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Specialization And Complementation Of Humoral Immune Responses To Infection
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Book Synopsis Specialization and Complementation of Humoral Immune Responses to Infection by : Tim Manser
Download or read book Specialization and Complementation of Humoral Immune Responses to Infection written by Tim Manser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of specific antibodies for the clearance of and long-term resistance to many infectious pathogens has long been appreciated. In the last five years, data from these areas of research has coalesced, resulting in the emergence of a new and more complete understanding of how antibody-mediated resistance to pathogens is elaborated. This volume will highlight this new perspective on antibody responses to infection and convey its practical implications.
Book Synopsis Specialization and Complementation of Humoral Immune Responses to Infection by : Tim Manser
Download or read book Specialization and Complementation of Humoral Immune Responses to Infection written by Tim Manser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of specific antibodies for the clearance of and long-term resistance to many infectious pathogens has long been appreciated. In the last five years, data from these areas of research has coalesced, resulting in the emergence of a new and more complete understanding of how antibody-mediated resistance to pathogens is elaborated. This volume will highlight this new perspective on antibody responses to infection and convey its practical implications.
Book Synopsis Infection and Immunity by : D H Davies
Download or read book Infection and Immunity written by D H Davies and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise text explores the interactions between pathogens and the immune system. Taking a disease-based approach, it explains how micro-organisms adapted to growth in human hosts can evade the immune system and cause disease. The opening chapter overviews the innate and adaptive immune responses to microbes. Subsequent chapters are specific to particular pathogens, beginning with their biology and leading on to illustrate mechanisms of adaptation and ensuing consequences. Each of these chapters ends with a summary, review questions and further reading lists. Summaries, review questions and further reading make this book suitable for self-directed study. Infection and Immunity is ideal for any undergraduates taking a course that explores the interaction between pathogens and the human immune system.
Book Synopsis Autophagy in Infection and Immunity by : Beth Levine
Download or read book Autophagy in Infection and Immunity written by Beth Levine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-03 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy is a fundamental biological process that enables cells to autodigest their own cytosol during starvation and other forms of stress. It has a growing spectrum of acknowledged roles in immunity, aging, development, neurodegeneration, and cancer biology. An immunological role of autophagy was first recognized with the discovery of autophagy’s ability to sanitize the cellular interior by killing intracellular microbes. Since then, the repertoire of autophagy’s roles in immunity has been vastly expanded to include a diverse but interconnected portfolio of regulatory and effector functions. Autophagy is an effector of Th1/Th2 polarization; it fuels MHC II presentation of cytosolic (self and microbial) antigens; it shapes central tolerance; it affects B and T cell homeostasis; it acts both as an effector and a regulator of Toll-like receptor and other innate immunity receptor signaling; and it may help ward off chronic inflammatory disease in humans. With such a multitude of innate and adaptive immunity functions, the study of autophagy in immunity is one of the most rapidly growing fields of contemporary immunological research. This book introduces the reader to the fundamentals of autophagy, guides a novice and the well-informed reader alike through different immunological aspects of autophagy as well as the countermeasures used by highly adapted pathogens to fight autophagy, and provides the expert with the latest, up-to-date information on the specifics of the leading edge of autophagy research in infection and immunity.
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut by : Chihiro Sasakawa
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut written by Chihiro Sasakawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-08 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our gut is colonized by numerous bacteria throughout our life, and the gut epithelium is constantly exposed to foreign microbes and dietary antigens. Thus, the gut epithelium acts as a barrier against microbial invaders and is equipped with various innate defense systems. Resident commensal and foreign invading bacteria interact intimately with the gut epithelium and can impact host cellular and innate immune responses. From the perspective of many pathogenic bacteria, the gut epithelium serves as an infectious foothold and port of entry for disseminate into deeper tissues. In some instances when the intestinal defense activity and host immune system become compromised, even commensal and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria can cross the barrier and initiate local and systematic infectious diseases. Conversely, some highly pathogenic bacteria, such as those highlighted in this book, are able to colonize or invade the intestinal epithelium despite the gut barrier function is intact. Therefore, the relationship between the defensive activity of the intestinal epithelium against microbes and the pathogenesis of infective microbes becomes the basis for maintaining a healthy life. The authors offer an overview of the current topics related to major gastric and enteric pathogens, while highlighting their highly evolved host (human)-adapted infectious processes. Clearly, an in-depth study of bacterial infectious strategies, as well as the host cellular and immune responses, presented in each chapter of this book will provide further insight into the critical roles of the host innate and adaptive immune systems and their importance in determining the severity or completely preventing infectious diseases. Furthermore, under the continuous threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, the topic of gut-bacteria molecular interactions will provide various clues and ideas for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Book Synopsis The Chemokine System in Experimental and Clinical Hematology by : Oystein Bruserud
Download or read book The Chemokine System in Experimental and Clinical Hematology written by Oystein Bruserud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the issue is to describe and explain the importance of the chemokine system in hematology. The chemokine system is probably important for many aspects of normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis. A major focus is the development and treatment of hematologic malignancies, including the immunobiology of stem cell transplantation. The present reviews illustrate that chemokines can be involved in leukemogenesis. The chemokine system is also important both for the crosstalk between malignant cells and their neighbouring nonmalignant stromal cells (including endothelial cells) as well as for immunoregulation in patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Thus, chemokines are important both for the pathogenesis and treatment of hematological diseases.
