Speech Technology

Download Speech Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387738193
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Speech Technology by : Fang Chen

Download or read book Speech Technology written by Fang Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an overview of the research and application of speech technologies in different areas. One of the special characteristics of the book is that the authors take a broad view of the multiple research areas and take the multidisciplinary approach to the topics. One of the goals in this book is to emphasize the application. User experience, human factors and usability issues are the focus in this book.

Speech Science and Technology

Download Speech Science and Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9784274075810
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (758 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Speech Science and Technology by : Shuzo Saito

Download or read book Speech Science and Technology written by Shuzo Saito and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Preclinical Speech Science

Download Preclinical Speech Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Plural Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1635500621
Total Pages : 759 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (355 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Preclinical Speech Science by : Thomas J. Hixon

Download or read book Preclinical Speech Science written by Thomas J. Hixon and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception, Third Edition is a high-quality text for undergraduate and graduate courses in speech and hearing science. Written in a user-friendly style by distinguished scientists/clinicians who have taught the course to thousands of students at premier academic programs, it is the text of choice for instructors and students. Additionally, it is applicable to a broad range of courses that cover the anatomy and physiology of speech production, speech acoustics, and swallowing as well as those that cover the hearing mechanism, psychoacoustics, and speech perception. The material in this book is designed to help future speech-language pathologists and audiologists to understand the science that underpins their work and provide a framework for the evaluation and management of their future clients. It provides all the information students need to be fully ready for their clinical practicum training. KEY FEATURES: Describes scientific principles explicitly and in translational terms that emphasize their relevance to clinical practice.Features beautiful original, full-color illustrations designed to be instructive learning tools.Incorporates analogies that aid thinking about processes from different perspectives.Features "sidetracks" that contain clinical insights and relate interesting historical and contemporary facts to the discipline of speech and hearing science.Provides a framework for conceptualizing the uses, subsystems, and levels of observation of speech production, hearing, and swallowing.Includes material that is ideal for preparing both undergraduates and graduates for clinical study. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION: Three new, up-to-date, and comprehensive chapters on auditory anatomy and physiology, auditory psychophysics, and speech physiology measurement and analysis.All chapters fully revised, including updated references and new full-color, detailed images.*Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book.

Speech Science Primer

Download Speech Science Primer PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Speech Science Primer by : Gloria J. Borden

Download or read book Speech Science Primer written by Gloria J. Borden and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Speech and Voice Science, Fourth Edition

Download Speech and Voice Science, Fourth Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Plural Publishing
ISBN 13 : 163550323X
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (355 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Speech and Voice Science, Fourth Edition by : Alison Behrman

Download or read book Speech and Voice Science, Fourth Edition written by Alison Behrman and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-25 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech and Voice Science, Fourth Edition is the only textbook to provide comprehensive and detailed information on both voice source and vocal tract contributions to speech production. In addition, it is the only textbook to address dialectical and nonnative language differences in vowel and consonant production, bias in perception of speaker identity, and prosody (suprasegmental features) in detail. With the new edition, clinical application is integrated throughout the text. Due to its highly readable writing style being user-friendly for all levels of students, instructors report using this book for a wide variety of courses, including undergraduate and graduate courses in acoustic phonetics, speech science, instrumentation, and voice disorders. Heavily revised and updated, this fourth edition offers multiple new resources for instructors and students to enhance classroom learning and active student participation. At the same time, this text provides flexibility to allow instructors to construct a classroom learning experience that best suits their course objectives. Speech and Voice Science now has an accompanying workbook for students by Alison Behrman and Donald Finan! New to the Fourth Edition: * Sixteen new illustrations and nineteen revised illustrations, many now in color * New coverage of topics related to diversity, including: * Dialectical and nonnative language differences in vowel and consonant production and what makes all of us have an “accent” (Chapter 7—Vowels and Chapter 8—Consonants) * How suprasegmental features are shaped by dialect and accent (Chapter 9—Prosody) * Perception of speaker identity, including race/ethnicity, gender, and accent (Chapter 11– Speech Perception) * Increased focus on clinical application throughout each chapter, including three new sections * Updated Chapter 4 (Breathing) includes enhanced discussion of speech breathing and new accompanying illustrations. * Updated Chapter 10 (Theories of Speech Production) now includes the DIVA Model, motor learning theory, and clinical applications * Updated Chapter 11 (Speech Perception) now includes revised Motor Learning theory, Mirror Neurons, and clinical applications *Expanded guide for students on best practices for studying in Chapter 1(Introduction) Key Features: * A two-color interior to provide increased readability * Heavily illustrated, including color figures, to enhance information provided in the text * Forty-nine spectrogram figures provide increased clarity of key acoustic features of vowels and consonants * Fourteen clinical cases throughout the book to help students apply speech science principles to clinical practice Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book.

