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Simulation Studies To Evaluate The Effect Of Fracture Closure On The Performance Of Fractured Reservoirs
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Book Synopsis Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Fractured Reservoirs by : K & A Energy Consultants
Download or read book Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Fractured Reservoirs written by K & A Energy Consultants and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Fractured Reservoirs ; Final Report by :
Download or read book Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Fractured Reservoirs ; Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A three-year research program to evaluate the effect of fracture closure on the recovery of oil and gas from naturally fractured reservoirs has been completed. The overall objectives of the study were to: (1) evaluate the reservoir conditions for which fracture closure is significant, and (2) evaluate innovative fluid injection techniques capable of maintaining pressure within the reservoir. The evaluations of reservoir performance were made by a modern dual porosity simulator, TETRAD. This simulator treats both porosity and permeability as functions of pore pressure. The Austin Chalk in the Pearsall Field in of South Texas was selected as the prototype fractured reservoir for this work. During the first year, simulations of vertical and horizontal well performance were made assuming that fracture permeability was insensitive to pressure change. Sensitivity runs indicated that the simulator was predicting the effects of critical reservoir parameters in a logical and consistent manner. The results confirmed that horizontal wells could increase both rate of oil recovery and total oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs. In the second year, the performance of the same vertical and horizontal wells was reevaluated with fracture permeability treated as a function of reservoir pressure. To investigate sensitivity to in situ stress, differing loading conditions were assumed. Simulated natural depletions confirm that pressure sensitive fractures degrade well performance. The severity of degradation worsens when the initial reservoir pressure approaches the average stress condition of the reservoir, such as occurs in over pressured reservoirs. Simulations with water injection indicate that degradation of permeability can be counteracted when reservoir pressure is maintained and oil recovery can be increased when reservoir properties are favorable.
Book Synopsis Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. Annual Report by :
Download or read book Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. Annual Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of a three-year research program to evaluate the effect of fracture closure on the recovery of oil and gas from naturally fractured reservoirs has been completed. The objectives of the study are to (1) evaluate the reservoir conditions where fracture closure is significant, and (2) evaluate innovative fluid injection techniques capable of maintaining pressure within the reservoir. Simulation studies were conducted with a dual porosity simulator capable of simulating the performance of vertical and horizontal wells. Each simulator was initialized using properties typical of the Austin Chalk reservoir in Pearsall Field, Texas. Simulations of both vertical and horizontal well performance were made assuming that fracture permeability was insensitive to pressure change. Sensitivity runs indicate that the simulator is predicting the effects of critical reservoir parameters in a logical and consistent manner. The results to-date confirm that horizontal wells can increase both oil recovery rate and total oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs. The year one simulation results will provide the baseline for the ongoing study which will evaluate the performance degradation caused by the sensitivity of fracture permeability to pressure change, and investigate fluid injection pressure maintenance as a means to improve oil recovery performance. The study is likely to conclude that fracture closure decreases oil recovery and that pressure support achieved through fluid injection could be beneficial in improving recovery.
