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Socio Economic Analysis Of Arsenic Contamination Of Groundwater In West Bengal
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Book Synopsis Socio-Economic Analysis of Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in West Bengal by : Abhijit Das
Download or read book Socio-Economic Analysis of Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in West Bengal written by Abhijit Das and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a socio-economic analysis of the issues linking technological innovation in providing arsenic-safe drinking water in rural areas. It presents concrete field based experiences of experiments and case studies depicting the plight and sufferings of people due to failed technological deployment strategies over the past two decades in West Bengal, the most arsenic-exposed state in India and also the first to act for remediation of the crisis. One of the greatest challenges in arsenic-exposed zones is to provide sustainable access to reliably arsenic-safe free water. For nearly twenty years the Government of India and national water distribution institutions in collaboration with multi-lateral funding agencies have sought to pump in money, push technology collected through global tenders, and enlist the support of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), but their efforts have yielded little success. This book is the outcome of the authors’ intensive fieldwork, guided by the conceptual framework of the latest literature on environmental economics and consumer behaviour. It presents a framework and estimates based on field level primary data. Secondary official source-based data are also collated from various scattered sources into a valuable, comprehensive collection. Lastly, the book includes a revealing analysis of factors affecting households’ participation.
Book Synopsis Arsenic Contamination in Bengal Basin by : Kakali Bhattacharya Chakrabarti
Download or read book Arsenic Contamination in Bengal Basin written by Kakali Bhattacharya Chakrabarti and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic contamination of groundwater and soil in West Bengal, India is a serious environmental health issue. Approximately 40 million people are exposed to contamination, 20 million being seriously affected. Risk mitigation faces multiple challenges, which are primarily historical, political, socio-cultural, and economic in nature. The current study investigated the factors that affect perception, understanding and mitigation of Arsenic contamination risk in West Bengal, and how culture-centered participatory communication can facilitate mitigation. 102 in-depth interviews and 2 focus-groups were conducted with villagers, local government representatives, doctors, scientists, teachers, health-workers, and college students, in 14 contamination-affected villages in West Bengal.
Book Synopsis Arsenic Water Resources Contamination by : Ali Fares
Download or read book Arsenic Water Resources Contamination written by Ali Fares and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume brings together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability and health researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by arsenic water contamination. The book sheds light on this global environmental issue, and proposes solutions to aquatic contamination through a multi-disciplinary lens and case studies from Bangladesh and India. The book may serve as a reference to environment and sustainability researchers, students and policy makers. Part one of the book describes the issue of arsenic contamination in ground water and river basins, including its source and distribution in specific locations in India. Part two explains the routes of exposure to environmental arsenic, its transport in aquatic ecosystems, and the health risks linked to arsenic exposure in food and the environment. Part three addresses sustainable arsenic contamination mitigation strategies and policies, the socioeconomic, demographic, cultural and psychological aspects of arsenic contamination, and the potential applications of GIS and remote sensing in providing solutions. Part four concludes by discussing the role of local and regional institutions in water resources management for a variety of issues including but not limited to arsenic contamination, and presents a case study in the Indus river basin in Pakistan to propose future contamination mitigation strategies.
Book Synopsis Natural Arsenic in Groundwater by : J. Bundschuh
Download or read book Natural Arsenic in Groundwater written by J. Bundschuh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-01-06 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic contamination has become a global phenomenon. With the development of advanced technological detection tools, more geographical areas have been identified. The people most affected are those in the poorer socio-economic groups. The research articles in this book have been contributed by scientists working in areas severely a
Book Synopsis Arsenic in Drinking Water and Food by : Sudhakar Srivastava
Download or read book Arsenic in Drinking Water and Food written by Sudhakar Srivastava and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic contamination poses a major environmental problem, especially in Southeast Asian countries like Bangladesh and India. Threatening the health of millions of people due to arsenic’s toxicity and carcinogenicity, the major routes of arsenic exposure for humans are either through drinking water or crops. Rice is the crop most affected by arsenic owing to its cultivation in major arsenic contaminated areas, biogeochemical factors in the soil during rice growth, and specific features of rice that enable it take up more arsenic than other crop plants. This book addresses the problem of arsenic by pursuing a holistic approach. It presents the status quo in different parts of the world (North and South America, Europe, Asia, etc.) and provides essential information on food-related arsenic exposure risks for humans, and possible preventive and curative measures for tackling arsenic poisoning. It covers the arsenic contamination status of rice, rice-based products, other vegetables, fishes, mushrooms, and other foods, with a special focus on rice-arsenic interactions. The mechanisms of arsenic uptake, translocation and distribution in plants and grains are also explained. In closing, the book reviews a variety of prospective agronomic and biotechnological solutions to the problem of arsenic accumulation in rice grains. The book is intended for a broad audience including researchers, scientists, and readers with diverse backgrounds including agriculture, environmental science, food science, environmental management, and human health. It can also be used as an important reference guide for undergraduate and graduate students, university faculties, and environmentalists.
