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Stem And Progenitor Cells In The Central Nervous System
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Author :R.S. Nowakowski Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3805578709 Total Pages :212 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (55 download)
Book Synopsis Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Central Nervous System by : R.S. Nowakowski
Download or read book Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Central Nervous System written by R.S. Nowakowski and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication focuses on the biology of stem and progenitor cells in the developing and mature central nervous system, their response to trauma and potential uses in therapy. The authors, who are leading experts in the field, address topical questions from both basic and clinical neuroscience perspectives such as: non-invasive imaging of stem cell division; the origins of regional diversity in cell types and cell numbers in the stem cell progeny; factors that regulate generation of neurons and glial cells from stem cells during normal development; the role of genetic and environmental factors in the regulation of stem cell function; the role of stem cells in mediating the effects of brain trauma and its recovery, and the therapeutic uses of stem cells. Offering a unique compilation of articles on the biology and the therapeutic applications of stem cells in the embryonic and mature nervous systems, this volume will be of great value to neuroscientists, developmental biologists, cancer biologists and clinical neurologists.
Book Synopsis Isolation, Characterization and Utilization of CNS Stem Cells by : F. Gage
Download or read book Isolation, Characterization and Utilization of CNS Stem Cells written by F. Gage and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on a meeting of the Fondation IPSEN, held in Paris on Sep tember 18, 1995 to address the main issues of nervous system stem cells biology. Cell replacement in the adult mammals is not unusual outside the nervous sys tem. In fact, the nervous system is unique in lacking the ability to replace cells, following damage. Most neurons, in the adult central nervous system are termin of the organism and are not replaced ally differentiated, exist through the life when they die. There are, however, regions of the postnatal brain that continue to produce new neurons, but the fate and longevity of those cells are not well known. Evidence exists that small populations of neurons continue to be born in the adult ventricular zone, olfactory epithelium and hippocampus. In the adult hippocampus, newly born neurons originate from putative stem cells that exist in the sub granular zone of the dentate gyrus. Progeny of these putative stem cells differentiate into neurons in the granular layer within a month of the cells' birth, and this late neurogenesis continues throughout the adult life of the rodent. By understanding the nature of progenitor cells present in the embryonic and adult brains, the change in their population dynamics during development, and the factors that influence their proliferation, fate choice and differentiation, it may be possible to develop a strategy to manipulate cells in situ to treat neuro degenerative diseases or the injured adult brain.
Book Synopsis Neural Progenitor Cells by : Loic P. Deleyrolle
Download or read book Neural Progenitor Cells written by Loic P. Deleyrolle and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-10-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated edition collects cutting-edge techniques used to study neural stem and progenitor cells as well as the brain microenvironment. Featuring a wide range of technological advances in the study of neural stem cells, the volume highlights the promises of stem cell-based therapeutic applications for central nervous system ailments. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Neural Progenitor Cells: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an invaluable resource for the next generation of neuroscientists as they develop innovative experimental paradigms and progress toward therapeutic applications in the field of neurobiology.
Book Synopsis Stem Cells and CNS Development by : Mahendra S. Rao
Download or read book Stem Cells and CNS Development written by Mahendra S. Rao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-02-20 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem Cells and CNS Development critically reviews recent findings on stem cells, their involvement in neurogenesis and gliogenesis, and the therapeutic implications of these findings. It defines by consensus the classes of stem cells in the nervous system, compares their similarities and differences, discusses the gains made in identifying human homologs of neural stem cells, and describes how these cells are beginning to be used for therapeutic purposes. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, this book provides all developmental scientists and neurobiologists not only an authoritative account of the current results in neural stem cell research, but also an incisive review of the rapidly emerging therapeutic uses of stem cells.
