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Solidification Of The Hanford Law Waste Stream Produced As A Result Of Near Tank Continuous Sludge Leaching And Sodium Hydroxide Recovery
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Book Synopsis Solidification of the Hanford Law Waste Stream Produced as a Result of Near-Tank Continuous Sludge Leaching and Sodium Hydroxide Recovery by :
Download or read book Solidification of the Hanford Law Waste Stream Produced as a Result of Near-Tank Continuous Sludge Leaching and Sodium Hydroxide Recovery written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of River Protection (ORP), is responsible for the remediation and stabilization of the Hanford Site tank farms, including 53 million gallons of highly radioactive mixed wasted waste contained in 177 underground tanks. The plan calls for all waste retrieved from the tanks to be transferred to the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP). The WTP will consist of three primary facilities including pretreatment facilities for Low Activity Waste (LAW) to remove aluminum, chromium and other solids and radioisotopes that are undesirable in the High Level Waste (HLW) stream. Removal of aluminum from HLW sludge can be accomplished through continuous sludge leaching of the aluminum from the HLW sludge as sodium aluminate; however, this process will introduce a significant amount of sodium hydroxide into the waste stream and consequently will increase the volume of waste to be dispositioned. A sodium recovery process is needed to remove the sodium hydroxide and recycle it back to the aluminum dissolution process. The resulting LAW waste stream has a high concentration of aluminum and sodium and will require alternative immobilization methods. Five waste forms were evaluated for immobilization of LAW at Hanford after the sodium recovery process. The waste forms considered for these two waste streams include low temperature processes (Saltstone/Cast stone and geopolymers), intermediate temperature processes (steam reforming and phosphate glasses) and high temperature processes (vitrification). These immobilization methods and the waste forms produced were evaluated for (1) compliance with the Performance Assessment (PA) requirements for disposal at the IDF, (2) waste form volume (waste loading), and (3) compatibility with the tank farms and systems. The iron phosphate glasses tested using the product consistency test had normalized release rates lower than the waste form requirements although the CCC glasses had higher release rates than the quenched glasses. However, the waste form failed to meet the vapor hydration test criteria listed in the WTP contract. In addition, the waste loading in the phosphate glasses were not as high as other candidate waste forms. Vitrification of HLW waste as borosilicate glass is a proven process; however the HLW and LAW streams at Hanford can vary significantly from waste currently being immobilized. The ccc glasses show lower release rates for B and Na than the quenched glasses and all glasses meet the acceptance criterion of
Book Synopsis Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank C-106 Sludge by : Gregg J. Lumetta
Download or read book Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank C-106 Sludge written by Gregg J. Lumetta and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank Sludge by :
Download or read book Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank Sludge written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current plan for remediating the Hanford tank farms consists of waste retrieval, pretreatment, treatment (immobilization), and disposal. The tank wastes will be partitioned into high-level and low-level fractions. The HLW will be immobilized in a borosilicate glass matrix; the resulting glass canisters will then be disposed of in a geologic repository. Because of the expected high cost of HLW vitrification and geologic disposal, pretreatment processes will be implemented to reduce the volume of immobilized high-level waste (IHLW). Caustic leaching (sometimes referred to as enhanced sludge washing or ESW) represents the baseline method for pretreating Hanford tank sludges. Caustic leaching is expected to remove a large fraction of the Al, which is present in large quantities in Hanford tank sludges. A significant portion of the P is also expected to be removed from the sludge by metathesis of water-insoluble metal phosphates to insoluble hydroxides and soluble Na[sub 3]PO[sub 4]. Similar metathesis reactions can occur for insoluble sulfate salts, allowing the removal of sulfate from the HLW stream. This report describes the sludge washing and caustic leaching tests performed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in FY 1996. The sludges used in this study were taken from Hanford tanks AN-104, BY-108, S-101, and S-111.
Book Synopsis Solidification of Continuous Sludge Leaching Product by :
Download or read book Solidification of Continuous Sludge Leaching Product written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank Sludges: Results of FY 1995 Studies by :
Download or read book Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank Sludges: Results of FY 1995 Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few years, the primary mission at the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site has changed from producing plutonium to environmental restoration. Large volumes of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW), generated during past Pu production and other operations, are stored in underground tanks on site. The current plan for remediating the Hanford tank farms consists of waste retrieval, pretreatment, treatment (immobilization), and disposal. The HLW will be immobilized in a borosilicate glass matrix; the resulting glass canisters will then be disposed of in a geologic repository. Because of the expected high cost of HLW immobilization and disposal, pretreatment processes will be implemented to reduce the volume of borosilicate glass produced in processing the tank wastes. This document describes sludge washing and caustic leaching tests conducted in FY 1995 at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) at the request of Westinghouse Hanford Company. These tests were performed using sludges from seven Hanford waste tanks -- B-111, BX-107, C-103, S-104, SY-103, T-104, and T-111. The primary and secondary types of waste stored in each of these tanks are given in Table 1. 1. The data collected in this effort will be used to support the March 1998 Tri-Party Agreement decision on the extent of pretreatment to be performed on the Hanford tank sludges (Ecology, EPA, and DOE 1994).
