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Author : Clement Ighama Okoh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Soot and Radiation in Free Boundary Layer Flames written by Clement Ighama Okoh and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soot and Radiation in Combusting Boundary Layers written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most fires thermal radiation is the dominant mode of heat transfer. Carbon particles within the fire are responsible for most of this emitted radiation and hence warrant quantification. As a first step toward understanding thermal radiation in full scale fires, an experimental and theoretical study is presented for a laminar combusting boundary layer. Carbon particulate volume fraction profiles and approximate particle size distributions are experimentally determined in both free and forced flow for several hydrocarbon fuels and PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate). A multiwavelength laser transmission technique determines a most probable radius and a total particle concentration which are two unknown parameters in an assumed Gauss size distribution. A sooting region is observed on the fuel rich side of the main reaction zone. For free flow, all the flames are in air, but the free stream ambient oxygen mass fraction is a variable in forced flow. To study the effects of radiation heat transfer, a model is developed for a laminar combusting boundary layer over a pyrolyzing fuel surface. An optically thin approximation simplifies the calculation of the radiant energy flux at the fuel surface. For the free flames in air, the liquid fuel soot volume fractions, f/sub v/, range from f/sub v/ approx. 10−7 for n-heptane, a paraffin, to f/sub v/ approx. 10−7 for toluene, an aromatic. The PMMA soot volume fractions, f/sub v/ approx. 5 x 10−7, are approximately the same as the values previously reported for pool fires. Soot volume fraction increases monotonically with ambient oxygen mass fraction in the forced flow flames. For all fuels tested, a most probable radius between 20 nm and 80 nm is obtained which varies only slightly with oxygen mass fraction, streamwise position, or distance normal to the fuel surface. The theoretical analysis yields nine dimensionless parameters, which control the mass flux rate at the pyrolyzing fuel surface.
Author : James Alfred Ang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Perturbed Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames written by James Alfred Ang and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soot Profiles in Boundary-layer Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon particulate volume fractions and approximate particle size distributions are measured in a free laminar combusting boundary layer for liquid hydrocarbon fuels (n-heptane, iso-octane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, toluene) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). A multiwavelength laser transmission technique determines a most probable radius and the total particle concentration, which are two parameters in an assumed form for the size distribution. In the combusting boundary layer, a sooting region exists between the pyrolyzing fuel surface and the flame zone. The liquid fuel soot volume fractions, f/sub v/, range from f/sub v/ approx. 10−7 for n-heptane, a paraffin, to f/sub v approx. 10−5 for toluene, an aromatic. The PMMA volume fractions, f/sub v/ approx. 5 X 10−7, are approximately the same as the values previously reported for pool fires. The soot volume fractions increase with height; convection of carbon particles downstream widens the soot region with height. For all fuels tested, the most probable radius is between 20 nm and 50 nm, and it changes only slightly with height and distance from the fuel surface.
Author : Richard Alan Beier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Soot and Radiation in Combusting Boundary Layers written by Richard Alan Beier and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard L. Axelbaum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (32 download)
Download or read book A Fundamental Study of Soot Formation in Diffusion Flames written by Richard L. Axelbaum and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book NASA Technical Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108660886
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)
Download or read book A Gallery of Combustion and Fire written by Charles E. Baukal, Jr. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Gallery of Combustion and Fire is the first book to provide a graphical perspective of the extremely visual phenomenon of combustion in full color. It is designed primarily to be used in parallel with, and supplement existing combustion textbooks that are usually in black and white, making it a challenge to visualize such a graphic phenomenon. Each image includes a description of how it was generated, which is detailed enough for the expert but simple enough for the novice. Processes range from small scale academic flames up to full scale industrial flames under a wide range of conditions such as low and normal gravity, atmospheric to high pressures, actual and simulated flames, and controlled and uncontrolled flames. Containing over 500 color images, with over 230 contributors from over 75 organizations, this volume is a valuable asset for experts and novices alike.
