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Author : S.A. FRANK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Sex allocation theory for birds and mammals written by S.A. FRANK and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kristen J. Navara
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319712713
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Choosing Sexes written by Kristen J. Navara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is extensive evidence that vertebrates of all classes have the ability to control the sexes of the offspring they produce. Despite dramatic differences in the mechanisms by which different taxa determine the initial sex of offspring, each group has found its own way of adjusting offspring sex ratios in response to social and environmental cues. For example, stress is a well-known modulator of offspring sex in members of all groups studied to date. Food availability, and limitation in particular, is another common cue that stimulates biases in offspring sex ratios in a wide variety of species. Offspring sex can be adjusted at the primary level, which occurs prior to conception, or at the secondary level, during embryonic development. While the mechanistic pathways that ultimately result in sex ratio biases and the developmental time-points sensitive to those mechanisms likely differ among taxa, the key involvement of steroid hormones in the process of sex ratio adjustment appears to be pervasive throughout. This book reviews the systems of sex determination at play in different vertebrate groups, summarizes the evidence that members of all vertebrate taxa can facultatively adjust offspring sex, and discusses when and how these adjustments can take place.
Author : Stuart West
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400832012
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Sex Allocation written by Stuart West and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-28 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent decades have witnessed an explosion of theoretical and empirical studies of sex allocation, transforming how we understand the allocation of resources to male and female reproduction in vertebrates, invertebrates, protozoa, and plants. In this landmark book, Stuart West synthesizes the vast literature on sex allocation, providing the conceptual framework the field has been lacking and demonstrating how sex-allocation studies can shed light on broader questions in evolutionary and behavioral biology. West clarifies fundamental misconceptions in the application of theory to empirical data. He examines the field's successes and failures, and describes the research areas where much important work is yet to be done. West reveals how a shared underlying theoretical framework unites findings of sex-ratio variation across a huge range of life forms, from malarial parasites and hermaphroditic worms to sex-changing fish and mammals. He shows how research on sex allocation has been central to many critical questions and controversies in evolutionary and behavioral biology, and he argues that sex-allocation research serves as a key testing ground for different theoretical approaches and can help resolve debates about social evolution, parent-offspring conflict, genomic conflict, and levels of selection. Certain to become the defining book on the subject for the next generation of researchers, Sex Allocation explains why the study of sex allocation provides an ideal model system for advancing our understanding of the constraints on adaptation among all living things in the natural world.
Author : Eric L. Charnov
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691210055
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)
Download or read book The Theory of Sex Allocation. (MPB-18), Volume 18 written by Eric L. Charnov and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive treatment of sex allocation from the standpoint of modern evolutionary theory. It shows how the determination of sex ratio, resource allocation to sperm versus egg within simultaneous hermaphroditism, and the evolution of sex reversal can he explained as examples of a single process. The genetical theory, developed mostly with graphical arguments, also specifies when hermaphroditism and dioecy are themselves evolutionary stable. The work balances theory with field and laboratory research, providing critical tests of the theory by empirical studies of sex ratio in parasitoid wasps and mites, sex reversal in shrimp and coral reef fish, and allocation of resources to pollen versus seeds in higher plants. In addition, the author oilers an encyclopedic review of the field and laboratory work of other scientists, reviews many as yet untested hypotheses in sex allocation, and points toward numerous plant and animal systems that hold promise for future tests.
Author : Ian Hardy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780511069932
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (699 download)
Download or read book Sex Ratios written by Ian Hardy and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex ratios, the proportions of males and females in any given species, are important in evolutionary and behavioural ecology. This volume explores the context to and methods for many aspects of research on sex ratios, and will be an indispensable reference for all those working in this area.