Book Synopsis Impact of Irrigating with Arsenic Contaminated Water on Farmers' Income in West Bengal by : Madhavi Marwah
Download or read book Impact of Irrigating with Arsenic Contaminated Water on Farmers' Income in West Bengal written by Madhavi Marwah and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Irrigating with Arsenic Contaminated Water on Farmers' Incomes in West Bengal by :
Download or read book Impact of Irrigating with Arsenic Contaminated Water on Farmers' Incomes in West Bengal written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Arsenic in Groundwater by : M. Manzurul Hassan
Download or read book Arsenic in Groundwater written by M. Manzurul Hassan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic-contaminated groundwater is considered one of the world’s largest environmental health crises, as more than 300 million people in more than one-third of countries worldwide are at risk of groundwater arsenic poisoning. This book addresses how arsenic in groundwater impacts human health by using the frameworks of natural sciences, social sciences, and health sciences in the context set by environmental and legal considerations. Arsenic in Groundwater: Poisoning and Risk Assessment examines the spatial, quantitative, and qualitative aspects on arsenic poisoning; for instance, using geographical information systems (GIS) to investigate the spatial discontinuity of arsenic-laced water in spatial and temporal dimensions to uncover patterns of variations over scales from meters to kilometers. Spatial risk mapping provides insight for academics, researchers, policy makers, and politicians on possible long-term strategies for arsenic mitigation. Qualitative methodological approaches uncover the hidden issues of arsenic poisoning on human health and the related social implications. The book also examines legal aspects, such as the right to safe drinking water, as well as an in-depth look at how community participation can shape public policy. Features: Describes arsenic poisoning from both the scientific and social science perspectives Includes technical insights drawn from GIS-based modeling for spatial arsenic discontinuity and spatial health risks of arsenic poisoning Provides a state-of-the-art review of the human health literature and cutting-edge scientific evidence for arsenic-related health and social implications Examines the environmental justice and legal issues of drinking water and its quality Presents environmental policy and public mitigation strategies with Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) related to arsenic contamination More than 2,000 references serve as valuable resources for various aspects of arsenic poisoning
Book Synopsis Introduction to Development Engineering by : Temina Madon
Download or read book Introduction to Development Engineering written by Temina Madon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-08 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook introduces the emerging field of Development Engineering and its constituent theories, methods, and applications. It is both a teaching text for students and a resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in the design and scaling of technologies for low-resource communities. The scope is broad, ranging from the development of mobile applications for low-literacy users to hardware and software solutions for providing electricity and water in remote settings. It is also highly interdisciplinary, drawing on methods and theory from the social sciences as well as engineering and the natural sciences. The opening section reviews the history of “technology-for-development” research, and presents a framework that formalizes this body of work and begins its transformation into an academic discipline. It identifies common challenges in development and explains the book’s iterative approach of “innovation, implementation, evaluation, adaptation.” Each of the next six thematic sections focuses on a different sector: energy and environment; market performance; education and labor; water, sanitation and health; digital governance; and connectivity. These thematic sections contain case studies from landmark research that directly integrates engineering innovation with technically rigorous methods from the social sciences. Each case study describes the design, evaluation, and/or scaling of a technology in the field and follows a single form, with common elements and discussion questions, to create continuity and pedagogical consistency. Together, they highlight successful solutions to development challenges, while also analyzing the rarely discussed failures. The book concludes by reiterating the core principles of development engineering illustrated in the case studies, highlighting common challenges that engineers and scientists will face in designing technology interventions that sustainably accelerate economic development. Development Engineering provides, for the first time, a coherent intellectual framework for attacking the challenges of poverty and global climate change through the design of better technologies. It offers the rigorous discipline needed to channel the energy of a new generation of scientists and engineers toward advancing social justice and improved living conditions in low-resource communities around the world.
