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Skilled Labor In Economic Development
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Book Synopsis Skilled Labor Mobility and Migration by : Elisabetta Gentile
Download or read book Skilled Labor Mobility and Migration written by Elisabetta Gentile and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the primary objectives of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), established in 2015, was to boost skilled labor mobility within the region. This insightful book takes stock of the existing trends and patterns of skilled labor migration in the ASEAN. It endeavors to identify the likely winners and losers from the free movement of natural persons within the region through counterfactual policy simulations. Finally, it discusses existing issues and obstacles through case studies, as well as other sectoral examples.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309440068 Total Pages :259 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-06-04 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skilled technical occupationsâ€"defined as occupations that require a high level of knowledge in a technical domain but do not require a bachelor's degree for entryâ€"are a key component of the U.S. economy. In response to globalization and advances in science and technology, American firms are demanding workers with greater proficiency in literacy and numeracy, as well as strong interpersonal, technical, and problem-solving skills. However, employer surveys and industry and government reports have raised concerns that the nation may not have an adequate supply of skilled technical workers to achieve its competitiveness and economic growth objectives. In response to the broader need for policy information and advice, Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce examines the coverage, effectiveness, flexibility, and coordination of the policies and various programs that prepare Americans for skilled technical jobs. This report provides action-oriented recommendations for improving the American system of technical education, training, and certification.
Book Synopsis Human Capital in History by : Leah Platt Boustan
Download or read book Human Capital in History written by Leah Platt Boustan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume honours the contributions Claudia Goldin has made to scholarship and teaching in economic history and labour economics. The chapters address some closely integrated issues: the role of human capital in the long-term development of the American economy, trends in fertility and marriage, and women's participation in economic change.
Book Synopsis Next Generation of Workforce Decelopment [sic] Project by : Martin Simon
Download or read book Next Generation of Workforce Decelopment [sic] Project written by Martin Simon and published by Employment & Training Administration. This book was released on 2005 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents research findings and analyses from papers on workforce development.
Book Synopsis Essays on Skilled Workers and Economic Development by : Chidozie Okoye
Download or read book Essays on Skilled Workers and Economic Development written by Chidozie Okoye and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three chapters on skilled workers and the roles they play in economic development. In the first chapter, I use an overlapping generations model of education choice and skilled migration to study conditions under which a low-skill economy can grow its skilled labor force in the presence of skilled emigration. This occurs when skill premiums are low, and there are individuals in the economy who can afford an education. The model is calibrated to data on 23 low and middle-income countries. For 22 of the 23 countries, any increase in the rate of skilled emigration leads to a net decline in the steady-state proportion of skilled workers. This is because increasing skilled emigration rates increases future expected benefits to skill, but leaves current schooling costs the same. So more people do not obtain an education because cost constraints are binding. I then provide empirical evidence that the cost of education is relatively high in developing countries, and that these costs are likely binding using information on the (un)availability of student loan programs. Poland is the only country which benefits from skilled emigration due to a combination of very low skill premiums and low costs of education. For brain drain to lead to a net increase in human capital, reducing education costs and relaxing credit constraints are important policy responses. The second chapter studies the effects of education policies emphasizing basic education at the expense of higher levels of education. Larger estimates of the wage returns to basic education compared to higher levels of education, after adjusting for public costs, are often cited as evidence of over-investment in higher education. These estimates have provided a justification for the shift of public funding towards basic education in many developing countries. This paper shows that these estimates are not reliable for education policy when productivity depends on the proportion of higher educated workers (a productivity externality), and higher educated workers are an input in the production of basic education (a human capital externality). A methodological contribution is describing how the productivity and human capital externalities could be separately identified. Using data on cross-country agricultural productivity gaps, and returns to education for immigrants in the U.S. by country of origin, I show that the productivity and human capital effects of higher educated workers are quantitatively important. The productivity and human capital effects are equal to, and in some cases greater than, the oft-cited difference between estimates of the public-cost-adjusted returns to basic and higher education. For most countries in the dataset, the externalities are large enough to rationalize observed education investments as optimal. The final chapter studies the relative productivities of skilled and unskilled workers across countries. I break down the cross-country ratio of the productivity of skilled to unskilled workers into two components: the human capital embodied in skilled workers, and the physical productivity of skilled and unskilled workers which reflect production techniques. I find that skilled workers from rich countries embody more human capital (compared to poor countries), and skilled workers in rich countries are also more physically productive. This is interpreted as skilled workers from high-income countries being of better quality, and firms in high-income countries adopting more technologies that are skilled-complementary. Furthermore, for most of the 49 countries in my dataset, I find their production techniques to be inappropriate; the estimated physical productivity of skilled workers, relative to the unskilled, is too low given the skilled-unskilled labour ratio. Most countries could increase output by increasing the physical productivity of skilled workers, and decreasing that of unskilled workers. I also find that poorer countries tend to be farther away from their appropriate technologies. I compute 7-fold and 4-fold increases in GDP-per-capita for countries in the 2 lowest income quartiles, just from increasing the relative physical productivity of skilled to unskilled workers. The results suggest large barriers to the adoption of skilled worker complementary technologies, and also present a rationale for why increases in schooling attainment have not led to growth in several countries.