Book Synopsis Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by :
Download or read book Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis List of BPO Publications by : Bartlesville Project Office
Download or read book List of BPO Publications written by Bartlesville Project Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Fractured Formations by : Louis H. Reiss
Download or read book The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Fractured Formations written by Louis H. Reiss and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 1980 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: 1. Introduction. 2. Production geology of fractured reservoirs. 3. Use of production data in fractured reservoirs. 4. Recovery mechanisms in fractured reservoirs. 5. Simulation of fractured reservoirs. 6. Application to the development and exploitation of fractured reservoirs. Appendices. Well logging in fractured reservoirs. Well performance and well tests in fractured reservoirs. Relationship between the fracture parameters. Compressibility of fractured reservoirs. Multiphase flow in fractured reservoirs. Mathematical simulation of fractured reservoirs. Bibliography. Index.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-06 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Comparative Study of Fishbones Technology and Hydraulic Fractures in a Tight Carbonate Reservoir Using EDFM by : David Orlando Lliteras Popoca
Download or read book A Comparative Study of Fishbones Technology and Hydraulic Fractures in a Tight Carbonate Reservoir Using EDFM written by David Orlando Lliteras Popoca and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oil and gas industry is among the world’s most capital-intensive sectors. Oil and gas companies are constantly innovating and in search of new technology to increase oil production of current and new field prospects. A recent multilateral stimulation technology, named Fishbones technology designed to improve reservoir stimulation, has gained attention in recent years aiming to boost hydrocarbon production. In addition to offering competitive price, target selectivity, productivity of fracturing and reduced operation time compared with hydraulic fractures, Fishbones technology has the advantage of keeping the flow laterals open, being unsusceptible to closure during production time. Here, we present the first reservoir-simulation studies to compare Fishbones technology to hydraulic fracture completions with the goal of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages and to provide practical recommendations before field implementation. Using a refined sector model extracted from a tight carbonate reservoir in onshore, Mexico, we build simulation models under a wide range of possibilities. The permeability of the reservoir is in the range 0.1-12 md and the studied field has 10 vertical wells that produce gas and condensate and 15 new prospective wells. We place the hydraulic fractures and fishbones laterals using an adaptation of the non-intrusive Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) method, originally developed to model conductive faults and fractures, in conjunction with a commercial reservoir simulator to evaluate the well performance and propose the best technical/economic option. We first validate our model against field data, including a registered 650% improvement in condensate rate after acid hydraulic-fracturing treatment. A sensitivity evaluation is performed by varying the reservoir properties, fishbones laterals geometry (length, deployed angle, lateral spacing), different hydraulic fracture geometries, additional parameters, and adding the field natural fracture network. Results show a slightly larger cumulative condensate production after utilizing 11 fishbones subs (44 fishbones laterals with 40-ft length and 1⁄2 inch diameter) compared to the implemented hydraulic fractures (226-ft length) in the already producing well. Fishbones laterals demonstrated a superior performance over a hydraulic fracture in reservoirs matrix permeability larger than 1 millidarcy, for well-connected natural fractures networks and in reservoirs with a defined water contact. Natural fractures orientation allows a greater number of laterals-fracture connections, increasing the fracture network and the cumulative hydrocarbon production. We determined it requires hydraulic fractures with at least 100 md-ft conductivity and 80 ft half-length to attain enhancement in production equivalent to that of the fishbone’s laterals. Such requirements in fractures are generally not maintained, because even if the initial conductivity is large, the fractures typically lose conductivity due to closure effects as the wells flow back and the pressure depletes. We explain that Fishbones technology provide considerably greater conductivity than hydraulic fractures, which is proven to be advantageous for long-term recovery. As the permeability of the reservoir decreases, however, the favorability of hydraulic fractures increases, owing to the increased contacted surface area, which becomes increasingly important at smaller permeability.Findings suggest an improved performance of hydraulic fractures in unfractured reservoirs, low reservoir anisotropy and in well-spacing larger than 1,000 ft. According to an extensive literature survey, we found no studies in the literature that assessed the Fishbones technology against hydraulic fracturing in presence of a natural fracture network. In our study, we provide recommendations on the advantages and disadvantages of the two completion techniques and the lessons learned from the application at a specific area of interest. The Fishbones technology scenario resulted in a more positive economic outcome, according to a deterministic net present value assessment, which may support the use of Fishbones technology in this new development field. The evolution and future implementation of this technology in the studied area will provide additional data to optimize both completions design and field development strategies
Book Synopsis Development of an Efficient Embedded Discrete Fracture Model for 3D Compositional Reservoir Simulation in Fractured Reservoirs by : Ali Moinfar