Author : O. M. Watson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Experiments with Poultry written by O. M. Watson and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Johan J. Bolhuis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119109507
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)
Download or read book The Behavior of Animals written by Johan J. Bolhuis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-29 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Behavior of Animals An updated view of animal behavior studies, featuring global experts The Behavior of Animals, Second Edition provides a broad overview of the current state of animal behavior studies with contributions from international experts. This edition includes new chapters on hormones and behavior, individuality, and human evolution. All chapters have been thoroughly revised and updated, and are supported by color illustrations, informative callouts, and accessible presentation of technical information. Provides an introduction to the study of animal behavior Looks at an extensive scope of topics- from perception, motivation and emotion, biological rhythms, and animal learning to animal cognition, communication, mate choice, and individuality. Explores the evolution of animal behavior including a critical evaluation of the assumption that human beings can be studied as if they were any other animal species. Students will benefit from an updated textbook in which a variety of contributors provide their expertise and global perspective in specialized areas
Author : Andrew Timothy Kahn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)
Download or read book Let's Talk about Sex written by Andrew Timothy Kahn and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For eukaryote species, sex is the path to reproductive success. But sex raises quite a few problems: Who am I going to mate with? How many sons and daughters should we produce? Who's going to look after the babies? Here I present a collection of self-contained studies addressing these and similar questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments as well as theoretical modelling. Chapter 1 introduces sexual selection, sex allocation and parental care. Chapter 2 investigates temporal shifts in female and male mate preferences in the fiddler crab Uca mjoebergi. Using field mate choice experiments with robotic males, we demonstrated that female preferences for male size shift from large to small across the tidal cycle. This presumably occurs due to temporal constraints on female reproductive timing and incubation temperature. Males also adjusted their courtship levels in concert with this shift in female preferences. This is the first time that temporal shifts in both female and male mate preferences have been demonstrated. Chapter 3 examines female preferences for male signal timing in U. mjoebergi. We found that leading claw waves have an attractiveness advantage. This corroborates previous findings suggesting that wave synchrony occurs as an epiphenomenon of male competition. We also found that males waving in complete alternation with a synchronised group were as attractive as those producing leading waves. We discuss a simple sensory process that could lead to such preferences. Chapter 4 explores the effect of early life nutrition on male adult attractiveness in the mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki. We found that females preferred to associate with males given a better start to life than males who had suffered a period of early life nutritional restriction, even when they were of similar size. This suggests that females use cues other than final body size to assess the growth history of potential mates. Chapter 5 provides evidence that G. holbrooki populations display an asymmetrical pattern of sex-specific generational overlap. We produced a model of sex allocation for these populations. We found a perfect rank-order correlation between observed sex allocation and theoretical predictions, with stronger biases observed as female generational overlap increased. This is the first evidence that sex allocation theory accounts for cases when mating opportunities vary predictably over time. Chapter 6 considers the effect of sex-specific mortality during the period of parental care on sex allocation via the production of formal models. We confirm that biased production of the sex with higher mortality during care is favoured. Crucially, we show that this is only true when juvenile mortality in the period of parental care frees up resources for their current/future siblings. Chapter 7 presents a model showing that, when males limit cuckoldry by guarding eggs post-mating (thereby improving egg survival), paternity protection can kick-start the evolution of male-only parental care. But only from an initial scenario of no parental care. This fits well with data from fishes, where male-only care is associated with external fertilization, whilst female-only care almost always evolves after internal fertilization arises.
Author : James J. Bull
Publisher : Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms written by James J. Bull and published by Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company. This book was released on 1983 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.
Author : Alan F. Dixson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108426182
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Mammalian Sexuality written by Alan F. Dixson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first detailed account of post-copulatory sexual selection and the evolution of reproduction in mammals.
Author : Neil G. Bennett
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323158250
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Sex Selection of Children written by Neil G. Bennett and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex Selection of Children explores the strategies used to control the sex of children, the conditions under which a couple would employ a given technique, and the technology to achieve their desired family composition. It also considers the social consequences of sex-selection techniques, the legal factors that might impinge on the use of such a technology, and the ethical considerations associated with its use. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of some of the more humorous past approaches to sex selection. It then discusses the effects of sex selection on fertility, sex selection by means of amniocentesis and selective abortion, and the theorized link between the timing of fertilization and the sex ratio of offspring. A chapter considers a decision-making model that describes the use of sex-selection techniques by couples who wish to have a specific number of children over their entire childbearing period, while another chapter analyzes the economics of sex preference and selection. The remaining chapters address the parental preferences about the sexes of their offspring in different societies, the legal aspects of prenatal sex selection, a moral policy for sex choice, and the ethics and public policy on sex choice. This book is a valuable resource for specialists involved in fields ranging from sociology and economics to biology, public health, law, and ethics.
