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Statistical Challenges In Assessing And Fostering The Reproducibility Of Scientific Results
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Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309392055 Total Pages :133 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Statistical Challenges in Assessing and Fostering the Reproducibility of Scientific Results by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Statistical Challenges in Assessing and Fostering the Reproducibility of Scientific Results written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions about the reproducibility of scientific research have been raised in numerous settings and have gained visibility through several high-profile journal and popular press articles. Quantitative issues contributing to reproducibility challenges have been considered (including improper data measurement and analysis, inadequate statistical expertise, and incomplete data, among others), but there is no clear consensus on how best to approach or to minimize these problems. A lack of reproducibility of scientific results has created some distrust in scientific findings among the general public, scientists, funding agencies, and industries. While studies fail for a variety of reasons, many factors contribute to the lack of perfect reproducibility, including insufficient training in experimental design, misaligned incentives for publication and the implications for university tenure, intentional manipulation, poor data management and analysis, and inadequate instances of statistical inference. The workshop summarized in this report was designed not to address the social and experimental challenges but instead to focus on the latter issues of improper data management and analysis, inadequate statistical expertise, incomplete data, and difficulties applying sound statistic inference to the available data. Many efforts have emerged over recent years to draw attention to and improve reproducibility of scientific work. This report uniquely focuses on the statistical perspective of three issues: the extent of reproducibility, the causes of reproducibility failures, and the potential remedies for these failures.
Book Synopsis Statistics for Health Data Science by : Ruth Etzioni
Download or read book Statistics for Health Data Science written by Ruth Etzioni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students and researchers in the health sciences are faced with greater opportunity and challenge than ever before. The opportunity stems from the explosion in publicly available data that simultaneously informs and inspires new avenues of investigation. The challenge is that the analytic tools required go far beyond the standard methods and models of basic statistics. This textbook aims to equip health care researchers with the most important elements of a modern health analytics toolkit, drawing from the fields of statistics, health econometrics, and data science. This textbook is designed to overcome students’ anxiety about data and statistics and to help them to become confident users of appropriate analytic methods for health care research studies. Methods are presented organically, with new material building naturally on what has come before. Each technique is motivated by a topical research question, explained in non-technical terms, and accompanied by engaging explanations and examples. In this way, the authors cultivate a deep (“organic”) understanding of a range of analytic techniques, their assumptions and data requirements, and their advantages and limitations. They illustrate all lessons via analyses of real data from a variety of publicly available databases, addressing relevant research questions and comparing findings to those of published studies. Ultimately, this textbook is designed to cultivate health services researchers that are thoughtful and well informed about health data science, rather than data analysts. This textbook differs from the competition in its unique blend of methods and its determination to ensure that readers gain an understanding of how, when, and why to apply them. It provides the public health researcher with a way to think analytically about scientific questions, and it offers well-founded guidance for pairing data with methods for valid analysis. Readers should feel emboldened to tackle analysis of real public datasets using traditional statistical models, health econometrics methods, and even predictive algorithms. Accompanying code and data sets are provided in an author site: https://roman-gulati.github.io/statistics-for-health-data-science/
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309486165 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309450780 Total Pages :165 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel & Readiness), referred to throughout this report as P&R, is responsible for the total force management of all Department of Defense (DoD) components including the recruitment, readiness, and retention of personnel. Its work and policies are supported by a number of organizations both within DoD, including the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC), and externally, including the federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) that work for DoD. P&R must be able to answer questions for the Secretary of Defense such as how to recruit people with an aptitude for and interest in various specialties and along particular career tracks and how to assess on an ongoing basis service members' career satisfaction and their ability to meet new challenges. P&R must also address larger-scale questions, such as how the current realignment of forces to the Asia-Pacific area and other regions will affect recruitment, readiness, and retention. While DoD makes use of large-scale data and mathematical analysis in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and elsewhereâ€"exploiting techniques such as complex network analysis, machine learning, streaming social media analysis, and anomaly detectionâ€"these skills and capabilities have not been applied as well to the personnel and readiness enterprise. Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions offers and roadmap and implementation plan for the integration of data analysis in support of decisions within the purview of P&R.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030948765X Total Pages :401 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary function of the intelligence analyst is to make sense of information about the world, but the way analysts do that work will look profoundly different a decade from now. Technological changes will bring both new advances in conducting analysis and new risks related to technologically based activities and communications around the world. Because these changes are virtually inevitable, the Intelligence Community will need to make sustained collaboration with researchers in the social and behavioral sciences (SBS) a key priority if it is to adapt to these changes in the most productive ways. A Decadal Survey Of The Social and Behavioral Sciences provides guidance for a 10-year research agenda. This report identifies key opportunities in SBS research for strengthening intelligence analysis and offers ideas for integrating the knowledge and perspectives of researchers from these fields into the planning and design of efforts to support intelligence analysis.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309465370 Total Pages :195 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Federal Statistics, Multiple Data Sources, and Privacy Protection by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Federal Statistics, Multiple Data Sources, and Privacy Protection written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-27 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environment for obtaining information and providing statistical data for policy makers and the public has changed significantly in the past decade, raising questions about the fundamental survey paradigm that underlies federal statistics. New data sources provide opportunities to develop a new paradigm that can improve timeliness, geographic or subpopulation detail, and statistical efficiency. It also has the potential to reduce the costs of producing federal statistics. The panel's first report described federal statistical agencies' current paradigm, which relies heavily on sample surveys for producing national statistics, and challenges agencies are facing; the legal frameworks and mechanisms for protecting the privacy and confidentiality of statistical data and for providing researchers access to data, and challenges to those frameworks and mechanisms; and statistical agencies access to alternative sources of data. The panel recommended a new approach for federal statistical programs that would combine diverse data sources from government and private sector sources and the creation of a new entity that would provide the foundational elements needed for this new approach, including legal authority to access data and protect privacy. This second of the panel's two reports builds on the analysis, conclusions, and recommendations in the first one. This report assesses alternative methods for implementing a new approach that would combine diverse data sources from government and private sector sources, including describing statistical models for combining data from multiple sources; examining statistical and computer science approaches that foster privacy protections; evaluating frameworks for assessing the quality and utility of alternative data sources; and various models for implementing the recommended new entity. Together, the two reports offer ideas and recommendations to help federal statistical agencies examine and evaluate data from alternative sources and then combine them as appropriate to provide the country with more timely, actionable, and useful information for policy makers, businesses, and individuals.