Download or read book Development of an Efficient Embedded Discrete Fracture Model for 3D Compositional Reservoir Simulation in Fractured Reservoirs written by Ali Moinfar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) hold a significant amount of the world's hydrocarbon reserves. Compared to conventional reservoirs, NFRs exhibit a higher degree of heterogeneity and complexity created by fractures. The importance of fractures in production of oil and gas is not limited to naturally fractured reservoirs. The economic exploitation of unconventional reservoirs, which is increasingly a major source of short- and long-term energy in the United States, hinges in part on effective stimulation of low-permeability rock through multi-stage hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells. Accurate modeling and simulation of fractured media is still challenging owing to permeability anisotropies and contrasts. Non-physical abstractions inherent in conventional dual porosity and dual permeability models make these methods inadequate for solving different fluid-flow problems in fractured reservoirs. Also, recent approaches for discrete fracture modeling may require large computational times and hence the oil industry has not widely used such approaches, even though they give more accurate representations of fractured reservoirs than dual continuum models. We developed an embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) for an in-house fully-implicit compositional reservoir simulator. EDFM borrows the dual-medium concept from conventional dual continuum models and also incorporates the effect of each fracture explicitly. In contrast to dual continuum models, fractures have arbitrary orientations and can be oblique or vertical, honoring the complexity and heterogeneity of a typical fractured reservoir. EDFM employs a structured grid to remediate challenges associated with unstructured gridding required for other discrete fracture models. Also, the EDFM approach can be easily incorporated in existing finite difference reservoir simulators. The accuracy of the EDFM approach was confirmed by comparing the results with analytical solutions and fine-grid, explicit-fracture simulations. Comparison of our results using the EDFM approach with fine-grid simulations showed that accurate results can be achieved using moderate grid refinements. This was further verified in a mesh sensitivity study that the EDFM approach with moderate grid refinement can obtain a converged solution. Hence, EDFM offers a computationally-efficient approach for simulating fluid flow in NFRs. Furthermore, several case studies presented in this study demonstrate the applicability, robustness, and efficiency of the EDFM approach for modeling fluid flow in fractured porous media. Another advantage of EDFM is its extensibility for various applications by incorporating different physics in the model. In order to examine the effect of pressure-dependent fracture properties on production, we incorporated the dynamic behavior of fractures into EDFM by employing empirical fracture deformation models. Our simulations showed that fracture deformation, caused by effective stress changes, substantially affects pressure depletion and hydrocarbon recovery. Based on the examples presented in this study, implementation of fracture geomechanical effects in EDFM did not degrade the computational performance of EDFM. Many unconventional reservoirs comprise well-developed natural fracture networks with multiple orientations and complex hydraulic fracture patterns suggested by microseismic data. We developed a coupled dual continuum and discrete fracture model to efficiently simulate production from these reservoirs. Large-scale hydraulic fractures were modeled explicitly using the EDFM approach and numerous small-scale natural fractures were modeled using a dual continuum approach. The transport parameters for dual continuum modeling of numerous natural fractures were derived by upscaling the EDFM equations. Comparison of the results using the coupled model with that of using the EDFM approach to represent all natural and hydraulic fractures explicitly showed that reasonably accurate results can be obtained at much lower computational cost by using the coupled approach with moderate grid refinements.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Post-acid Stimulation Impacts on Well Performance Using Fracture Modeling and Reservoir Simulation in a Jurassic Carbonate Reservoir by : Muaath Alansari
Download or read book Investigation of Post-acid Stimulation Impacts on Well Performance Using Fracture Modeling and Reservoir Simulation in a Jurassic Carbonate Reservoir written by Muaath Alansari and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Well stimulation (well fracturing) became an essential tool in the Oil and Gas industry to unlock the potential of unconventional reservoirs all over the world and especially in the Middle East. In Kuwait, well stimulation is obligatory when dealing with deep Jurassic carbonate reservoirs. Thus, the well fracture designing process plays a very critical role in determining the success of the stimulation job and the improvement of the recovery. Several wells stimulated with 20% HCL have shown wide variations in both short and long term well production performance. The research aims to investigate and identify the possible reasons causing these variations by creating an integrated workflow comprised of two modeling sections using actual field data. Fracture Modeling; to assess the fracturing operation and obtain the fracture geometry and conductivity using StimPlan software. Reservoir Simulation; to test the fracture design by the performance of the well using Petrel and Eclipse software. The iterative process in the workflow also gives the ability to tailor the design to reach the maximum potential of the well. Three major reasons are suspected to be behind the underperformance of the investigated well. First, human errors in planning and gathering the required data for the stimulation job. Second, the stress contrast between the layers allows the fracture to propagate vertically giving more fracture height than length. Third, the fracture orientation, which has a great effect on the long-term performance by allowing the induced fracture to intersect with the formation and the natural fractures"--Abstract, page iii.