Author : Thomas George Mataga
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Thermal Cracking and Variable Properties Effects on Free Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames written by Thomas George Mataga and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jorge Omar Contreras Rodriguez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (993 download)
Download or read book Numerical Study of Soot Formation written by Jorge Omar Contreras Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microgravity ethylene laminar boundary layer diffusion flames generated by a flat porous burner and characterized by the fuel injection velocities of 3 and 4 mm/s and an oxidizer velocity of 250 mm/s have been simulated by using an accurate radiation model, a comprehensive kinetic mechanism, and a soot model consisting of inception as a result of the collision of two pyrene molecules, heterogeneous surface growth and oxidation following the hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition (HACA) mechanism, soot particle coagulation, and PAH surface condensation. Model predictions are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data in terms of the stand-off distance and soot volume fraction. The stand-off distance and soot production are enhanced as the fuel velocity increases. H and OH radicals, responsible of the de-hydrogenation of sites in the HACA process, and pyrene, of the species for soot inception and PAH condensation processes, are found to be located in a region that follows the stand-off distance. Soot is then produced in this region and is transported inside the boundary layer by convection and thermophoresis. Radiative loss is substantially higher in these flames than in normal gravity diffusion flames owing to much longer residence times. Calculations carried out by neglecting soot radiation and by using the optically-thin approximation (OTA) revealed that soot dominates the radiative heat transfer in these flames and that the use of OTA gives rise to significant discrepancies in temperature and soot volume fraction.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1344 pages
Book Rating : 4.U/5 (183 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrés Fuentes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (827 download)
Download or read book Interactions Between the Reaction Zone and Soot Field in a Laminar Boundary Layer Type Diffusion Flame written by Andrés Fuentes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concurrent spreading of a boundary layer type diffusion flame is studied. The impossibility of obtaining a low velocity laminar flow without any perturbation induced by buoyancy has lead to the development of an experimental apparatus for use in micro-gravity facilities. Based on previous experimental observations, an original numerical approach has been developed showing, first the dominating role of the radiative heat transfer on the structure of the flame and second the major role of the soot on the extinction phenomenon at the flame trailing edge. The influence of the forced flow velocity, the fuel injection velocity and oxygen concentration on the geometry of the flame has been examined by imaging of CH* and OH* radicals spontaneous emission. Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) is used to determine the soot field concentration in the flame. The soot formation has been studied by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The interaction between the reaction zone and the field of soot formation/oxidation is taken into account to analyze the flame length. These results can be used as the experimental input data for a future complete validation of numerical model simulating the soot formation and oxidation in this kind of flame.
Author : Patrick J. Pagni
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (495 download)
Download or read book Diffusion Flame Analyses written by Patrick J. Pagni and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nine classic diffusion flames, i.e., combustion systems with initially separate fuel and oxidizer, are synthesized in a search for common dimensionless parameters which may serve as indices of fire hazard. The problem examined are: planar and cylindrical Burke-Schumann; droplet burning; planar and cylindrical stagnant film; and forced, free, mixed and stagnation point combusting boundary layers. Similarity solutions in pyrolysis regions permit identification of flame locations and quantification of excess pyrolyzate, i.e., fuel which is not consumed localy. Numerical solutions in downstream regions give explicit expressions for flame extensions in terms of the r number and the B number, which the former dominating. This key parameter, the physically available oxygen-to-fuel ratio divided by the chemically required oxygen-to-fuel ratio or inverse equivalence ratio, emerges as indicative of the fire hazard associated with flame extension. Full-scale tests have shown that flame extension is ralated to fire spread beyond the compartment of origin. Small r means large flame. Polystyrene with r = 0.12, for example, has an order of magnitude longer flame than wood with r = 0.0. Other polymers fall between these extremes. Much progress remains to be made in the areas of flame soot, radiation, turbulence, and compartment interactions.
Author : Takashi Tamaru
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Radiative Heat Transfer in a Diffusion Flame written by Takashi Tamaru and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yudaya Raju Sivathanu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Soot and Radiation Properties of Boyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames written by Yudaya Raju Sivathanu and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xiaoyan Lei
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (342 download)
Download or read book Coupled Soot Formation and Radiation in a Laminar Diffusion Flame written by Xiaoyan Lei and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
