerations for refineries processing lignocellulosic and algal biomass resources. Discussions of feedstock raw materials, methods for biomass conversion, and its effective integration to make biorefinery more sustainable – economically, environmentally, and socially – give you the tools to make informed decisions.

The Politics of Bioeconomy and Sustainability

Author : Mairon G. Bastos Lima
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303066838X
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Bioeconomy and Sustainability by : Mairon G. Bastos Lima

Download or read book The Politics of Bioeconomy and Sustainability written by Mairon G. Bastos Lima and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-15 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the underexposed political dimensions of bioeconomy promotion. Who wins and who loses? How are institutions being shaped, and by whom? Drawing from experiences since the earlier days of biofuels promotion, it explores in unprecedented detail the global drive away from fossil fuels and towards a biomass-based economy. Multipurpose agriculture gains ever more traction as countries create new bio-based value chains – or, rather, value webs. Governance, in this regard, proves to be key for steering developments towards inclusive agri-food-biomass systems instead of fueling just a handful of “flex crops” ridden with social equity and other environmental issues. Based on a rich global-level analysis of bioeconomy promotion and three in-depth case studies of key emerging economies (Brazil, India and Indonesia), the book also innovatively examines sustainability politics in Global South democracies. Ultimately, this book is about finding the politics for a fairer bioeconomy in the years and decades to come.

Food Byproducts Management and Their Utilization

Author : Ricardo Gómez-García
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000852938
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Food Byproducts Management and Their Utilization by : Ricardo Gómez-García

Download or read book Food Byproducts Management and Their Utilization written by Ricardo Gómez-García and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-01-09 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food byproducts derived from industrial processing is a serious worldwide problem because it generates environmental pollution and results in significant food and economic losses from food waste. This new volume shows how food byproducts can be value-added renewable sources with the application of novel biotechnologies that avoid hazardous chemicals. The volume discusses the importance of valorizing food wastes and illustrates their value-added properties for industry. It explains the significant progress in bioresources processing for compound extraction and production as well as the increasing interest of food ingredients development, in which health care, environment, and economics play an essential part in biotechnological research. It considers the waste byproducts of various crops, such as tomato, melon, maize, berries, soybean, coffee, and their uses in the generation of health-benefiting bioactive compounds. The volume goes on to explore the various biotechnological strategies to extract, produce, and recover bioactive compounds along with the cost-effectiveness of these methods. Key features: Describes technological aspects in consolidated processing and bioprocessing of food by-products Discusses technological aspects in biotechnology for food byproducts treatment and the richness of their biomolecules Looks at the nutraceutical and health benefit aspects of such biomolecules from food waste byproducts Provides attractive and sustainable methodologies for bioproduct extraction and recovery for industrial application This volume, Food Byproducts Management and Their Utilization, presents strategies that are of interest in food engineering, green chemistry, biotechnology, and some other areas, while paying special attention to biorefinery approaches and new challenges that industries are dealing with in the era of sustainable development. It aims to encourage not only researchers but also governmental and enterprise sectors to recognize the value and applications of food byproducts and waste.

Sustainable Biodiesel

Author : Meisam Tabatabaei
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128204850
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Biodiesel by : Meisam Tabatabaei

Download or read book Sustainable Biodiesel written by Meisam Tabatabaei and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-06-23 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Biodiesel: Real-World Designs, Economics, and Applications offers a unique, integrated approach that combines cutting-edge research results and the day-to-day aspects of biodiesel production at the industrial level. It brings together experienced academics and recognized industry experts to explore the most practical elements of research and discuss the limitations and future needs of the industry. The book critically reviews strategies for implementing biodiesel-based biorefineries, feedstock supply chains, reactor technologies, processes for biodiesel production, and biodiesel combustion, including advanced fuel formulations containing biodiesel. The authors examine biodiesel plants from the point of view of design, operation, quality control, and sustainability, including life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). Policy and regulatory constraints in biodiesel production and commercialization as well as future trends and needs of the industry are also covered. This book, as a volume of the "Biomass and Biofuels" series, provides researchers and practitioners in the field of biomass and biofuels with a well-rounded understanding of how the technologies developed in the lab can be deployed at commercial scale in a sustainable and cost-efficient way. This allows biofuels researchers to better develop technology that is fit for upscaling in an industrial setting and complies with sustainability goals. Practicing engineers, on the other hand, find in this volume up-to-date information on available technology, the latest advances, and future trends that will inform their decision-making when planning, implementing, and troubleshooting biodiesel-based bioenergy systems. Sheds light on the real-world aspects of biodiesel production while also covering the cutting-edge research results in the field Integrates design, economics, and sustainability aspects, minimizing the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical expertise, as well as between technical aspects and environmental and economic performances Includes realistic examples and case studies of applications of state-of-the-methodologies for life cycle assessment, life cycle impact assessment, and life cycle costing

Sustainable Biofuels

Author : Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110381338
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Biofuels by : Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj

Download or read book Sustainable Biofuels written by Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With oil resources approaching their limits, biofuels have become increasingly attractive. This book provides a detailed description of the ecological implications of second and third generation biofuel feedstock production systems, beginning with an introduction to the importance of ecological sustainability alongside economic viability. The book is divided into sections describing theoretical foundation and benefits of various biofuel cropping systems, and providing a description of practical ecological limitations to achieve those fundamental benefits. The book covers such critical issues as greenhouse gas emissions, carbon balance, water cycle components, other biogeochemical and socioeconomic interactions alongside life cycle analysis principals for achieving sustainability. These are some of the most important sustainability, environmental and economic issues which biofuel industry and scientific community is seeking answers to.

