Species Concepts In Biology

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Species Concepts in Biology

Author : Frank E. Zachos
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319449664
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Species Concepts in Biology by : Frank E. Zachos

Download or read book Species Concepts in Biology written by Frank E. Zachos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frank E. Zachos offers a comprehensive review of one of today’s most important and contentious issues in biology: the species problem. After setting the stage with key background information on the topic, the book provides a brief history of species concepts from antiquity to the Modern Synthesis, followed by a discussion of the ontological status of species with a focus on the individuality thesis and potential means of reconciling it with other philosophical approaches. More than 30 different species concepts found in the literature are presented in an annotated list, and the most important ones, including the Biological, Genetic, Evolutionary and different versions of the Phylogenetic Species Concept, are discussed in more detail. Specific questions addressed include the problem of asexual and prokaryotic species, intraspecific categories like subspecies and Evolutionarily Significant Units, and a potential solution to the species problem based on a hierarchical approach that distinguishes between ontological and operational species concepts. A full chapter is dedicated to the challenge of delimiting species by means of a discrete taxonomy in a continuous world of inherently fuzzy boundaries. Further, the book outlines the practical ramifications for ecology and evolutionary biology of how we define the species category, highlighting the danger of an apples and oranges problem if what we subsume under the same name (“species”) is in actuality a variety of different entities. A succinct summary chapter, glossary and annotated list of references round out the coverage, making the book essential reading for all biologists looking for an accessible introduction to the historical, philosophical and practical dimensions of the species problem.

Species

Author : John S. Wilkins
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520271394
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Species by : John S. Wilkins

Download or read book Species written by John S. Wilkins and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive work, John S. Wilkins traces the history of the idea of "species" from antiquity to today, providing a new perspective on the relationship between philosophical and biological approaches.--[book cover].

Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory

Author : Quentin D. Wheeler
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231506627
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory by : Quentin D. Wheeler

Download or read book Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory written by Quentin D. Wheeler and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000-06-22 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No question in theoretical biology has been more perennially controversial or perplexing than "What is a species?" Recent advances in phylogenetic theory have called into question traditional views of species and spawned many concepts that are currently competing for general acceptance. Once the subject of esoteric intellectual exercises, the "species problem" has emerged as a critically important aspect of global environmental concerns. Completion of an inventory of biodiversity, success in conservation, predictive knowledge about life on earth, management of material resources, formulation of scientifically credible public policy and law, and more depend upon our adoption of the "right" species concept. Quentin D. Wheeler and Rudolf Meier present a debate among top systematic biology theorists to consider the strengths and weaknesses of five competing concepts. Debaters include (1) Ernst Mayr (Biological Species Concept), (2) Rudolf Meier and Rainer Willmann (Hennigian species concept), (3) Brent Mishler and Edward Theriot (one version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept), (4) Quentin Wheeler and Norman Platnick (a competing version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept), and (5) E. O. Wiley and Richard Mayden (the Evolutionary Species Concept). Each author or pair of authors contributes three essays to the debate: first, a position paper with an opening argument for their respective concept of species; second, a counterpoint view of the weakness of competing concepts; and, finally, a rebuttal of the attacks made by other authors. This unique and lively debate format makes the comparative advantages and disadvantages of competing species concepts clear and accessible in a single book for the first time, bringing to light numerous controversies in phylogenetic theory, taxonomy, and philosophy of science that are important to a wide audience. Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory will meet a need among scientists, conservationists, policy-makers, and students of biology for an explicit, critical evaluation of a large and complex literature on species. An important reference for professionals, the book will prove especially useful in classrooms and discussion groups where students may find a concise, lucid entrée to one of the most complex questions facing science and society.

The Pangenome

Author : Hervé Tettelin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030382818
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis The Pangenome by : Hervé Tettelin

Download or read book The Pangenome written by Hervé Tettelin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book’s respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics.

Concepts of Biology

Author : Samantha Fowler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789888407453
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts of Biology by : Samantha Fowler

Download or read book Concepts of Biology written by Samantha Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2018-01-07 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concepts of Biology is designed for the single-semester introduction to biology course for non-science majors, which for many students is their only college-level science course. As such, this course represents an important opportunity for students to develop the necessary knowledge, tools, and skills to make informed decisions as they continue with their lives. Rather than being mired down with facts and vocabulary, the typical non-science major student needs information presented in a way that is easy to read and understand. Even more importantly, the content should be meaningful. Students do much better when they understand why biology is relevant to their everyday lives. For these reasons, Concepts of Biology is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand.We also strive to show the interconnectedness of topics within this extremely broad discipline. In order to meet the needs of today's instructors and students, we maintain the overall organization and coverage found in most syllabi for this course. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Concepts of Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand--and apply--key concepts.