Author : Malte Andersson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691207275
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)
Download or read book Sexual Selection written by Malte Andersson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bright colors, enlarged fins, feather plumes, song, horns, antlers, and tusks are often highly sex dimorphic. Why have males in many animals evolved more conspicuous ornaments, signals, and weapons than females? How can such traits evolve although they may reduce male survival? Such questions prompted Darwin's perhaps most scientifically controversial idea--the theory of sexual selection. It still challenges researchers today as they try to understand how competition for mates can favor the variety of sex-dimorphic traits. Reviewing theoretical and empirical work in this very active field, Malte Andersson, a leading contributor himself, provides a major up-to-date synthesis of sexual selection. The author describes the theory and its recent development; examines models, methods, and empirical tests; and identifies many unsolved problems. Among the topics discussed are the selection and evolution of mating preferences; relations between sexual selection and speciation; constraints on sexual selection; and sex differences in signals, body size, and weapons. The rapidly growing study of sexual selection in plants is also reviewed. This volume will interest students, teachers, and researchers in behavioral ecology and evolutionary biology.
Author : Marco Apollonio
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810242602
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Vertebrate Mating Systems written by Marco Apollonio and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the relationship of mating systems with other aspects of vertebrate biology. It presents many stimulating new perspectives and ideas on mating systems studies. While many of the authors present some of their own research, in all cases they underline the general relevance of their work and speculate on future directions of scientific inquiry.
Author : Jianqing Jiang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Testing Sex Allocation Theories in a Cooperatively Rearing Bird written by Jianqing Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008045416X
Total Pages : 639 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book The Laboratory Primate written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-09-19 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the Handbook of Experimental Animals series, The Laboratory Primate details the past and present use of primates in biomedical research, and the husbandry, nutritional requirements, behaviour, and breeding of each of the commonly used species. Practical information on regulatory requirements, not available in other texts, is covered. Sections on experimental models cover the major areas of biomedical research, including AIDS, cancer, neurobiology and gene therapy. Assisted reproductive technology, tissue typing, and minimum group sizes for infectious disease/vaccine studies are also included. - Two-color, user-friendly format, with copious illustrations and color plates - Includes detailed, well-illustrated sections on gross & microscopic anatomy, common diseases, and special procedures, including surgical techniques
Author : Glenn Hausfater
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351512617
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)
Download or read book Infanticide written by Glenn Hausfater and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent field studies of a variety of mammalian species reveal a surprisingly high frequency of infanticide - the killing of unweaned or otherwise maternally dependent offspring. Similarly, studies of birds, fish, amphibians, and invertebrates demonstrate egg and larval mortality in these species, a phenomenon directly analogous to infanticide in mammals. In this collection, Hausfater and Hrdy draw together work on animal and human infanticide and place these studies in a broad evolutionary and comparative perspective.Infanticide presents the theoretical background and taxonomic distribution of infanticide, infanticide in nonhuman primates, infanticide in rodents, and infanticide in humans. It examines closely sex allocation and sex ratio theory, surveys the phylogeny of mammalian interbirth intervals, and reviews data on sources of egg and larval mortality in a variety of invertebrate and lower vertebrate species. Dealing with infanticide in nonhuman primates, two chapters critically examine data on infanticide in langurs and its broader theoretical implications. By reviewing sources of infant mortality in populations of small mammals and new laboratory analyses of the causes and consequences of infanticide, this work explores such issues as the ontogeny of infanticide, proximate cues of infants and females which elicit infanticidal behavior in males, the genetical basis of infanticide, and the hormonal determinants.Hausfater and Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, through their selection of materials for this book, evaluate the frequency, causes, and function of infanticide. Historical, ethnographic, and recent data on infanticide are surveyed. "Infanticide" summarizes current research on the evolutionary origins and proximate causation of infanticide in animals and man. As such it will be indispensable reading for anthropologists and behavioral biologists as well as ecologists, psychologists, demographers, and epidemiologists.
