The Logic of Violence in Civil War

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 113945692X
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Violence in Civil War by : Stathis N. Kalyvas

Download or read book The Logic of Violence in Civil War written by Stathis N. Kalyvas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By analytically decoupling war and violence, this book explores the causes and dynamics of violence in civil war. Against the prevailing view that such violence is an instance of impenetrable madness, the book demonstrates that there is logic to it and that it has much less to do with collective emotions, ideologies, and cultures than currently believed. Kalyvas specifies a novel theory of selective violence: it is jointly produced by political actors seeking information and individual civilians trying to avoid the worst but also grabbing what opportunities their predicament affords them. Violence, he finds, is never a simple reflection of the optimal strategy of its users; its profoundly interactive character defeats simple maximization logics while producing surprising outcomes, such as relative nonviolence in the 'frontlines' of civil war.

Societies of Fear

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Publisher : Zed Books
ISBN 13 : 9781856497671
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis Societies of Fear by : Kees Koonings

Download or read book Societies of Fear written by Kees Koonings and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 1999-08 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As cities sprawl across Latin America, absorbing more and more of its people, crime and violence have become inescapable. From the paramilitary invasion of Medell¡n in Colombia, the booming wealth of crack dealers in Managua, Nicaragua and police corruption in Mexico City, to the glimmers of hope in Lima, this book provides a dynamic analysis of urban insecurity. Based on new empirical evidence, interviews with local people and historical contextualization, the authors attempts to shed light on the fault-lines which have appeared in Latin American society. Neoliberal economic policy, it is argued, has intensified the gulf between elites, insulated in gated estates monitored by private security firms, and the poor, who are increasingly mistrustful of state-sponsored attempts to impose order on their slums. Rather than the current trend towards government withdrawal, the situation can only be improved by co-operation between communities and police to build new networks of trust. In the end, violence and insecurity are inseparable from social justice and democracy.

Dangerous Others, Insecure Societies

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Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1409472841
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Dangerous Others, Insecure Societies by : Professor Michalis Lianos

Download or read book Dangerous Others, Insecure Societies written by Professor Michalis Lianos and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-04-28 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dangerous Others, Insecure Societies examines the turn in post-industrial societies towards a fear of cultural, racial or religious externality, adopting a ground-breaking analysis which considers 'insecurity' a constituent part of 'otherness', rather than something separate or following from it. By addressing the link between insecurity and otherness, this book sheds light on the contemporary cultures of fear and risk that have made possible the aggressive measures that followed the 2001 terrorist attacks in the US and which continue to dominate contemporary geopolitics. The result of particular socio-economic and political circumstances, a sense of fear in relation to the Other has emerged as a replacement for the social bond, as otherness and danger are increasingly associated with one another - a development that appears paradoxical in the modern, globalized world. Bringing together the latest research from scholars in the UK, Europe and Australia, Dangerous Others, Insecure Societies engages with diverse issues surrounding migration, authoritarianism and social exclusion to consider the implications of a culture of fear and exclusion for multicultural, globalized, networked societies. As such, it will appeal to sociologists, geographers, social anthropologists and political scientists concerned with questions of identity, citizenship, exclusion and belonging.

Fear & Memory in the Brazilian Army and Society, 1889-1954

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Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807853597
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (535 download)

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Book Synopsis Fear & Memory in the Brazilian Army and Society, 1889-1954 by : Shawn C. Smallman

Download or read book Fear & Memory in the Brazilian Army and Society, 1889-1954 written by Shawn C. Smallman and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smallman argues that through fear and censorship Brazil's military has sought to distort its record on racial politics, institutional corruption, and terror campaigns. Using newly available secret police reports, army records, and oral histories, he challenges conventional Brazilian history, which has typically reflected the military's own version of its role in national development.

Fear in Early Modern Society

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Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780719052057
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Fear in Early Modern Society by : William G. Naphy

Download or read book Fear in Early Modern Society written by William G. Naphy and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1997-11-15 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fear of fire, flood, plague, invasion by the infidel, purgatory, death, witchcraft - these are just some of the fears that plagued the early modern world which are dealt with in this fascinating well-integrated collection of essays, based on extensive and ground-breaking new research. Drawing on British and Continental examples, the volume explores the panoply of personal and communal tragedies which tormented and terrified both elite and popular communities in this period, and shows how they formed strategies for dealing both practically and psychologically with their fears; it tells of the creation of the first fire service in France, of dog-massacres in times of plague in England, and of flood emergency plans in Holland.