Book Synopsis Arsenic Mitigation in Rural Bangladesh by : Wardatul Akmam
Download or read book Arsenic Mitigation in Rural Bangladesh written by Wardatul Akmam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on micro-level empirical research, this book uniquely addresses the problem of arsenic contamination in ground water in Bangladesh in a comprehensive way. At the outset, the book puts forward the opinions of experts regarding the cause of arsenic contamination in ground water in Bangladesh, followed by sample surveys depicting socioeconomic and arsenic-related situations in three arsenic-affected villages in Meherpur district, Bangladesh. The major contribution of the author is the mixed-integer Pareto optimality model (tested and proved through computer simulation), developed in order to supply safe water to the badly affected people in Taranagar village. The model takes into account such issues as the costs of different safe water options, exposure to arsenic and bacteria, distance of the water source from home, indigenous cultural traits, environmental safety and acceptability of the options to the people. Besides successful development and application of the model, the book outlines ways to persuade people to change their habits regarding drinking tube-well water and proposes a system through which safe water can be supplied to Taranagar village. The book emphasizes socioeconomic, environmental and administrative aspects of selecting an optimal safe water option and ensuring consumption from safe water sources, which can be tested for other arsenic-affected areas as well. With relevant, attractive charts, tables, graphs, flowcharts and other graphics and with lucid language, the book makes rather difficult theoretical economics issues easily comprehensible and interesting to general readers, graduate and undergraduate students, researchers and NGO/GO workers who are dedicated to providing safe water to people affected by arsenic contamination.
Book Synopsis Environmental Degradation in Asia by : Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi
Download or read book Environmental Degradation in Asia written by Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book focuses on environmental degradation in Asian countries including land degradation and soil erosion. The land degradation covers assessing environmental degradation using geospatial technology, land use land cover mapping, environmental and anthropogenic degradation, assessment of land degradation vulnerability, evaluation of the impact of earthquake and the environmental control of the sand dunes. It also addresses the soil degradation and environmental pollution and presents several case studies such as tectonic activity and erosion, assessment of aircraft sound, soil degradation assessment for the arid territories, soil pollution, waste engine oil contamination, soil degradation, soil erosion modelling, land use and land cover change and its effect on soil erosion changes. Additionally, the book discusses the impact of climate change, and human activities including urban environmental quality, air pollution and the impact of armed conflict on the environment. Moreover, topics such as vegetation degradation including forest changes, hydrological and agricultural drought are presented. The book includes authors and scientists from Egypt, Iraq, Iran, India, Mongolia, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Republic of Kazakhstan, USA, Turkey, South Africa, Italy, China, Malaysia, Poland and Russia. Graduate students, researchers, engineers, policy planners, policymakers and stockholders could benefit from the information and the knowledge in this book.
Book Synopsis Coping with Arsenicosis by : Mahbuba Nasreen
Download or read book Coping with Arsenicosis written by Mahbuba Nasreen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial Modeling of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Risk by : Pravat Kumar Shit
Download or read book Spatial Modeling of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Risk written by Pravat Kumar Shit and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial Modeling of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Risk provides valuable information and insights for researchers, students and professionals in geography, hydrology, sedimentology, soil science, agriculture, engineering and GIS as they face increasingly complex challenges around development strategies for a sustainable society. Written by the world's leading researchers in their field, each article will begin with a short introductory essay that includes an overview of the sections' papers. Individual chapters focus on the core themes of research and knowledge and some topics that have received lesser attention. Each chapter will review the current understanding of knowledge regarding the present study and scope and consider where future efforts should be directed. - Discusses issues at the forefront of present research in environmental science, bioscience, ecology, pedogeomorphology, landscape, geoscience, forestry, hydrology and GIS - Explores state-of-art techniques based on methodological and modeling in modern Deep learning and Machine learning geospatial techniques through case studies - Describes novel control strategies, remediation and eco-restoration, and conservation techniques for sustainable development
Book Synopsis Improving Access to Safe Water in West Bengal, India by : Caroline Delaire
Download or read book Improving Access to Safe Water in West Bengal, India written by Caroline Delaire and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people in rural West Bengal, India, are exposed to groundwater containing toxic concentrations of arsenic, unpleasant levels of iron and non-negligible fecal contamination. Before publicly-provided piped water becomes widely available, a promising approach to address this unacceptable situation is to treat groundwater in small decentralized plants that sustain themselves by selling water to households at an affordable price. This approach hinges on two hypotheses: first, that groundwater can be treated for all contaminants -arsenic, iron, and microorganisms- at very low-cost and with locally available materials and labor; second, that a large fraction of households -ideally all households- will purchase treated water. This dissertation examines these two hypotheses in detail. First, it analyzes the concurrent removal of arsenic and bacteria from contaminated groundwater using iron electrocoagulation (Fe-EC), a simple and robust process suitable for operation in resource-limited settings. Second, it investigates household water practices and drivers of behavior change in rural West Bengal. Fe-EC relies on the dissolution