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996-04 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling and Simulation of Fluid Flow in Naturally and Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs Using Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) by : Mahmood Shakiba
Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Fluid Flow in Naturally and Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs Using Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) written by Mahmood Shakiba and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling and simulation of fluid flow in subsurface fractured systems has been steadily a popular topic in petroleum industry. The huge potential hydrocarbon reserve in naturally and hydraulically fractured reservoirs has been a major stimulant for developments in this field. Although several models have found limited applications in studying fractured reservoirs, still more comprehensive models are required to be applied for practical purposes. A recently developed Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) incorporates the advantages of two of the well-known approaches, the dual continuum and the discrete fracture models, to investigate more complex fracture geometries. In EDFM, each fracture is embedded inside the matrix grid and is discretized by the cell boundaries. This approach introduces a robust methodology to represent the fracture planes explicitly in the computational domain. As part of this research, the EDFM was implemented in two of The University of Texas in-house reservoir simulators, UTCOMP and UTGEL. The modified reservoir simulators are capable of modeling and simulation of a broad range of reservoir engineering applications in naturally and hydraulically fractured reservoirs. To validate this work, comparisons were made against a fine-grid simulation and a semi-analytical solution. Also, the results were compared for more complicated fracture geometries with the results obtained from EDFM implementation in the GPAS reservoir simulator. In all the examples, good agreements were observed. To further illustrate the application and capabilities of UTCOMP- and UTGEL-EDFM, a few case studies were presented. First, a synthetic reservoir model with a network of fractures was considered to study the impact of well placement. It was shown that considering the configuration of background fracture networks can significantly improve the well placement design and also maximize the oil recovery. Then, the capillary imbibition effect was investigated for the same reservoir models to display its effect on incremental oil recovery. Furthermore, UTCOMP-EDFM was applied for hydraulic fracturing design where the performances of a simple and a complex fracture networks were evaluated in reservoirs with different rock matrix permeabilities. Accordingly, it was shown that a complex network is an ideal design for a very low permeability reservoir, while a simple network results in higher recovery when the reservoir permeability is moderate. Finally, UTGEL-EDFM was employed to optimize a conformance control process. Different injection timings and different gel concentrations were selected for water-flooding processes and their impact on oil recovery was evaluated henceforth.
Book Synopsis Hydraulic Fracture Modeling in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by : Kaustubh Shrivastava
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracture Modeling in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by Kaustubh Shrivastava and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells is one of the key technological breakthroughs that has led to the shale revolution. Hydraulic fracturing models are used to engineer hydraulic fracture design and optimize production. Typically, hydraulic fracturing models treat hydraulic fractures as planar, bi-wing fractures. However, recent core-through investigations have suggested that during hydraulic fracturing in naturally fractured reservoirs, complex hydraulic fracture geometries can be created due to the interaction of the growing hydraulic fracture with natural fractures. This limits the application of planar fracture models for optimizing hydraulic fracturing design in naturally fractured reservoirs. In this research, we present a novel three-dimensional displacement discontinuity method based hydraulic fracturing simulator that allows us to model hydraulic fracture growth in the presence of natural fractures along with proppant transport in an efficient manner. The model developed in this dissertation is used to investigate the interaction of a hydraulic fracture with natural fractures and study the transport of proppant in the resulting complex fracture networks. This investigation gives us novel insight into the influence of fracture geometry and stress interference on the final distribution of proppant in fracture networks. Based on this investigation, suggestions are made to improve proppant transport in complex fracture networks. In order to correctly capture the effect of natural fractures on fracture growth, knowledge about the distribution of natural fractures in the reservoir is imperative. Typically, little is known about the in-situ natural fracture distribution, as direct observation of the reservoir is not possible. A novel technique of synthetic coring is developed to create a discrete fracture network (DFN) from core data, and it is used to create a DFN based on the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site #1 data. Hydraulic fracture propagation is modeled in the created DFN, and the results are compared with field observations. As the reservoir may contain thousands of natural fractures, simulations in a realistic DFN can be computationally very expensive. In order to reduce the computational requirements of the simulator, we present a novel predictor step based on the local linearization method that provides a better initial guess for solving the fluid-solid interaction problem. This is shown to reduce computational time significantly. A novel technique, Extended Adaptive Integral Method, to speed up the simulator is developed. The method uses an effective medium to represent the interaction between displacement discontinuity elements and reduces the order of complexity of solving the geomechanical system of equations from O(N2) to O(NlogN). The novel formulation of this method is presented, and sensitivity studies are conducted to show the improvement in computational efficiency