No Fear

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781903080085
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis No Fear by : Tim Gill

Download or read book No Fear written by Tim Gill and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debates the role and nature of childhood in the UK. Focusing on the crucial years of childhood between the ages of 5 and 11, this work examines some of the key issues with regard to children's safety: playground design and legislation, antisocial behavior, bullying, child protection, the fear of strangers, and online risks.

Fear and Crime in Latin America

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415522110
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis Fear and Crime in Latin America by : Lucía Dammert

Download or read book Fear and Crime in Latin America written by Lucía Dammert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feeling of insecurity is a little known phenomenon that has been only partially explored by social sciences. However, it has a deep social, cultural and economic impact and may even contribute to define the very structures of the state. In Latin America, fear of crime has become an important stumbling block in the region's process of democratization. Lucía Dammert proposes a unique theoretical perspective which includes a sociological, criminological and political analysis to understand fear of crime.

Culture of Fear

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Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 9780826459299
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (592 download)

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Book Synopsis Culture of Fear by : Frank Furedi

Download or read book Culture of Fear written by Frank Furedi and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2002-04-30 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fear has become an ever-expanding part of life in the West in the twenty-first century. We live in terror of disease, abuse, stranger danger, environmental devastation and terrorist onslaught. We are bombarded with reports of new concerns for our safety and that of our children, and urged to take greater precautions and seek more protection. But compared to the past, or to the developing world, people in contemporary Western societies have much less familiarity with pain, suffering, debilitating disease and death. We actually enjoy an unprecedented level of personal safety. When confronted with events like the destruction of the World Trade Center, fear for the future is inevitable. But what happened on September 11th, 2001 was in many ways an old fashioned act of terror, representing the destructive side of human passions. Frank Furedi argues that the greater danger in our culture is the tendency to fear achievements that represent a more constructive side of humanity. We panic about genetically engineered food, about genetic research, about the health dangers of mobile phones. The facts, however, often fail to support the scare stories about new or growing risks to our health and safety. Instead, it is our obsession with theoretical risks that is in danger of distracting us from dealing with the old-fashioned dangers that have always threatened our lives.

Historicizing Fear

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Publisher : University Press of Colorado
ISBN 13 : 1646420039
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (464 download)

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Book Synopsis Historicizing Fear by : Travis D. Boyce

Download or read book Historicizing Fear written by Travis D. Boyce and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historicizing Fear is a historical interrogation of the use of fear as a tool to vilify and persecute groups and individuals from a global perspective, offering an unflinching look at racism, fearful framing, oppression, and marginalization across human history.The book examines fear and Othering from a historical context, providing a better understanding of how power and oppression is used in the present day. Contributors ground their work in the theory of Othering—the reductive action of labeling a person as someone who belongs to a subordinate social category defined as the Other—in relation to historical events, demonstrating that fear of the Other is universal, timeless, and interconnected. Chapters address the music of neo-Nazi white power groups, fear perpetuated through the social construct of black masculinity in a racially hegemonic society, the terror and racial cleansing in early twentieth-century Arkansas, the fear of drug-addicted Vietnam War veterans, the creation of fear by the Tang Dynasty, and more. Timely, provocative, and rigorously researched, Historicizing Fear shows how the Othering of members of different ethnic groups has been used to propagate fear and social tension, justify state violence, and prevent groups or individuals from gaining equality. Broadening the context of how fear of the Other can be used as a propaganda tool, this book will be of interest to scholars and students of history, anthropology, political science, popular culture, critical race issues, social justice, and ethnic studies, as well as the general reader concerned with the fearful framing prevalent in politics. Contributors: Quaylan Allen, Melanie Armstrong, Brecht De Smet, Kirsten Dyck, Adam C. Fong, Jeff Johnson, Łukasz Kamieński, Guy Lancaster, Henry Santos Metcalf, Julie M. Powell, Jelle Versieren

How Fear Works

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472947711
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (729 download)

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Book Synopsis How Fear Works by : Frank Furedi