Book Synopsis Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank Sludges: Results of FY 1996 Studies. Revision by :
Download or read book Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank Sludges: Results of FY 1996 Studies. Revision written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few years, the primary mission at the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site has changed from producing plutonium to restoring the environment. Large volumes of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW), generated during past Pu production and other operations, are stored in underground tanks on site. The current plan for remediating the Hanford tank farms consists of waste retrieval, pretreatment, treatment (immobilization), and disposal. The HLW will be immobilized in a borosilicate glass matrix and then disposed of in a geologic repository. Because of the expected high cost of HLW vitrification and geologic disposal, pretreatment processes will be implemented to reduce the volume of borosilicate glass produced in disposing of the tank wastes. On this basis, a pretreatment plan is being developed. This report describes the sludge washing and caustic leaching test conducted to create a Hanford tank sludge pretreatment flowsheet.
Book Synopsis Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank Sludge by : Gregg J. Lumetta
Download or read book Washing and Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank Sludge written by Gregg J. Lumetta and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank T-110 Sludge by : Gregg J. Lumetta
Download or read book Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank T-110 Sludge written by Gregg J. Lumetta and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank S-110 Sludge by :
Download or read book Caustic Leaching of Hanford Tank S-110 Sludge written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the Hanford Tank S-110 sludge caustic leaching test conducted in FY 2001 at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The data presented here can be used to develop the baseline and alternative flowsheets for pretreating Hanford tank sludge. The U.S. Department of Energy funded the work through the Efficient Separations and Processing Crosscutting Program.
Book Synopsis Critical Operating Parameters for Microwave Solidification of Hydroxide Sludge by :
Download or read book Critical Operating Parameters for Microwave Solidification of Hydroxide Sludge written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers at the Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) have developed an innovative technology for the treatment of homogeneous wet or dry solids which are contaminated with hazardous and/or radioactive materials. The process uses microwave energy to heat and melt the waste into a vitreous final form that is suitable for land disposal. The advantages include a high density, leach resistant, robust waste form; volume and toxicity reduction; favorable economics; in-container treatment; favorable public acceptance; isolated equipment; and instantaneous energy control. Regulatory certification of the final form is accomplished by meeting the limitation specified in EPA's Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure (TCLP). This paper presents the results from a series of TCLP tests performed on a surrogate hydroxide coprecipitation sludge spiked with heavy metals at elevated concentrations. The results are very encouraging and support RFP's commitment to the use of microwave technology for treatment of various mixed waste streams.
Book Synopsis Report: Memoria presentada al Exemo: Señor Ministro de comercio, instruccion y obras publicas por la Junta callficadora de los productos de la Industria Espanola, reunidos en la Exposicion publica de 1850 by :
Download or read book Report: Memoria presentada al Exemo: Señor Ministro de comercio, instruccion y obras publicas por la Junta callficadora de los productos de la Industria Espanola, reunidos en la Exposicion publica de 1850 written by and published by . This book was released on 1851 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bench-scale Enhanced Sludge Washing and Gravity Settling of Hanford Tank C-106 Sludge by : Kriston P. Brooks
Download or read book Bench-scale Enhanced Sludge Washing and Gravity Settling of Hanford Tank C-106 Sludge written by Kriston P. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solidification of Acidic, High Nitrate Nuclear Wastes by Grouting Or Absorption on Silica Gel by :
Download or read book Solidification of Acidic, High Nitrate Nuclear Wastes by Grouting Or Absorption on Silica Gel written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of grout and silica gel were explored for the solidification of four types of acidic, high nitrate radioactive wastes. Two methods of grouting were tested: direct grouting and pre-neutralization. Two methods of absorption on silica gel were also tested: direct absorption and rotary spray drying. The waste simulant acidity varied between 1 N and 12 N. The waste simulant was neutralized by pre-blending calcium hydroxide with Portland cement and blast furnace slag powders prior to mixing with the simulant for grout solidification. Liquid sodium hydroxide was used to partially neutralize the simulant to a pH above 2 and then it was absorbed for silica gel solidification. Formulations for each of these methods are presented along with waste form characteristics and properties. Compositional variation maps for grout formulations are presented which help determine the optimum "recipe" for a particular waste stream. These maps provide a method to determine the proportions of waste, calcium hydroxide, Portland cement, and blast furnace slag that provide a waste form that meets the disposal acceptance criteria. The maps guide researchers in selecting areas to study and provide an operational envelop that produces acceptable waste forms. The grouts both solidify and stabilize the wastes, while absorption on silica gel produces a solid waste that will not pass standard leaching procedures (TCLP) if required. Silica gel wastes can be made to pass most leach tests if heated to 600oC.