Code International de Nomenclature Zoologique

Author : International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780853010036
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Code International de Nomenclature Zoologique by : International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

Download or read book Code International de Nomenclature Zoologique written by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Concepts of Species

Author : C. N. Slobodchikoff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts of Species by : C. N. Slobodchikoff

Download or read book Concepts of Species written by C. N. Slobodchikoff and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Species Problem

Author : Richard A. Richards
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139488295
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Species Problem by : Richard A. Richards

Download or read book The Species Problem written by Richard A. Richards and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is long-standing disagreement among systematists about how to divide biodiversity into species. Over twenty different species concepts are used to group organisms, according to criteria as diverse as morphological or molecular similarity, interbreeding and genealogical relationships. This, combined with the implications of evolutionary biology, raises the worry that either there is no single kind of species, or that species are not real. This book surveys the history of thinking about species from Aristotle to modern systematics in order to understand the origin of the problem, and advocates a solution based on the idea of the division of conceptual labor, whereby species concepts function in different ways - theoretically and operationally. It also considers related topics such as individuality and the metaphysics of evolution, and how scientific terms get their meaning. This important addition to the current debate will be essential for philosophers and historians of science, and for biologists.

Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution

Author : William H. Kimbel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489937455
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution by : William H. Kimbel

Download or read book Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution written by William H. Kimbel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A world of categones devmd of spirit waits for life to return. Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift The stock-in-trade of communicating hypotheses about the historical path of evolution is a graphical representation called a phylogenetic tree. In most such graphics, pairs of branches diverge from other branches, successively marching across abstract time toward the present. To each branch is tied a tag with a name, a binominal symbol that functions as does the name given to an individual human being. On phylogenetic trees the names symbolize species. What exactly do these names signify? What kind of information is communicated when we claim to have knowledge of the following types? "Tetonius mathewzi was ancestral to Pseudotetonius ambiguus. " "The sample of fossils attributed to Homo habzlis is too variable to contain only one species. " "Interbreeding populations of savanna baboons all belong to Papio anubis. " "Hylobates lar and H. pileatus interbreed in zones of geographic overlap. " While there is nearly universal agreement that the notion of the speczes is fundamental to our understanding of how evolution works, there is a very wide range of opinion on the conceptual content and meaning of such particular statements regarding species. This is because, oddly enough, evolutionary biolo gists are quite far from agreement on what a species is, how it attains this status, and what role it plays in evolution over the long term.

Systematics and the Origin of Species

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309165105
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Systematics and the Origin of Species by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Systematics and the Origin of Species written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-09-28 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In December 2004, the National Academy of Sciences sponsored a colloquium on "Systematics and the Origin of Species" to celebrate Ernst Mayr's 100th anniversary and to explore current knowledge concerning the origin of species. In 1942, Ernst Mayr, one of the twentieth century's greatest scientists, published Systematics and the Origin of Species, a seminal book of the modern theory of evolution, where he advanced the significance of population variation in the understanding of evolutionary process and the origin of new species. Mayr formulated the transition from Linnaeus's static species concept to the dynamic species concept of the modern theory of evolution and emphasized the species as a community of populations, the role of reproductive isolation, and the ecological interactions between species. In addition to a preceding essay by Edward O. Wilson, this book includes the 16 papers presented by distinguished evolutionists at the colloquium. The papers are organized into sections covering the origins of species barriers, the processes of species divergence, the nature of species, the meaning of "species," and genomic approaches for understanding diversity and speciation.

Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory

Author : Quentin D. Wheeler
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231101430
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory by : Quentin D. Wheeler

Download or read book Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory written by Quentin D. Wheeler and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No question in theoretical biology has been more perennially controversial or perplexing than "What is a species?" Recent advances in phylogenetic theory have called into question traditional views of species and spawned many concepts that are currently competing for general acceptance. Once the subject of esoteric intellectual exercises, the "species problem" has emerged as a critically important aspect of global environmental concerns. Completion of an inventory of biodiversity, success in conservation, predictive knowledge about life on earth, management of material resources, formulation of scientifically credible public policy and law, and more depend upon our adoption of the "right" species concept. Quentin D. Wheeler and Rudolf Meier present a debate among top systematic biology theorists to consider the strengths and weaknesses of five competing concepts. Debaters include (1) Ernst Mayr (Biological Species Concept), (2) Rudolf Meier and Rainer Willmann (Hennigian species concept), (3) Brent Mishler and Edward Theriot (one version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept), (4) Quentin Wheeler and Norman Platnick (a competing version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept), and (5) E. O. Wiley and Richard Mayden (the Evolutionary Species Concept). Each author or pair of authors contributes three essays to the debate: first, a position paper with an opening argument for their respective concept of species; second, a counterpoint view of the weakness of competing concepts; and, finally, a rebuttal of the attacks made by other authors. This unique and lively debate format makes the comparative advantages and disadvantages of competing species concepts clear and accessible in a single book for the first time, bringing to light numerous controversies in phylogenetic theory, taxonomy, and philosophy of science that are important to a wide audience. Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory will meet a need among scientists, conservationists, policy-makers, and students of biology for an explicit, critical evaluation of a large and complex literature on species. An important reference for professionals, the book will prove especially useful in classrooms and discussion groups where students may find a concise, lucid entrée to one of the most complex questions facing science and society.