Scientific Thinking in Speech and Language Therapy

Download Scientific Thinking in Speech and Language Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135641560
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scientific Thinking in Speech and Language Therapy by : Carmel Lum

Download or read book Scientific Thinking in Speech and Language Therapy written by Carmel Lum and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-04-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech and language pathologists, like all professionals who claim to be scientific in their practice, make a public commitment to operate on the basis of knowledge derived in accordance with sound scientific standards. Yet students in communication disorders are given relatively little grounding in the fundamentals of science; indeed, they often receive implicit encouragement to rely on clinical wisdom. This pathbreaking text introduces the principles of critical scientific thinking as they relate to assessing communication problems, deciding about alternative approaches to intervention, and evaluating outcomes. The author provides many illustrative examples to help readers contextualize the ideas. Her clear presentation will help not only undergraduate and graduate students but also established professionals reason more effectively about what they are doing and why. Though the examples come from speech and language pathology, this illuminating and readable book constitutes a valuable resource for all clinical practitioners.

Essential Speech and Language Technology for Dutch

Download Essential Speech and Language Technology for Dutch PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642309100
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Essential Speech and Language Technology for Dutch by : Peter Spyns

Download or read book Essential Speech and Language Technology for Dutch written by Peter Spyns and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview of more than a decade of joint R&D efforts in the Low Countries on HLT for Dutch. It not only presents the state of the art of HLT for Dutch in the areas covered, but, even more importantly, a description of the resources (data and tools) for Dutch that have been created are now available for both academia and industry worldwide. The contributions cover many areas of human language technology (for Dutch): corpus collection (including IPR issues) and building (in particular one corpus aiming at a collection of 500M word tokens), lexicology, anaphora resolution, a semantic network, parsing technology, speech recognition, machine translation, text (summaries) generation, web mining, information extraction, and text to speech to name the most important ones. The book also shows how a medium-sized language community (spanning two territories) can create a digital language infrastructure (resources, tools, etc.) as a basis for subsequent R&D. At the same time, it bundles contributions of almost all the HLT research groups in Flanders and the Netherlands, hence offers a view of their recent research activities. Targeted readers are mainly researchers in human language technology, in particular those focusing on Dutch. It concerns researchers active in larger networks such as the CLARIN, META-NET, FLaReNet and participating in conferences such as ACL, EACL, NAACL, COLING, RANLP, CICling, LREC, CLIN and DIR ( both in the Low Countries), InterSpeech, ASRU, ICASSP, ISCA, EUSIPCO, CLEF, TREC, etc. In addition, some chapters are interesting for human language technology policy makers and even for science policy makers in general.