Book Synopsis The Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System by : Damir Janigro
Download or read book The Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System written by Damir Janigro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-23 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Cycle in the Central Nervous System overviews the changes in cell cycle as they relate to prenatal and post natal brain development, progression to neurological disease or tumor formation.Topics covered range from the cell cycle during the prenatal development of the mammalian central nervous system to future directions in postnatal neurogenesis through gene transfer, electrical stimulation, and stem cell introduction. Additional chapters examine the postnatal development of neurons and glia, the regulation of cell cycle in glia, and how that regulation may fail in pretumor conditions or following a nonneoplastic CNS response to injury. Highlights include treatments of the effects of deep brain stimulation on brain development and repair; the connection between the electrophysiological properties of neuroglia, cell cycle, and tumor progression; and the varied immunological responses and their regulation by cell cycle.
Book Synopsis Stem Cells in the Nervous System: Functional and Clinical Implications by : Fred H. Gage
Download or read book Stem Cells in the Nervous System: Functional and Clinical Implications written by Fred H. Gage and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After 40 years of research, scientists have confirmed that persistent neurogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian brain. The obvious next question is: "Are the newly generated neurons functional?" If so, "What are the functions of these new neurons?" This volume intends to clarify both questions by providing the latest data available.
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair by : Tanja Zigova
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair written by Tanja Zigova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-11-05 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active neuroscientists survey NSCs as potential tools for central nervous system and spinal cord repair by explaining their clinically significant fundamental properties, manipulations, and potential therapeutic paradigms. Their discussion of the fundamental biology of NSCs illustrates the signaling pathways that regulate stem cell division and differentiation, and defines the methods of NSC expansion and propagation, neuromorphogenesis, the factors determining cell fate both in vitro and in situ, and the induction of self-reparative processes within the brain. They also present strategies that may lead to fruitful clinical applications in the near future. These range from the replacement of degenerated, dysfunctional, or maldeveloped cells to the provision of factors that may protect, correct, recruit, promote self-repair, or mediate the connectivity of host cells.
Book Synopsis Stem Cells for Restoration of the Central Nervous System by : Guilherme Lepski
Download or read book Stem Cells for Restoration of the Central Nervous System written by Guilherme Lepski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Development and Stem Cells by : Mahendra S. Rao
Download or read book Neural Development and Stem Cells written by Mahendra S. Rao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-28 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing the second edition of Neural Development and Stem Cells was neces- tated by the rapid increase in our knowledge of the development of the nervous system. It has become increasingly clear that stem cells are a heterogeneous population that changes extensively during development. Perhaps the most important advance in our understanding of stem cell behavior has been the realization that regionalization of stem cells occurs early in development and this bias toward differentiation in phe- types of neurons or cells characteristic of a particular part of the brain appears to persist even after prolonged culture. We have therefore included additional chapters on olf- tory epithelial stem cells and retinal stem cells, both of which differ in their properties from ventricular zone and subventricular zone–derived neural stem cells. It is also now clear from an analysis of mutants and transgenics where the death or self-renewal pa- way is altered that cell death regulates stem cell number. As a consequence, this second edition includes a separate chapter on cell death that summarizes the important changes in the death pathway that occur as stem cells mature. The existing chapters in the book have also been extensively revised and updated by experts who have generously c- tributed their time and expertise. The chapters have been organized along the lines of our understanding of how the nervous system develops (Fig. 1, on p. vi).
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells by : Jane E. Bottenstein
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells written by Jane E. Bottenstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Stem Cells: Development and Transplantation provides comprehensive, critical and insightful reviews by leading experts in this exciting field of research. This volume will provide the latest data on neural stem cell properties and their therapeutic applications. This volume will be particularly useful for students, basic scientists, and clinicians in the academic or industrial sectors who have an interest in understanding neural development and its application to repairing the nervous system.