Download or read book Endothermic Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conversion of high-level solid radioactive waste to a nonleachable silicate glass is accomplished in the Endothermic process by simple melting of a mixture of the waste with crushed basalt. Dense (2.5 g cm/sup -3/) green-black glasses are obtained by melting mixtures containing 30 to 40 wt% Hanford In-Tank Solidified (ITS) waste, 50 to 70 wt% basalt, and 0 to 10 wt% B/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Addition of B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ to the process charge is desirable to lower its melting range from about 1100--1150 deg C to 1000--1050 deg C. Leach rates of these glasses (calculated from the sum of the concentrations of Fe, Na, Ca, Si, Mg, Al, Sr, and Cs in the leach liquor) in water at 25 deg C range from 10/sup -7/ to 10/sup -5/ g/cm/sup 2/ day. The lea ch rate, based on /sup 137/Cs, of a typical Endothermic process glass made from actual ITS waste, is 3.0 x 10/sup -8/ g/cm/sup 2/ day. This leach rate corresponds to removal of 2.1 x 10/sup -14/ g / sup 137/Cs per day from a square centimeter of glass containing 57 mu Ci /sup 137/Cs per gram. Judging from initial tests, the Endothermic process is a very promising scheme to increase immobilization of the ITS waste. (auth).
Book Synopsis A Rapid Method to Screen Mix Designs and Evaluate Leaching for Solidification and Stabilization of Waste by : Priscyla Marquez
Download or read book A Rapid Method to Screen Mix Designs and Evaluate Leaching for Solidification and Stabilization of Waste written by Priscyla Marquez and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disposal of residual waste streams and treatment byproducts (WTBs) generated on-site by many major industries, poses environmental risks due to the elevated levels of heavy metals WTBs contain and the potential release of contaminants to the environment. Solidification/stabilization (S/S) of waste is an attractive technology to address this challenge, as it provides a permanent disposal strategy. S/S methods entail solidifying the waste stream by mixing combinations of additives such as lime and Portland cement (OPC) with coal combustion residual products e.g., fly ash (FA). This co-disposal approach creates a solid that encapsulates contaminants through physical and chemical processes. However, given the variable compositions of WTBs, each solidified mix requires a different mix design to successfully encapsulate contaminants. Currently, the mix design process is approached empirically. Successful mix designs prevent contaminants from entering the environment via leaching. Current methods used to evaluate leaching from S/S solids (e.g., Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF)) require time-intensive and expensive testing. Consequently, this work aims to fulfill two main objectives: develop a method to efficiently screen mixtures to solidify and stabilize WTBs and develop a novel radial flow-through test that assesses the leaching of heavy metals from different solidified mix designs and simultaneously determines hydraulic conductivity of the solidified material. The small scale reactor analysis (SSRA) developed to screen mixtures was able to assess the ability to stabilize WTBs when mixed with a variety of additives. However, this method was unable to determine solidification properties needed to create a sturdy solid. The rapid flow through test (RFT) adapted to evaluate leaching and hydraulic conductivity was able to determine the leaching behavior of heavy metals over time from different S/S mixture designs across a range of different pH values and ionic strengths and simultaneously determine the hydraulic conductivity of the S/S solid. Future work should address improvements in the preparation of RFT samples to reduce variability in hydraulic conductivity that led to changes in leaching behavior among replicates
Book Synopsis Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Waste Forms Technology and Performance by : National Research Council
Download or read book Waste Forms Technology and Performance written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-05 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) is responsible for cleaning up radioactive waste and environmental contamination resulting from five decades of nuclear weapons production and testing. A major focus of this program involves the retrieval, processing, and immobilization of waste into stable, solid waste forms for disposal. Waste Forms Technology and Performance, a report requested by DOE-EM, examines requirements for waste form technology and performance in the cleanup program. The report provides information to DOE-EM to support improvements in methods for processing waste and selecting and fabricating waste forms. Waste Forms Technology and Performance places particular emphasis on processing technologies for high-level radioactive waste, DOE's most expensive and arguably most difficult cleanup challenge. The report's key messages are presented in ten findings and one recommendation.