Optimization of Chemical Processes

Author : José María Ponce-Ortega
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303157270X
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimization of Chemical Processes by : José María Ponce-Ortega

Download or read book Optimization of Chemical Processes written by José María Ponce-Ortega and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biodiesel

Author : Greg Pahl
Publisher : Chelsea Green Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1933392967
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (333 download)

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Book Synopsis Biodiesel by : Greg Pahl

Download or read book Biodiesel written by Greg Pahl and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For anyone who is trying to keep up with the extremely rapid developments in the biodiesel industry, the second edition of Biodiesel: Growing a New Energy Economy is an invaluable aid. The breathtaking speed with which biodiesel has gained acceptance in the marketplace in the past few years has been exceeded only by the proliferation of biodiesel production facilities around the United States--and the world--only to confront new social and environmental challenges and criticisms. The international survey of the biodiesel industry has been expanded from 40 to more than 80 countries, reflecting the spectacular growth of the industry around the world. This section also tracks the dramatic shifts in the fortunes of the industry that have taken place in some of these nations. The detailed chapters that cover the industry in the United States have also been substantially rewritten to keep abreast of its many new developments and explosive domestic growth. An expanded section on small-scale, local biodiesel production has been added to better represent this small but growing part of the industry. Another new section has been added to more fully explore the increasingly controversial issues of deforestation and food versus fuel, as well as GMO crops. The second edition concludes with updated views on where the industry is headed in the years to come from some of its key players.

Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean

Author : Barry D. Solomon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461492750
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean by : Barry D. Solomon

Download or read book Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Barry D. Solomon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines recent developments in Latin American biofuel production. Taking “sustainable development” as a central theme, each chapter considers one country in the region and explores how biofuel production is evolving given concerns about food sovereignty, trade and other social issues. Environmental conservation, as well as an increasingly complex and globalized economic structure, Is also taken into account. The contributions to this volume critically explore the ways in which biofuel production in Latin America impact social, economic and environmental systems: the so-called “three pillars of sustainability". Numerous stakeholders, drawn from government, industry, civil society and academia have attempted to define “Sustainable Development” in the context of biofuel production and to operationalize it through a series of principles, criteria, and highly specific indicators. Nevertheless, it remains a fluid and contested concept with deep political and social ramifications, which each chapter explores in detail.

Biofuels and the Sustainability Challenge

Author : Aziz Elbehri
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofuels and the Sustainability Challenge by : Aziz Elbehri

Download or read book Biofuels and the Sustainability Challenge written by Aziz Elbehri and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels global emergence in the last two decades is met with increased concerns over climate change and sustainable development. This report addresses the core issue of biofuel sustainability of biofuels and related feedstocks, drawing from a wide range of sustainability related studies, reports, policy initiatives. The report critically examines the economic, environmental and social sustainability dimensions of biofuels and review the major certification initiatives, schemes and regulations. In doing so, the report relies on extensive review of a number of country case studies covering a broad range of current biofuel-feedstocks systems. The report analysis clearly distinguish feedstock efficiency (in terms of biofuel yields per unit of land) from sustainability, especially under limiting resource (irrigated water) or sensitive areas (carbon stocks). Also, long run economic viability depend on the future policy support, technical innovations in biofuel systems, economics of biofuel supply and demand and trade-offs between food and energy uses as well as feedstock productivity gains. Biofuels can present both advantages and risks for environmental sustainability; the latter being often difficult to measure or monitor and may conflict with economic sustainability unless great strides in productivity gains are achieved. Social sustainability is the weakest link in current biofuel certification schemes owing to intrinsic local factors and as efforts target more few negative social impacts; much less focus is placed on inclusive processes that strengthen marginal stockholders participation and benefits. Biofuel certification schemes need to be more smallholder inclusive, perhaps through policy initiatives. Finally, poor developing countries, especially with abundant land and biomass production potential, need to prioritise food security and poverty reduction. In many cases, biofuel models that encourage small scale integrated bioenergy systems may offer higher rural development impacts. FDI-induced larger-scale biofuel projects, on the other hand, may be suitable in those situations where countries have sufficient industrial capacity, besides land and biomass potential, and when these biofuel projects can be fully integrated into domestic energy strategies that do not conflict with food production potential and food security.