Book Synopsis In Search of the Optimal Cell for Central Nervous System Remyelination by : Marie Vidal
Download or read book In Search of the Optimal Cell for Central Nervous System Remyelination written by Marie Vidal and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of therapies promoting myelin repair (by stimulation of endogenous remyelination and/or by transplantation of exogenous cells) would be a major advance for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The present project explores the potential of peripheral nervous system (PNS) stem/progenitor cells for these innovative approaches in mouse models. Boundary cap cells (BCs) are embryonic PNS stem cells that are interesting candidates for cell therapy since they are highly competitive for CNS remyelination. However, their use is limited due to their difficult isolation. Therefore, we further investigated the potential presence of BC remnants in the adult PNS. We evidenced that adult dorsal root ganglia contain cells able to form multipotent spheres in vitro and exhibiting great differentiation plasticity in vivo. When grafted away from a demyelinated lesion in the spinal cord, they migrate to the lesion and differentiate into remyelinating Schwann cells as efficiently as BCs. Upon transplantation in the developing brain, they differentiate into pericytes. Finally, in order to identify these cells in situ we combined BrdU pulse chase assay and analysis of different transgenic tools. We identified a subpopulation of satellite glial cells exhibiting specific stem cells features. Fate-tracing experiments of these potential persistent adult PNS stem cells should provide crucial knowledge for the future development of therapies directed towards myelin repair.
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells by : Luca Bonfanti
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells written by Luca Bonfanti and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty years after the discovery of neural stem cells, the question whether the central nervous system can be considered among regenerative tissues is still open. On one side, deep characterization of neural stem and progenitor cells, their niches, and their progeny in brain neurogenic sites overtly showed that new neurons can be generated in the brain of adult mammals, including humans. On the other side, many problems arise when stem cells encounter the mature brain parenchyma, still hampering the development of efficacious therapeutic approaches with endogenous or exogenously-delivered neural stem cells. This book tries to make the point on these extremely promising, yet unresolved, issues.
Book Synopsis Neural Stem Cells in the Central Nervous System by : Wenjun Xu
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells in the Central Nervous System written by Wenjun Xu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adult neural stem cells (NSC) reside in the periventricular region along the entire neuaxis. It is thought that a subset of mature astrocytes, expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), known as definitive NSCs (dNSC) are responsible for neurogenesis within the adult forebrain. We have identified a novel population of a rare, primitive NSC (pNSC) expressing low level of the pluripotency marker, Oct4. Both dNSC and pNSC can be isolated in vitro using neurosphere assays and differentiate into glial and neuronal cell types. Transplantation studies of pure pNSCs into the anterior rostral migratory stream of mice produced migrating neuroblasts and neurons in the olfactory bulb suggesting a potential lineage relationship between pNSCs and downstream progenitor cells. Using transgenic mouse models whereby dNSCs are labeled using a Cre-Lox system then subsequently ablated using the thymidine kinase system under the GFAP promoter, we have shown that pNSCs are non-GFAP expressing and can give rise to dNSCs in the forebrain. By taking advantage of the unique marker expression of Oct4 in pNSCs, we used Oct4CreERT2;ROSAyfpfl/fl;GFAPtk mice to selectively label pNSCs followed by complete depletion of dNSCs. As predicted, some dNSCs that returned over time expressed YFP, revealing a direct contribution from pre-labeled Oct4 expressing pNSCs. Together, these findings confirm the NSC lineage relationship in vivo, whereby the dNSC lies downstream of the pNSC in the adult forebrain. In the non-neurogenic spinal cord niche, we have isolated pNSC and dNSC populations throughout development. We suggest a similar lineage relationship based on in vitro passaging experiments. Interestingly, the most abundant protein within mature myelin, myelin basic protein (MBP), inhibits proliferation which terminates NSC derived sphere formation in vitro. In a transgenic mouse model with conditional knock-out of MBP, the shiverer-/- mouse, there is a significant enhancement of the number of NSCs isolated both naively and following injury compared to littermate or non-injured controls respectively. In conclusion, we have identified two distinct NSC populations within the adult central nervous system that can be activated following injury but suppressed by MBP. Understanding the factors and conditions that impact these distinct populations of cells will shed light into developing novel stem cell-based regenerative medicine strategies.