Book Synopsis The Next Generation of Workforce Development Project: A Six-State Policy Academy to Enhance Connections Between Workforce and Economic Development Policy by :
Download or read book The Next Generation of Workforce Development Project: A Six-State Policy Academy to Enhance Connections Between Workforce and Economic Development Policy written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Learning how to Compete by : William F. Goosman
Download or read book Learning how to Compete written by William F. Goosman and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is part of the Investing in People Project, in which states worked to develop and implement work force preparation and training strategies to meet the challenge of a competitive global economy. The choices that states, firms, and individuals must make in order to enjoy a high standard of living are discussed. In order to achieve a high standard of living, states need to change their focus from "cheap" and "quick" job training to long-term educational changes that will ensure highly skilled workers and to persuading industries and companies to become high-performing competitors in the world marketplace. The three sections of this report discuss the following: (1) the new world economy and the realities of change, including the worldwide marketplace, changing products and technology, current state economic development strategies, and smart workers and smart businesses; (2) new realities and changing roles, such as new awareness of change and choices, new structures and helping industries themselves, and managing the transition; and (3) education, work force skills, and economic competitiveness, including the need to move businesses up the performance curve, smoothing the school-to-work transition, training the 75 percent of students who do not graduate from college, and job training for adult workers. Contains 24 references. (KC)
Book Synopsis Skilled Labor in Economic Development by : Salem Mohamed Moustafa
Download or read book Skilled Labor in Economic Development written by Salem Mohamed Moustafa and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High-Skilled Migration to the United States and Its Economic Consequences by : Gordon H. Hanson
Download or read book High-Skilled Migration to the United States and Its Economic Consequences written by Gordon H. Hanson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigration policy is one of the most contentious public policy issues in the United States today. High-skilled immigrants represent an increasing share of the U.S. workforce, particularly in science and engineering fields. These immigrants affect economic growth, patterns of trade, education choices, and the earnings of workers with different types of skills. The chapters in this volume go beyond the traditional question of how the inflow of foreign workers affects native employment and earnings to explore effects on innovation and productivity, wage inequality across skill groups, the behavior of multinational firms, firm-level dynamics of entry and exit, and the nature of comparative advantage across countries.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309444454 Total Pages :643 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Book Synopsis The Pursuit of Economic Development by : Todd M. Gabe
Download or read book The Pursuit of Economic Development written by Todd M. Gabe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the challenge of securing high-paying jobs for American workers. It examines the impacts of a wide range of state and local characteristics—such as low taxes, high-skilled workforce, reliance on manufacturing, and even nice weather—on the economic development of U.S. regions. The author provides a detailed account for each factor’s impact on the growth of good jobs. The research focuses on U.S. metropolitan areas and states, tracking employment and income change in these regions from 1990 to the near present. While providing numerous best principles for state and regional policy, the author uncovers the keys to supporting high-paying U.S. jobs in an important book that will prove invaluable to elected officials, economic development practitioners, and students interested in the pursuit of economic development.
Book Synopsis Does "Trickle Down" Work? by : Joseph Persky
Download or read book Does "Trickle Down" Work? written by Joseph Persky and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2004 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors explore a new framework for evaluating economic development projects. This framework is based on a job-chain approach. Each new job created by an economic development incentive is filled by an employee who leaves behind another job. In turn, that job may be filled by someone who leaves behind their old job, etc. Such job chains end when an unemployedworker, someone not previously in the labor force, or an in-migrant to the labor market takes a vacancy. Job chains are the mechanism for observing and measuring "trickle down". The job trains model developed in this book presents new insights into local economic development evaluation and strategy.