Download or read book How Fear Works written by Frank Furedi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frank Furedi returns to the theme of Fear in our society and culture. In 1997, Frank Furedi published a book called Culture of Fear. It was widely acclaimed as perceptive and prophetic. Now Furedi returns to his original theme, as most of what he predicted has come true. In How Fear Works, Furedi seeks to explain two interrelated themes: why has fear acquired such a morally commanding status in society today and how has the way we fear today changed from the way that it was experienced in the past? Furedi argues that one of the main drivers of the culture of fear is unravelling of moral authority. Fear appears to provide a provisional solution to moral uncertainty and is for that reason embraced by a variety of interests, parties and individuals. Furedi predicts that until society finds a more positive orientation towards uncertainty the politicisation of fear will flourish. Society is continually bombarded with the message that the threats it faces are incalculable and cannot be managed or contained. The ascendancy of this outlook has been paralleled by the cultivation of helplessness and passivity – all this has heightened people's sense of powerlessness and anxiety. As a consequence we are constantly searching for new forms of security, both physical and ontological. What are the drivers of fear, what is the role of the media in its promotion, and who actually benefits from this culture of fear? These are some of the issues Furedi tackles to explain the current predicament. He believes that through understanding how fear works, we can encourage attitudes that will help bring about a less fearful future.

Fear of Crime

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351520059
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Fear of Crime by : Dan A. Lewis

Download or read book Fear of Crime written by Dan A. Lewis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most studies of fear of crime assume that is rimarily induced by direct or indirect contact with a criminal event. Consequently programs designed to deal with this problem focus on either increased police protection or a number of crime prevention programs. In this study, Dan A. Lewis and Greta W. Salem raise questions both about the validity of these assumptions and the effectiveness of the programs. A five-year investigation has led the authors to challenge those theories that focus only on the psychological responses to victimizations and fail to take into account the social and political environments within which such fears are shaped and nurtured.Explicitly laying out a 'social control' perspective which informs their research and analysis, the authors examine the fear of crime in ten neighorhoods in Chicago, San Francisco, and Philadelphia which represent the range of communities typically found in urban areas. On the basis of their analysis the authors contend that fear of crime is not related to exposure or knowledge about criminal events alone but also stems from residents' concerns about broad changes taking place in their neighborhoods. Many people, they argue, are afraid not only because crime occurs but also because they believe that they have lost control over the environment in which they live.Lewis and Salem conclude that the eradication of fear of crime requires strategies that move beyond the traditional crime prevention programs to consider ways to restore the control that community residents feel they have lost and the possibilities for a more equitable distribution of security in urban areas.

The Fear Factor

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780965805704
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fear Factor by : Barry S. Philipp

Download or read book The Fear Factor written by Barry S. Philipp and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

American Islamophobia

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Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520970004
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis American Islamophobia by : Khaled A. Beydoun

Download or read book American Islamophobia written by Khaled A. Beydoun and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Forbes list of "10 Books To Help You Foster A More Diverse And Inclusive Workplace" How law, policy, and official state rhetoric have fueled the resurgence of Islamophobia—with a call to action on how to combat it. “I remember the four words that repeatedly scrolled across my mind after the first plane crashed into the World Trade Center in New York City. ‘Please don’t be Muslims, please don’t be Muslims.’ The four words I whispered to myself on 9/11 reverberated through the mind of every Muslim American that day and every day after.… Our fear, and the collective breath or brace for the hateful backlash that ensued, symbolize the existential tightrope that defines Muslim American identity today.” The term “Islamophobia” may be fairly new, but irrational fear and hatred of Islam and Muslims is anything but. Though many speak of Islamophobia’s roots in racism, have we considered how anti-Muslim rhetoric is rooted in our legal system? Using his unique lens as a critical race theorist and law professor, Khaled A. Beydoun captures the many ways in which law, policy, and official state rhetoric have fueled the frightening resurgence of Islamophobia in the United States. Beydoun charts its long and terrible history, from the plight of enslaved African Muslims in the antebellum South and the laws prohibiting Muslim immigrants from becoming citizens to the ways the war on terror assigns blame for any terrorist act to Islam and the myriad trials Muslim Americans face in the Trump era. He passionately argues that by failing to frame Islamophobia as a system of bigotry endorsed and emboldened by law and carried out by government actors, U.S. society ignores the injury it inflicts on both Muslims and non-Muslims. Through the stories of Muslim Americans who have experienced Islamophobia across various racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic lines, Beydoun shares how U.S. laws shatter lives, whether directly or inadvertently. And with an eye toward benefiting society as a whole, he recommends ways for Muslim Americans and their allies to build coalitions with other groups. Like no book before it, American Islamophobia offers a robust and genuine portrait of Muslim America then and now.