Book Synopsis Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation by : Kamy Sepehrnoori
Download or read book Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation written by Kamy Sepehrnoori and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of naturally fractured reservoirs, especially shale gas and tight oil reservoirs, exploded in recent years due to advanced drilling and fracturing techniques. However, complex fracture geometries such as irregular fracture networks and non-planar fractures are often generated, especially in the presence of natural fractures. Accurate modelling of production from reservoirs with such geometries is challenging. Therefore, Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation demonstrates how production from reservoirs with complex fracture geometries can be modelled efficiently and effectively. This volume presents a conventional numerical model to handle simple and complex fractures using local grid refinement (LGR) and unstructured gridding. Moreover, it introduces an Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) to efficiently deal with complex fractures by dividing the fractures into segments using matrix cell boundaries and creating non-neighboring connections (NNCs). A basic EDFM approach using Cartesian grids and advanced EDFM approach using Corner point and unstructured grids will be covered. Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation is an essential reference for anyone interested in performing reservoir simulation of conventional and unconventional fractured reservoirs. - Highlights the current state-of-the-art in reservoir simulation of unconventional reservoirs - Offers understanding of the impacts of key reservoir properties and complex fractures on well performance - Provides case studies to show how to use the EDFM method for different needs
Book Synopsis Hydraulic Fracture Modeling by : Yu-Shu Wu
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracture Modeling written by Yu-Shu Wu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracture Modeling delivers all the pertinent technology and solutions in one product to become the go-to source for petroleum and reservoir engineers. Providing tools and approaches, this multi-contributed reference presents current and upcoming developments for modeling rock fracturing including their limitations and problem-solving applications. Fractures are common in oil and gas reservoir formations, and with the ongoing increase in development of unconventional reservoirs, more petroleum engineers today need to know the latest technology surrounding hydraulic fracturing technology such as fracture rock modeling. There is tremendous research in the area but not all located in one place. Covering two types of modeling technologies, various effective fracturing approaches and model applications for fracturing, the book equips today's petroleum engineer with an all-inclusive product to characterize and optimize today's more complex reservoirs. - Offers understanding of the details surrounding fracturing and fracture modeling technology, including theories and quantitative methods - Provides academic and practical perspective from multiple contributors at the forefront of hydraulic fracturing and rock mechanics - Provides today's petroleum engineer with model validation tools backed by real-world case studies
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling for Identification of Closure Pressure from Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests by : Hojung Jung
Download or read book Numerical Modeling for Identification of Closure Pressure from Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests written by Hojung Jung and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFIT) are used to estimate the magnitude of the minimum principal stress, which is assumed to be equal to fluid pressure at the moment of fracture closure. A small volume of water is injected into formation to create a fracture, the well is shut in, and eventually the fracture closes. The pressure during shut-in can be analyzed by several pressure transient methods to pick the time of fracture closure. Pressure at that time is taken to be the fracture closure pressure. In this study, DFIT simulations are performed with a fully numerical hydraulic fracturing simulator. Sensitivity analysis is done to investigate how reservoir parameters such as fracture toughness, permeability, fracture stiffness, and the magnitude of the minimum principal stress impact the DFIT pressure transient. Based on these insights, we use the simulator to match a DFIT pressure transient from a low permeability formation. We analyze the field data with conventional methods for picking closure. The simulation matches suggest that the conventional methods can underestimate the closure pressure in low permeability formations. Based on our results, we propose a new method for picking fracture closure based on the evolution of fracture compliance during closure. Our simulations provide insight into how the fracture compliance impacts to pressure transient. Assuming the closure pressure from our simulations matches to the data are correct, our proposed method picks the correct closure point. This study includes simulation matches to the field data with simulations that use complicated fracture geometry, which may be realistic in some formations. The multiple fractures cases have similar pressure transients and similar reservoir parameters as the single hydraulic fracture simulations, indicating that network complexity will not necessarily be evident from the pressure transient. In the future, DFIT simulations with more complex fracture geometries will be conducted to understand how fracture geometry affects the DFIT pressure transient.
Book Synopsis Geologic Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by : Ronald A. Nelson
Download or read book Geologic Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by Ronald A. Nelson and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1985 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