Book Synopsis Toll-like Receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology by : Tammy Kielian
Download or read book Toll-like Receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology written by Tammy Kielian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-19 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were first identified in 1997 based on their homology with Drosophila Toll, which mediates innate immunity in the fly. In recent years, the number of studies describing TLR expression and function in the nervous system has been increasing steadily and expanding beyond their traditional roles in infectious diseases to neurodegenerative disorders and injury. Interest in the field serves as the impetus for this volume in the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology series entitled "Toll-like receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology". The first five chapters highlight more traditional roles for TLRs in infectious diseases of the CNS. The second half of the volume discusses recently emerging roles for TLRs in non-infectious neurodegenerative diseases and the challenges faced in these models with identifying endogenous ligands. Several conceptual theories are introduced in various chapters that deal with the dual nature of TLR engagement and whether these signals favor neuroprotective versus neurodegenerative outcomes. This volume should be informative for both experts as well as newcomers to the field of TLRs in the nervous system based on its coverage of basic TLR biology as well as specialization to discuss specific diseases of the nervous system where TLR function has been implicated. A must read for researchers interested in the dual role of these receptors in neuroinfection and neurodegeneration.
Book Synopsis Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy by : Glenn Dranoff
Download or read book Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy written by Glenn Dranoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay between tumors and their immunologic microenvironment is complex, difficult to decipher, but its understanding is of seminal importance for the development of novel prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies. The present review discusses tumor-immune interactions in several human cancers that illustrate various aspects of this complexity and proposes an integrated scheme of the impact of local immune reactions on clinical outcome. Current active immunotherapy trials have shown durable tumor regressions in a fraction of patients. However, clinical efficacy of current vaccines is limited, possibly because tumors skew the immune system by means of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, inflammatory type 2 T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), all of which prevent the generation of effector cells. To improve the clinical efficacy of cancer vaccines in patients with metastatic disease, we need to design novel and improved strategies that can boost adaptive immunity to cancer, help overcome Tregs and allow the breakdown of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Book Synopsis Cell Entry by Non-Enveloped Viruses by : John E. Johnson
Download or read book Cell Entry by Non-Enveloped Viruses written by John E. Johnson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The means by which non-enveloped viruses penetrate cellular membranes during cell entry remain poorly defined. Recent findings indicate several members of this group share a common mechanism of membrane penetration in which the virus particle undergoes programmed conformational changes, leading to capsid disassembly and release of small membrane-interacting peptides. A complete understanding of host cell entry by this minimal system will help elucidate the mechanisms of non-enveloped virus membrane penetration in general
Book Synopsis Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Health and Disease by : Christian Rommel
Download or read book Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Health and Disease written by Christian Rommel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-17 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From humble beginnings over 25 years ago as a lipid kinase activity associated with certain oncoproteins, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) has been catapulted to the forefront of drug development in cancer, immunity and thrombosis, with the first clinical trials of PI3K pathway inhibitors now in progress. Here we give a brief overview of some key discoveries in the PI3K area and their impact, and include thoughts on the current state of the field, and where it could go from here
Book Synopsis Diverse Effects of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression by : M. Celeste Simon
Download or read book Diverse Effects of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression written by M. Celeste Simon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypoxia, defined as reduced oxygen tension, is a common physiological phenomenon in both normal embryonic development and malignancy progression. Although severe hypoxia is generally toxic for both normal tissue and tumors, neoplastic cells gradually adapt to prolonged hypoxia though additional genetic and genomic changes with a net result that hypoxia promotes tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia promotes cancer progression by regulating various aspects of cancer biology, including radiotherapy resistance, metabolism, angiogenesis and invasion/migration
Download or read book Lyme Disease written by Richard Ostfeld and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of research on the ecology of Lyme disease in North America describes how humans get sick, why some years and places are so risky and others not, and offers a new understanding that embraces the complexity of species and their interactions.