The Voice in the Machine

Download The Voice in the Machine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262016850
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Voice in the Machine by : Roberto Pieraccini

Download or read book The Voice in the Machine written by Roberto Pieraccini and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of more than sixty years of successes and failures in developing technologies that allow computers to understand human spoken language. Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey famously featured HAL, a computer with the ability to hold lengthy conversations with his fellow space travelers. More than forty years later, we have advanced computer technology that Kubrick never imagined, but we do not have computers that talk and understand speech as HAL did. Is it a failure of our technology that we have not gotten much further than an automated voice that tells us to "say or press 1"? Or is there something fundamental in human language and speech that we do not yet understand deeply enough to be able to replicate in a computer? In The Voice in the Machine, Roberto Pieraccini examines six decades of work in science and technology to develop computers that can interact with humans using speech and the industry that has arisen around the quest for these technologies. He shows that although the computers today that understand speech may not have HAL's capacity for conversation, they have capabilities that make them usable in many applications today and are on a fast track of improvement and innovation. Pieraccini describes the evolution of speech recognition and speech understanding processes from waveform methods to artificial intelligence approaches to statistical learning and modeling of human speech based on a rigorous mathematical model--specifically, Hidden Markov Models (HMM). He details the development of dialog systems, the ability to produce speech, and the process of bringing talking machines to the market. Finally, he asks a question that only the future can answer: will we end up with HAL-like computers or something completely unexpected?

Mathematical Models for Speech Technology

Download Mathematical Models for Speech Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470844076
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mathematical Models for Speech Technology by : Stephen Levinson

Download or read book Mathematical Models for Speech Technology written by Stephen Levinson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-03-04 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Models of Spoken Language presents the motivations for, intuitions behind, and basic mathematical models of natural spoken language communication. A comprehensive overview is given of all aspects of the problem from the physics of speech production through the hierarchy of linguistic structure and ending with some observations on language and mind. The author comprehensively explores the argument that these modern technologies are actually the most extensive compilations of linguistic knowledge available.Throughout the book, the emphasis is on placing all the material in a mathematically coherent and computationally tractable framework that captures linguistic structure. It presents material that appears nowhere else and gives a unification of formalisms and perspectives used by linguists and engineers. Its unique features include a coherent nomenclature that emphasizes the deep connections amongst the diverse mathematical models and explores the methods by means of which they capture linguistic structure. This contrasts with some of the superficial similarities described in the existing literature; the historical background and origins of the theories and models; the connections to related disciplines, e.g. artificial intelligence, automata theory and information theory; an elucidation of the current debates and their intellectual origins; many important little-known results and some original proofs of fundamental results, e.g. a geometric interpretation of parameter estimation techniques for stochastic models and finally the author's own unique perspectives on the future of this discipline. There is a vast literature on Speech Recognition and Synthesis however, this book is unlike any other in the field. Although it appears to be a rapidly advancing field, the fundamentals have not changed in decades. Most of the results are presented in journals from which it is difficult to integrate and evaluate all of these recent ideas. Some of the fundamentals have been collected into textbooks, which give detailed descriptions of the techniques but no motivation or perspective. The linguistic texts are mostly descriptive and pictorial, lacking the mathematical and computational aspects. This book strikes a useful balance by covering a wide range of ideas in a common framework. It provides all the basic algorithms and computational techniques and an analysis and perspective, which allows one to intelligently read the latest literature and understand state-of-the-art techniques as they evolve.

Speech Science

Download Speech Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780134481456
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (814 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Speech Science by : Carole T. Ferrand

Download or read book Speech Science written by Carole T. Ferrand and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For courses in speech and hearing science and anatomy and physiology in the discipline of communication sciences and disorders. Note: This is the bound book only and does not include access to the Enhanced Pearson eText. To order the Enhanced Pearson eText packaged with a bound book, use ISBN 0134675444. Theory and clinical application combine to present a well-rounded, accessible, relevant look at the evaluation and treatment of communication disorders. The Fourth Edition of this widely popular book focuses on the relationship between the scientific study of speech production and perception and the application of the material to the effective evaluation and treatment of communication disorders. Theoretical material is presented first, followed by clinical application chapters highlighting specific disorders. The organization of chapters in the new edition now more closely follows the speech subsystems approach, beginning with basic acoustics, and moving on to the respiratory system, phonatory system, articulatory/resonatory system, auditory system, and nervous system. As in previous editions, the book concludes with information on classic and current models and theories of speech production and perception. New and revised full color illustrations and larger spectrograms supplement the concepts presented by clearly depicting scientific and anatomical material and ensuring understanding of the links between the underlying science and human communicative behavior. Invigorate learning with the Enhanced Pearson eText The Enhanced Pearson eText provides a rich, interactive learning environment designed to improve student mastery of content with embedded self-check quizzes at the end of each chapter. The Enhanced Pearson eText is also available without a print version of the textbook. Instructors, visit pearsonhighered.com/etextbooks/ted to register for your digital examination copy. Students, register for or purchase your eText at pearsonhighered.com/etextbooks/ted.