of an Fe(0) anode to produce strong oxidants and Fe(III) precipitates with a high sorption affinity for arsenic. Building on previous work, a computational model is used to investigate the combined effects of pH and operating conditions (Fe dosage rate and O2 recharge rate) on arsenic removal by Fe-EC. A relationship is established between the impact of operating conditions and the process limiting arsenic removal (As(III) oxidation versus As(V) adsorption), which depends on the pH and the O2 concentration. The robustness of the trends predicted by the model, which operates at constant pH, is evaluated against lab experiments reproducing more realistic conditions where pH increases during treatment -as a result of groundwater equilibrating with atmospheric CO2. The results provide a nuanced understanding of the levers that an operator might use to optimize Fe-EC performance in a range of groundwaters under economic constraints. Bacteria attenuation by Fe-EC is investigated in detail using a series of laboratory experiments. After showing that Fe-EC can attenuate bacteria in synthetic Bengal groundwater without detriment to arsenic remediation, the impact of operating parameters (Fe dosage and dosage rate), groundwater composition (pH, HCO3-, Ca, Mg, Si, P, and natural organic matter (NOM)), and bacteria type are systematically investigated, with a focus on elucidating the mechanisms of bacteria attenuation. The results show that attenuation is primarily due to bacteria encapsulation in Fe(III) flocs and removal by gravitational settling, while inactivation by germicidal reactive oxidants remains limited in the presence of HCO3- and at pH>7. Fe(III) precipitates are found to adhere to the surface of bacterial cells, primarily through interactions with bacterial phosphate groups, resulting in bacteria enmeshment in precipitate flocs. The effect of major groundwater ions is interpreted in light of this mechanism: Ca and Mg reduce attenuation by complexing bacterial phosphate groups; Si and NOM, which do not strongly compete with phosphate groups for sorption to Fe(III) precipitates, do not affect attenuation; by contrast, P decreases attenuation significantly, except in the presence of bivalent cations, which can bridge between P sorbed to precipitates and bacterial phosphate groups. Finally, Fe-EC is shown to be equally effective towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, smooth and rough alike, likely due to the universal presence of phosphate moieties on bacterial cell walls. Altogether, results show that Fe-EC can effectively remove all types of bacterial contamination from a range of groundwaters. Results of a 501-household survey about water practices in the arsenic-affected district of Murshidabad, in West Bengal, India, are presented. 53% of the surveyed population was found to use alternatives to shallow groundwater including domestic filters, water purchased from small private entrepreneurs, government tubewells, and municipal piped water. The analysis shows that following socioeconomic status, risk perception of gastric illness and dissatisfaction with iron are the primary predictors of the use of alternatives, prevailing over arsenic risk perception. This finding indicates that households react to readily noticeable water problems more than to an invisible contaminant with long-term effects. The factors affecting the choice amongst available alternatives are investigated. The results show that purchased water does not currently provide universal access and that it only reduces, but does not eliminate, arsenic ingestion. Overall, the findings suggest that the provision of treated water through small independent entrepreneurs can be an interim, but partial, solution to the arsenic crisis until piped water becomes widespread in rural West Bengal.
Author :IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Publisher :IARC ISBN 13 :9789283212843 Total Pages :540 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (128 download)
Book Synopsis Some Drinking-water Disinfectants and Contaminants, Including Arsenic by : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Download or read book Some Drinking-water Disinfectants and Contaminants, Including Arsenic written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC. This book was released on 2004 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A working group of 23 experts from 13 countries met in Lyon to evaluate the evidence for carcinogenicity of arsenic (mostly naturally occurring) as a contaminant of drinking-water, and of the water-disinfectant chloramine. The working group also evaluated or re-evaluated four chlorination by-products found in drinking-water, namely chloral hydrate, di- and trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (also known as MX). High-level exposure to arsenic in drinking-water occurs in some regions such as China, Latin America, Bangladesh and West Bengal. The Working Group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer (mainly ecological studies in Taiwan and Chile, and several case-control and cohort studies) in relation to arsenic in drinking-water. Arsenic in drinking-water (primarily inorganic, as arsenate and to a lesser extent arsenite) was evaluated as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence for an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder, lung and skin. Studies on inorganic arsenic in experimental animals provided limited evidence for its carcinogenicity, but sufficient evidence was found in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid (an organic form of arsenic), which produced urinary bladder tumours in rats and lung tumours in mice after oral administration.
Book Synopsis Arsenic Pollution by : Peter Ravenscroft
Download or read book Arsenic Pollution written by Peter Ravenscroft and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic Pollution summarizes the most current research on the distribution and causes of arsenic pollution, its impact on health and agriculture, and solutions by way of water supply, treatment, and water resource management. Provides the first global and interdisciplinary account of arsenic pollution occurrences Integrates geochemistry, hydrology, agriculture, and water supply and treatment for the first time Options are highlighted for developing alternative water sources and methods for arsenic testing and removal Appeals to specialists in one discipline seeking an overview of the work being done in other disciplines
Book Synopsis Estimating the Economic Benefits of Arsenic Removal in India by : Joyashree Roy
Download or read book Estimating the Economic Benefits of Arsenic Removal in India written by Joyashree Roy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