Book Synopsis Immunological Synapse by : Takashi Saito
Download or read book Immunological Synapse written by Takashi Saito and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proper physiological functioning of most eukaryotic cells requires their assembly into multi-cellular tissues that form organized organ systems. Cells of the immune system develop in bone marrow and lymphoid organs, but as the cells mature they leave these organs and circulate as single cells. Antigen receptors (TCRs) of T cells search for membrane MHC proteins that are bound to peptides derived from infectious pathogens or cellular transformations. The detection of such speci?c peptide–MHC antigens initiates T cell activation, adhesion, and immune-effectors functions. Studies of normal and transformed T cell lines and of T cells from transgenic mice led to comprehensive understanding of the mole- lar basis of antigen-receptor recognition and signaling. In spite of these remarkable genetic and biochemical advances, other key physiological mechanisms that par- cipate in sensing and decoding the immune context to induce the appropriate cellular immune responses remain unresolved. TCR recognition is tightly regulated to trigger sensitive but balanced T cell responses that result in the effective elimination of the pathogens while minimizing collateral damage to the host. The sensitivity of TCR recognition has to be properly tempered to prevent unintended activation by self-peptide–MHC complexes that cause autoimmune diseases. It is likely that once the TCR is engaged by a peptide– MHC and TCR signaling begins, additional regulatory mechanisms, involving other receptors, would increase the ?delity of the response.
Book Synopsis HIV Interactions with Host Cell Proteins by : Paul Spearman
Download or read book HIV Interactions with Host Cell Proteins written by Paul Spearman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-11 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of viruses necessarily involves dissecting the intimate details of cellular pathways. Viruses have often been employed as tools in studying cellular pathways, as was done by early retrovirologists such as Peyton Rous in attempting to understand the mechanism of cellular transformation and oncogenesis. On the other side of the coin, virologists seek to de?ne those cellular elements interacting intimatelywiththeir virus ofinterestinorder to better understand viral replication itself, and in some cases to develop antiviral strategies. It is in the intersection of virology and cell biology that many of us ?nd the most rewarding aspects of our research. When a new discovery yields insights into basic cellular mechanisms and presents new targets for int- vention to ?ght a serious pathogen, the impact can be high and the excitement intense. HIV has been no exception to the rule that viruses reveal many basic aspects of cellular biology. In recent years, in part because of the importance of HIV as a major cause of human suffering, numerous cellular processes have been elucidated through work on processes or proteins of this human retrovirus. The excitement in this ?eld is especially well illustrated by the discovery of new innate means of resisting viral replication, such as the work on APOBEC3G, TRIM5a, and BST-2/ tetherin presented in this volume.
Download or read book Dengue Virus written by Alan L. Rothman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific research on dengue has a long and rich history. The literature has been touched by famous names in medicine- Benjamin Rush, Walter Reed, and Albert Sabin, to name a very few- and has been fertile ground for medical historians . The advances made in those early investigations are all the more remarkable for the limited tools available at the time. The demonstration of a viral etiology for dengue fever, the recognition of mosquitoes as the vector for transmission to humans, and the existence of multiple viral variants (serotypes) with only partial cross-protection were all accomplished prior to the ability to culture and characterize the etiologic agent. Research on dengue in this period was typically driven by circumstances. Epidemics of dengue created public health crises, although these were relatively short-lived in any one location, as the population of susceptible individuals quickly shrank. Military considerations became as a major driving force for research. With the introduction of large numbers of non-immune individuals into endemic areas, dengue could cripple military readiness, taking more soldiers out of action than hostile fire. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, which assumed pandemic proportions during the latter half of the last century, have shown no indication of slowing their growth during this first decade of the twenty-first century. Challenges remain in understanding the basic mechanisms of viral replication and disease pathogenesis, in clinical management of patients, and in control of dengue viral transmission. Nevertheless, new tools and insights have led to major recent scientific advances. As the first candidate vaccines enter large-scale efficacy trials, there is reason to hope that we may soon "turn the corner" on this disease.
Book Synopsis Varicella-zoster Virus by : Allison Abendroth
Download or read book Varicella-zoster Virus written by Allison Abendroth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive review of basic and clinical research on Varicella-zoster Virus, the only human herpesvirus for which vaccines to prevent both primary and recurrent infection are approved.
Book Synopsis Viruses and Nanotechnology by : Marianne Manchester
Download or read book Viruses and Nanotechnology written by Marianne Manchester and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-02 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is a collective term describing a broad range of relatively novel topics. Scale is the main unifying theme, with nanotechnology being concerned with matter on the nanometer scale. A quintessential tenet of nanotechnology is the precise self-assembly of nanometer-sized components into ordered devices. Nanotechnology seeks to mimic what nature has achieved, with precision at the nanometer level down to the atomic level. Nanobiotechnology, a division of nanotechnology, involves the exploitation of biomaterials, devices or methodologies in the nanoscale. In recent years a set of b- molecules has been studied and utilized. Virus particles are natural nanomaterials and have recently received attention for their tremendous potential in this field. The extensive study of viruses as pathogens has yielded detailed knowledge about their biological, genetic, and physical properties. Bacterial viruses (bacte- ophages), plant and animal eukaryotic viruses, and viruses of archaea have all been characterized in this manner. The knowledge of their replicative cycles allows manipulation and tailoring of particles, relying on the principles of self-assembly in infected hosts to build the base materials. The atomic resolution of the virion structure reveals ways in which to tailor particles for higher-order functions and assemblies.