Computer Synthesized Speech Technologies: Tools for Aiding Impairment

Download Computer Synthesized Speech Technologies: Tools for Aiding Impairment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1615207260
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (152 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computer Synthesized Speech Technologies: Tools for Aiding Impairment by : Mullennix, John

Download or read book Computer Synthesized Speech Technologies: Tools for Aiding Impairment written by Mullennix, John and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2010-01-31 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides practitioners and researchers with information that will allow them to better assist the speech disabled who wish to utilize computer synthesized speech (CSS) technology"--Provided by publisher.

Speech Science

Download Speech Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Allyn & Bacon
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Speech Science by : Carole T. Ferrand

Download or read book Speech Science written by Carole T. Ferrand and published by Allyn & Bacon. This book was released on 2001 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech Science provides an integration of scientific material on the acoustics and physiology of speech production and perception with state-of-the art instrumental techniques used in clinical practice. This book enables the user to easily make the connections between scientific theory and clinical management of communication disorders. This explicit linkage means that students find the theoretical information meaningful, less intimidating, and more easily accessible. Each chapter demonstrates this connection by first presenting the theoretical information and then applying the principles to assessment and management issues. This comprehensive text, which incorporates principles of speech sound production and perception, relevant anatomy and physiology, and current technology, is both student- and instructor- friendly. The material is broken into small units that are easy for students to grasp, with subsequent integration of units into larger domains. The Instructor's Manual provides made-to-order exercises that can be used in a laboratory or classroom setting, essay and multiple-choice examination questions, outlines for lectures that can be made into overheads, additional readings, and individual and group projects.

Proceedings of the Sixth Australian Conference on Speech Science and Technology

Download Proceedings of the Sixth Australian Conference on Speech Science and Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780958857970
Total Pages : 651 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (579 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Sixth Australian Conference on Speech Science and Technology by : Paul McCormack

Download or read book Proceedings of the Sixth Australian Conference on Speech Science and Technology written by Paul McCormack and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Speech Production and Speech Modelling

Download Speech Production and Speech Modelling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400920377
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Speech Production and Speech Modelling by : W.J. Hardcastle

Download or read book Speech Production and Speech Modelling written by W.J. Hardcastle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech sound production is one of the most complex human activities: it is also one of the least well understood. This is perhaps not altogether surprising as many of the complex neurological and physiological processes involved in the generation and execution of a speech utterance remain relatively inaccessible to direct investigation, and must be inferred from careful scrutiny of the output of the system -from details of the movements of the speech organs themselves and the acoustic consequences of such movements. Such investigation of the speech output have received considerable impetus during the last decade from major technological advancements in computer science and biological transducing, making it possible now to obtain large quantities of quantative data on many aspects of speech articulation and acoustics relatively easily. Keeping pace with these advancements in laboratory techniques have been developments in theoretical modelling of the speech production process. There are now a wide variety of different models available, reflecting the different disciplines involved -linguistics, speech science and technology, engineering and acoustics. The time seems ripe to attempt a synthesis of these different models and theories and thus provide a common forum for discussion of the complex problem of speech production. Such an activity would seem particularly timely also for those colleagues in speech technology seeking better, more accurate phonetic models as components in their speech synthesis and automatic speech recognition systems.