Book Synopsis The Psychology Research Handbook by : Frederick T. L. Leong
Download or read book The Psychology Research Handbook written by Frederick T. L. Leong and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2023-11-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Third Edition of The Psychology Research Handbook editors Frederick T. L. Leong and James T. Austin have assembled experienced expert researchers to provide graduate students and research assistants with a comprehensive framework for conducting many types of psychology research. The book is organized around the idea of a "research script," following the step-by-step process of research planning, design, data collection, analysis, and disseminating research. Many chapters are coauthored by advanced graduate students to give their fellow students a sense of real-world research, adding to the clarity and practicality of many chapters. Students and instructors alike will appreciate chapters on topics typically missing from introductory methods texts, including applying for research grants, dealing with journal editors and reviewers, working within research teams, and conducting cross-cultural research. Structures such as recommended readings and exercises guide students to develop and expand their research skills. New chapters include Power and Evidence, IRB as Critical Collaborators in Research, Alternative Data Collection Strategies, Structural Equation Modeling and Replicability and Reproducibility. A comprehensive, easy-to-understand guide to the entire research process, this book quickly and efficiently equips advanced students and research assistants to conduct a full research project.
Book Synopsis Advanced Research Methods for the Social and Behavioral Sciences by : John E. Edlund
Download or read book Advanced Research Methods for the Social and Behavioral Sciences written by John E. Edlund and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an interdisciplinary team of global experts, this book is an invaluable tool for anyone learning about research methods.
Book Synopsis Science and Christian Ethics by : Paul Scherz
Download or read book Science and Christian Ethics written by Paul Scherz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing crisis in scientific research characterized by failures to reproduce experimental results, fraud, lack of innovation, and burn-out. In Science and Christian Ethics, Paul Scherz traces these problems to the drive by governments and business to make scientists into competitive entrepreneurs who use their research results to stimulate economic growth. The result is a competitive environment aimed at commodifying the world. In order to confront this problem of character, Scherz examines the alternative Aristotelian and Stoic models of reforming character, found in the works of Alasdair MacIntyre and Michel Foucault. Against many prominent virtue ethicists, he argues that what individual scientists need is a regime of spiritual exercises, such as those found in Stoicism as it was adopted by Christianity, in order to refocus on the good of truth in the face of institutional pressure. His book illuminates pressing issues in research ethics, moral education, and anthropology.
Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Rigour in Computational Neuroscience by : Sharon Crook
Download or read book Reproducibility and Rigour in Computational Neuroscience written by Sharon Crook and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-09 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Innovative Research in Life Sciences by : E. Andrew Balas
Download or read book Innovative Research in Life Sciences written by E. Andrew Balas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book as it has taken me on a journey through time, across the globe and through multiple disciplines. Indeed, we need to be thinking about these concepts and applying them every day to do our jobs better.” Farah Magrabi, Macquarie University, Australia “The reader will find intriguing not only the title but also the content of the book. I’m also pleased that public health, and even more specifically epidemiology has an important place in this ambitious discussion.” Elena Andresen, Oregon Health & Science University, USA “This book is very well written and addresses an important topic. It presents many reasons why basic scientists/researchers should establish collaborations and access information outside traditional means and not limit thinking but rather expand such and perhaps develop more innovative and translational research ventures that will advance science and not move it laterally.” Gerald Pepe, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA “This book gathers logically and presents interestingly (with many examples) the qualities and attitudes a researcher must possess in order to become successful. On the long run, the deep and carefully reexamined research will be the one that lasts.” Zoltán Néda, Babeş-Bolyai University, Romania “I really liked the five pillars delineating the components of humanism in research. This book has made a major contribution to the research ethics literature.” David Fleming, University of Missouri, USA A comprehensive review of the research phase of life sciences from design to discovery with suggestions to improve innovation This vital resource explores the creative processes leading to biomedical innovation, identifies the obstacles and best practices of innovative laboratories, and supports the production of effective science. Innovative Research in Life Sciences draws on lessons from 400 award-winning scientists and research from leading universities. The book explores the innovative process in life sciences and puts the focus on how great ideas are born and become landmark scientific discoveries. The text provides a unique resource for developing professional competencies and applied skills of life sciences researchers. The book examines what happens before the scientific paper is submitted for publication or the innovation becomes legally protected. This phase is the most neglected but most exciting in the process of scientific creativity and innovation. The author identifies twelve competencies of innovative biomedical researchers that described and analyzed. This important resource: Highlights the research phase from design to discovery that precedes innovation disclosure Offers a step by step explanation of how to improve innovation Offers solutions for improving research and innovation productivity in the life sciences Contains a variety of statistical databases and a vast number of stories about individual discoveries Includes a process of published studies and national statistics of biomedical research and reviews the performance of research labs and academic institutions Written for academics and researchers in biomedicine, pharmaceutical science, life sciences, drug discovery, pharmacology, Innovative Research in Life Sciences offers a guide to the creative processes leading to biomedical innovation and identifies the best practices of innovative scientists and laboratories.
Book Synopsis The Evaluation and Measurement of Library Services by : Joseph R. Matthews
Download or read book The Evaluation and Measurement of Library Services written by Joseph R. Matthews and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides library directors, managers, and administrators in all types of libraries with complete and up-to-date instructions on how to evaluate library services in order to improve them. It's a fact: today's libraries must evaluate their services in order to find ways to better serve patrons and prove their value to their communities. In this greatly updated and expanded edition of Matthews' seminal text, you'll discover a breadth of tools that can be used to evaluate any library service, including newer tools designed to measure customer and patron outcomes. The book offers practical advice backed by solid research on virtually every aspect of evaluation, including quantitative and qualitative tools, data analysis, and specific recommendations for measuring individual services, such as technical services and reference and interlibrary loan. New chapters give readers effective ways to evaluate critical aspects of their libraries such as automated systems, physical space, staff, performance management frameworks, eBooks, social media, and information literacy. The author explains how broader and more robust adoption of evaluation techniques will help library managers combine traditional internal measurements, such as circulation and reference transactions, with more customer-centric metrics that reflect how well patrons feel they are served and how satisfied they are with the library. By applying this comprehensive strategy, readers will gain the ability to form a truer picture of their library's value to its stakeholders and patrons.
Download or read book Rigor Mortis written by Richard Harris and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2017-04-04 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential book to understanding whether the new miracle cure is good science or simply too good to be true American taxpayers spend $30 billion annually funding biomedical research, but over half of these studies can't be replicated due to poor experimental design, improper methods, and sloppy statistics. Bad science doesn't just hold back medical progress, it can sign the equivalent of a death sentence for terminal patients. In Rigor Mortis, Richard Harris explores these urgent issues with vivid anecdotes, personal stories, and interviews with the top biomedical researchers. We need to fix our dysfunctional biomedical system -- before it's too late.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309391253 Total Pages :327 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Fostering Integrity in Research by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Fostering Integrity in Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support â€" or distort â€" practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.
Book Synopsis More Harm than Good? by : Edzard Ernst
Download or read book More Harm than Good? written by Edzard Ernst and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reveals the numerous ways in which moral, ethical and legal principles are being violated by those who provide, recommend or sell ‘complementary and alternative medicine’ (CAM). The book analyses both academic literature and internet sources that promote CAM. Additionally the book presents a number of brief scenarios, both hypothetical and real-life, about individuals who use CAM or who fall prey to ethically dubious CAM practitioners. The events and conundrums described in these scenarios could happen to almost anyone. Professor emeritus of complementary medicine Edzard Ernst together with bioethicist Kevin Smith provide a thorough and authoritative ethical analysis of a range of CAM modalities, including acupuncture, chiropractic, herbalism, and homeopathy. This book could and should interest all medical professionals who have contact to complementary medicine and will be an invaluable reference for patients deliberating which course of treatment to adopt.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030948510X Total Pages :93 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Harnessing Mobile Devices for Nervous System Disorders by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Harnessing Mobile Devices for Nervous System Disorders written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-28 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The critical importance of using mobile technology is clear to anyone in the health professions, particularly those who treat people with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. To explore current developments and opportunities for using mobile technology to advance research and treatment of CNS disorders, the National Academies' Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop in June 5â€"6, 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions at the workshop.
Book Synopsis The Power of Visuals: Innovations in Communication Design by : Prof. Hannakumari Chauhan
Download or read book The Power of Visuals: Innovations in Communication Design written by Prof. Hannakumari Chauhan and published by Inkbound Publishers. This book was released on 2023-06-15 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncover the power of visuals in communication design, exploring innovative approaches and tools that enhance visual storytelling. This book is essential for designers seeking to create compelling and effective visual content.