Book Synopsis Linking Education Policy to Labor Market Outcomes by : Tazeen Fasih
Download or read book Linking Education Policy to Labor Market Outcomes written by Tazeen Fasih and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-04-09 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Linking Education Policy to Labor Market Outcomes' examines current research and new evidence from Ghana and Pakistan representative of two of the poorest regions of the world to assess how education can increase income and help people move out of poverty. This study indicates that in addition to early investments in cognitive and noncognitive skills which produce a high return and lower the cost of later educational investment by making learning at later ages more efficient quality, efficiency, and linkages to the broader macro-economic context also matter. Education and relevant skills are still the key determinants of good labor market outcomes for individuals. However, education policies aimed at improving skills will have a limited effect on the incomes of that skilled workforce or on the performance of a national economy if other policies that increase the demand for these skills are not in place. For education to contribute to national economic growth, policies should aim at improving the quality of education by spending efficiently and by adapting the basic and postbasic curricula to develop the skills increasingly demanded on the global labor market, including critical thinking, problem solving, social behavior, and information technology.
Book Synopsis Labor Migration and Economic Growth by : Stanley L. Friedlander
Download or read book Labor Migration and Economic Growth written by Stanley L. Friedlander and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1965 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Puerto Rico. Thesis. Analysis of the effect of migration on economic development. Interaction of demographic aspects and economic growth. Disguised unemployment among rural workers and unskilled workers can be reduced through emigration. With less labour force but more skilled workers available, production and productivity increase, although unemployment remains high.
Book Synopsis Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Designing Local Skills Strategies by : OECD
Download or read book Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Designing Local Skills Strategies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-11-16 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing from a wide array of case studies, this book analyses best-practice local strategies for increasing workforce skills. And it also takes a close look at the opportunities and challenges presented by international migration.
Book Synopsis Skills for the Labor Market in Indonesia by : Emanuela Di Gropello
Download or read book Skills for the Labor Market in Indonesia written by Emanuela Di Gropello and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Indonesia, the past two decades have been a time of great progress but also massive transformations and abrupt setbacks. In this context, this book reviews the main characteristics of - and trends in - demand for skills in Indonesia. It seeks to document the existence of a possible skills mismatch between employer demands and the available supply, the contribution of the education and training sector to this mismatch, and possible measures to improve the education and training system's responsiveness to what the labor market and the economy need. In today's job market in Indonesia, there appears to be a premium on theoretical and practical knowledge of the job. While skills do not appear to be yet among the most important constraints for the economy, the situation is different for larger more export-oriented manufacturing firms. Subjective assessments of difficulties of matching needs with available skills provide evidence that skills are becoming an issue overall in Indonesia. The widest gaps across professional profiles are for English and computer skills followed by thinking and behavioral skills. Theoretical and practical knowledge of the job are also considered to be weak. There are important gaps in creativity, computing and some technical skills for young workers. English remains the largest gap. Five general skill related priorities can be highlighted for Indonesia. First, the country needs to improve skill measurement to get a fuller understanding of skill needs and gaps. Second, it is urgent for Indonesia to address the still unsatisfactory quality and relevance of its formal education, including higher education. Third, the country needs to set-up multiple pathways for skill development. Fourth, the country needs to develop an integrated approach to tackle skill development for youth. Fifth, Indonesia should also tackle labor market constraints which affect the skill matching process.
Author :Orville John McDiarmid Publisher :Baltimore : Published for the World Bank [by] the Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 13 : Total Pages :232 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Unskilled Labor for Development by : Orville John McDiarmid
Download or read book Unskilled Labor for Development written by Orville John McDiarmid and published by Baltimore : Published for the World Bank [by] the Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unskilled labor is one of the most abundant resources available in developing countries and one that is drawn on heavily to further their economic growth. The cost of this labor is therefore an important factor in the choice and design of development projects. But how can this cost be determined? If the labor market is working efficiently, and particularly if labor is fairly mobile and fully employed, the market wage can be used. When these conditions are lacking and a surplus of unskilled labor persists apart from seasonal fluctuations, the economic or shadow wage must be estimated using other criteria. This book attempts to minimize reservations regarding the accuracy of such economic pricing. In the past, the methods for assigning economic values to labor, particulary unskilled agricultural labor, have been somewhat crude and relevant only in limited geographical areas. The task is made more difficult because most of the empirical data used in the calculations are available only at the national level. A macro approach to economic pricing is therefore formulated in this book and applied to Taiwan and the Philippines. The numerical results confirm expectations, based on general labor market conditions in the two countries, and additional studies of Korea and Indonesia are included for comparison.
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