Cultures of Fear

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Publisher : Pluto Press
ISBN 13 : 9780745329659
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultures of Fear by : Uli Linke

Download or read book Cultures of Fear written by Uli Linke and published by Pluto Press. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Cultures of Fear, a truly world-class line up of scholars explore how governments use fear in order to control their citizens. The "social contract" gives modern states responsibility for the security of their citizens, but this collection argues that governments often nurture a culture of fear within their contries. When people are scared of "terrorist" threats, or "alarming rises" in violent crime they are more likely to accept oppressive laws from their rulers. Cultures of Fear is and interdisciplinary reader for students of anthropology and politics. Contributors include Noam Chomsky, Slavoj Zizek, Jean Baudrillard, Catharine MacKinnon, Neil Smith, Cynthia Enloe, David L. Altheide, Cynthia Cockburn and Carolyn Nordstrum.

Fear in Contemporary Society

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Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9781403973894
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Fear in Contemporary Society by : Vladimir Shlapentokh

Download or read book Fear in Contemporary Society written by Vladimir Shlapentokh and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2006-09-17 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary social science avoids the discussion of fear as a major element of social life and as a factor that shapes social order and the quality of life. The author wants to fill this lacuna. The fear of punishments for violating the laws imposed by the state and other social institutions, such as the family, public opinion, the church and others, are useful for the maintenance order in society. The author's views oppose the mainstream of American social science, which is hostile toward coercion and the state in general, and sees social order as based only on the allegiance of the individual to the dominant culture and self-regulation. Pointing to the flaws of these views, which are mostly based on the Lockean-Parsonian tradition, as well as on the postmodern perspective, the author proposes that the Hobbesian viewpoint be included in social analysis. He assumes that social order is shaped not only from "below," but also from "above" with the state as a positive agent.

The Nature of Fear

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674916484
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nature of Fear by : Daniel T. Blumstein

Download or read book The Nature of Fear written by Daniel T. Blumstein and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading expert in animal behavior takes us into the wild to better understand and manage our fears. Fear, honed by millions of years of natural selection, kept our ancestors alive. Whether by slithering away, curling up in a ball, or standing still in the presence of a predator, humans and other animals have evolved complex behaviors in order to survive the hazards the world presents. But, despite our evolutionary endurance, we still have much to learn about how to manage our response to danger. For more than thirty years, Daniel Blumstein has been studying animals’ fear responses. His observations lead to a firm conclusion: fear preserves security, but at great cost. A foraging flock of birds expends valuable energy by quickly taking flight when a raptor appears. And though the birds might successfully escape, they leave their food source behind. Giant clams protect their valuable tissue by retracting their mantles and closing their shells when a shadow passes overhead, but then they are unable to photosynthesize, losing the capacity to grow. Among humans, fear is often an understandable and justifiable response to sources of threat, but it can exact a high toll on health and productivity. Delving into the evolutionary origins and ecological contexts of fear across species, The Nature of Fear considers what we can learn from our fellow animals—from successes and failures. By observing how animals leverage alarm to their advantage, we can develop new strategies for facing risks without panic.

Landscapes of Fear

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Publisher : Pantheon
ISBN 13 : 0307819027
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Landscapes of Fear by : Yi-Fu Tuan

Download or read book Landscapes of Fear written by Yi-Fu Tuan and published by Pantheon. This book was released on 2013-01-02 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To be human is to experience fear, but what is it exactly that makes us fearful? Here is one geographer’s striking exploration of our landscapes of fear as they change throughout our lives and have changed throughout history. Yi-fu Tuan investigates landscapes of the natural environment which are threatening, and landscapes filled with the dark imageries of the mind; fears of drought, flood, famine, and disease, shared by all members of a community, and fears of the particular ghosts which haunt the individual imagination. In this lucidly-written, ground-breaking survey, Professor Tuan delves into many cultures and reaches back into our prehistory to discover what is universal and what is particular in our inheritance of fear. Starting with fear in animals, he raises and explores a variety of questions: What is specifically human about fear? Is there or has there ever been a “fearless” society? Professor Tuan examines the most specific forms fear takes in the mind of the child, among hunters and agriculturists, inside the walls of a medieval Chinese city, among Navaho Indians and American immigrants. He explores the ways in which authorities create landscapes of terror to instill fear in their own populations; and he probes that most basic of all contradictions between the need for human security and the fear of human nature. Professor Tuan particularly emphasizes how, in coping with fears of enemies, strangers, the insane, wolves, wind, witches, mountains, dragons, rain, or the terror that the universe itself might crumble, humans respond adventurously by creating “shelters,” ranging from fairy tales to cosmological myths. We watch as human beings continually draw and redraw their “circles of safety,” never feeling entirely at peace within them.