Do Species Exist?

Author : Werner Kunz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527664262
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Do Species Exist? by : Werner Kunz

Download or read book Do Species Exist? written by Werner Kunz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A readily comprehensible guide for biologists, field taxonomists and interested laymen to one of the oldest problems in biology: the species problem. Written by a geneticist with extensive experience in field taxonomy, this practical book provides the sound scientific background to the problems arising with classifying organisms according to species. It covers the main current theories of specification and gives a number of examples that cannot be explained by any single theory alone.

Principles of Biology

Author : Lisa Bartee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781636350417
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Biology by : Lisa Bartee

Download or read book Principles of Biology written by Lisa Bartee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research.

Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates

Author : James H. Thorp
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123748550
Total Pages : 1036 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates by : James H. Thorp

Download or read book Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates written by James H. Thorp and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The third edition of Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates continues the tradition of in-depth coverage of the biology, ecology, phylogeny, and identification of freshwater invertebrates from the USA and Canada. This text serves as an authoritative single source for a broad coverage of the anatomy, physiology, ecology, and phylogeny of all major groups of invertebrates in inland waters of North America, north of Mexico." --Book Jacket.

Evolutionary Genetics

Author : Charles W. Fox
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199775040
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Genetics by : Charles W. Fox

Download or read book Evolutionary Genetics written by Charles W. Fox and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-27 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles Fox and Jason Wolf have brought together leading researchers to produce a cutting-edge primer introducing readers to the major concepts in modern evolutionary genetics. This book spans the continuum of scale, from studies of DNA sequence evolution through proteins and development to multivariate phenotypic evolution, and the continuum of time, from ancient events that lead to current species diversity to the rapid evolution seen over relatively short time scales in experimental evolution studies. Chapters are accessible to an audience lacking extensive background in evolutionaryy genetics but also current and in-depth enough to be of value to established researchers in evolution biology.

The Species Problem

Author : David N. Stamos
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739161180
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The Species Problem by : David N. Stamos

Download or read book The Species Problem written by David N. Stamos and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2003-03-17 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stamos squarely confronts the problem of determining what a biological species is, whether species are real, and the nature of their reality. He critically considers the evolution of the major contemporary views of species and also offers his own solution to the species problem.

Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates

Author : James H. Thorp
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0123850274
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates by : James H. Thorp

Download or read book Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates written by James H. Thorp and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-06 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers familiar with the first three editions of Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates (edited by J.H. Thorp and A.P. Covich) will welcome the comprehensive revision and expansion of that trusted professional reference manual and educational textbook from a single North American tome into a developing multi-volume series covering inland water invertebrates of the world. The series entitled Thorp and Covich’s Freshwater Invertebrates (edited by J.H. Thorp) begins with the current Volume I: Ecology and General Biology (edited by J.H. Thorp and D.C. Rogers), which is designed as a companion volume for the remaining books in the series. Those following volumes provide taxonomic coverage for specific zoogeographic regions of the world, starting with Keys to Nearctic Fauna (Vol. II) and Keys to Palaearctic Fauna (Vol. III). Volume I maintains the ecological and general biological focus of the previous editions but now expands coverage globally in all chapters, includes more taxonomic groups (e.g., chapters on individual insect orders), and covers additional functional topics such as invasive species, economic impacts, and functional ecology. As in previous editions, the 4th edition of Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates is designed for use by professionals in universities, government agencies, and private companies as well as by undergraduate and graduate students. Global coverage of aquatic invertebrate ecology Discussions on invertebrate ecology, phylogeny, and general biology written by international experts for each group Separate chapters on invasive species and economic impacts and uses of invertebrates Eight additional chapters on insect orders and a chapter on freshwater millipedes Four new chapters on collecting and culturing techniques, ecology of invasive species, economic impacts, and ecological function of invertebrates Overall expansion of ecology and general biology and a shift of the even more detailed taxonomic keys to other volumes in the projected 9-volume series Identification keys to lower taxonomic levels