Book Synopsis Progenitor Diversity and Neural Cell Specification in the Central Nervous System by : Marcos R. Costa
Download or read book Progenitor Diversity and Neural Cell Specification in the Central Nervous System written by Marcos R. Costa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central nervous system continuously perceives, integrates, processes and generates information. These complex functions rely on the detailed elaboration of its cellular network and on the myriads of individual, highly differentiated and specialized cell types, classically subdivided into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The specification of these individual populations begins early during development with less differentiated, yet already partly restricted, progenitor cells. Anatomically located in dedicated germinative niches, neural progenitors perceive the influence of diffusible molecules of various natures and concentrations. These signals result in the initial specialization of cohorts of progenitors that express unique combinations of transcription factors. It is now clearly established that both extrinsic and intrinsic signals act in concert to determine the fate potentials of these progenitor cohorts. This limitation increases over time, adult neural progenitors being more restricted than their developmental counterparts. Nevertheless, recent data have shown that the fate restriction of neural progenitors, as well as that of their progenies, can be overwritten upon selected intrinsic factor expression, not only during development but also in adulthood. This e-book is a collection of original research studies along with review articles that, together, provide insights into the vast spatiotemporal diversity of neural progenitors, and the various factors that govern their fate potential.
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells written by Tanja Zigova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, neural stem cell research has provided penetrating insights into the plasticity and regenerative potential of the brain. Stem cells have been isolated from embryonic as well as adult central nervous system (CNS). Many non-CNS mammalian tissues also contain stem cells with a more limited repertoire: the replacement of tissue-specific cells throughout the li- time of the organism. Progress has been made in understanding fundamental stem cell properties that depend on the interplay of extrinsic signaling factors with intrinsic genetic programs within critical time frames. With this growing knowledge, scientists have been able to change a neural stem cell’s fate. - der certain conditions, neural stem cells have been induced to differentiate into cells outside the expected neural lineage and conversely, stem cells from nonneural tissue have been shown to transdifferentiate into cells with distinct neural phenotypes. At the moment, there is an accelerated effort to identify a readily ava- able, socially acceptable stem cell that can be induced to proliferate in an und- ferentiated state and that can be manipulated at will to generate diverse cells types. We are on the threshold of a great new therapeutic era of cellular therapy that has as great, if not greater, potential as the current pharmacologic era, g- rified by antibiotics, anesthetics, pain killers, immunosuppressants, and psyc- tropics.
Book Synopsis Stem Cell Biology in Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System by : Moneeb Ehtesham
Download or read book Stem Cell Biology in Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System written by Moneeb Ehtesham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the most current reviews on how cancer stem cells (CSCs) hypothesis dictates that the continued proliferation of a tumor is dependent on a sub-population of self-renewing and asymmetrically dividing neoplastic stem cells that supply a largely differentiated tumor. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of CSCs, their role in central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and the recent CSC-specific treatment modalities being used. The emerging focus on CSCs in brain tumors represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. Importantly, the realization that a distinct sub-population of cells contributes disproportionately to the growth and sustenance of central nervous system tumors has important implications for the treatment of such tumors. To treat CNS tumors, there is now a growing need to treat CSCs to achieve adequate tumor control.
Book Synopsis Neural Development and Stem Cells by : Mahendra S. Rao
Download or read book Neural Development and Stem Cells written by Mahendra S. Rao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This expanded and updated edition reflects the enormous increase in our knowledge of the development of the nervous system and the use of neural stem cells in clinical applications. Integrating new information about the use of development of neural stem cells for clinical applications, Drs. Rao, Carpenter and Vemuri have added additional chapters on neural transplantation and development of neural stem cells using reprogramming technologies. A new chapter on cancer in nervous system delineates how the fundamental biology of neural stem cells informs our understanding of cancer and tumor formation in the nervous system. Special attention is paid to the derivation of neural cells from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Authoritative and up-to-date, Neural Development and Stem Cells, 3rd Edition provides neuroscientists with a handy guide to stem cells in the nervous system, tracing with great clarity the development of stem cells from differentiation to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