Proceedings of the Fifth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology

Download Proceedings of the Fifth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (832 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Fifth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology by : International Conference in Speech Science and Technology

Download or read book Proceedings of the Fifth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology written by International Conference in Speech Science and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Speech and Voice Science Workbook, Fourth Edition

Download Speech and Voice Science Workbook, Fourth Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Plural Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1635501970
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (355 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Speech and Voice Science Workbook, Fourth Edition by : Alison Behrman

Download or read book Speech and Voice Science Workbook, Fourth Edition written by Alison Behrman and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech and Voice Science Workbook, Fourth Edition is an excellent companion to the textbook Speech and Voice Science, Fourth Edition. Divided into chapters that correspond with Speech and Voice Science, this workbook is designed to provide a valuable tool for students to expand their understanding of this challenging course subject. The workbook is intended to be used for student review, self-study and exam preparation, to highlight areas of confusion, to learn new concepts, to connect ideas, and to spark new questions and thoughtful discussions. There are four different types of sections that appear throughout the workbook: Foundational Knowledge questions, Conceptual Integration questions, and Clinical Application questions, and TRY IT! Activities. Each section is tailored to hone different skill sets and enhance comprehension of the topics as follows: Foundational Knowledge questions assess students’ basic knowledge gained from the textbook and highlight areas they need to review Conceptual Integration questions prompt students to delve deeper into the material and interrelate diverse information for understanding Clinical Application questions explore the usefulness of the material provided in the textbook to answer the common student query “How does speech and voice science relate to the field of communication sciences and disorders?” TRY IT! activities are designed to promote experiential learning and allow students to explore concepts and acquire new insights Key Features: * Over 1,000 questions are included on a wide variety of topics * Informative answers are provided to over 45 questions on the 14 Clinical Cases presented in the textbook * Numerous original figures and spectrograms are used to illustrate questions, reinforce key concepts, and assess students’ understanding * A variety of question formats, including multiple choice, true/false, fill-in, matching, figure identification, drawing, and short answer * A focus on integrating knowledge for deeper understanding

Applying Phonetics

Download Applying Phonetics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119164559
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applying Phonetics by : Murray J. Munro

Download or read book Applying Phonetics written by Murray J. Munro and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-24 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and accessible introduction to the field of phonetics through real-life applications and practical examples The dynamic field of phonetics, the science of the structure and function of human speech, has seen exciting technological innovations and new applications in recent years. Applying Phonetics introduces students to the field through a unique exploratory approach that highlights practical applications and focuses on the diverse ways in which the speech sciences influence daily life. Requiring no prior knowledge of linguistics, this accessible, student-friendly textbook introduces the key concepts in phonetics and explains their relevance to contemporary applications. Even students who have completed introductory linguistics courses will discover plenty of new material in this volume. Rather than immediately delving into complex theoretical information, the text presents a brief overview of basic concepts and then uses applications—speech synthesis, forensic speech science, language teaching—to explain the details. This unique approach increases student interest and comprehension, clearly demonstrating how speech science is beneficial to society. Engaging, easily-relatable topics include speech anatomy and physiology, the nature of normal and disordered speech development, the origins of speech, and speech applications in forensics, music, drama, film, and business. Written by a respected expert with over 25 years’ experience teaching linguistics and phonetics, this textbook Explores the wide-ranging applications of phonetics areas such as accessibility, computer speech, education, the fine arts, and business Demonstrates how practical problems have been addressed through phonetics, such as the use of speech analysis for forensic purposes Presents real-life case studies that illustrate fundamental phonetics concepts Includes exercises and activities, discussion questions, an extensive glossary, further readings, and a companion website Applying Phonetics: Speech Science in Everyday Life is an ideal text for undergraduate students with no prior knowledge of linguistics, as well as those needing to expand their knowledge of phonetic principles. It will appeal to students in education, computer science, cognitive science, biology, psychology, business, and music.