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Setting Research Priorities
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Book Synopsis People-Plant Relationships by : Raymond P Poincelot
Download or read book People-Plant Relationships written by Raymond P Poincelot and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest research on cross-cultural people-plant relationships, this volume conveys the psychological, physiological, and social responses to plants and the significant role these responses play in improved physical and mental health. With chapters written by field experts, it identifies research priorities and methodologies and outlines the steps for developing a research agenda to aid horticulturalists in their work with social scientists to gain a better understanding of people-plant relationships. This resource covers a wide array of topics including home horticulture and Lyme disease, indoor plants and pollution reduction, and plants and therapy.
Book Synopsis Environmentally Significant Consumption by : National Research Council
Download or read book Environmentally Significant Consumption written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-07-09 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been much polemic about affluence, consumption, and the global environment. For some observers, "consumption" is at the root of global environmental threats: wealthy individuals and societies use far too much of the earth's resource base and should scale back their appetites to preserve the environment for future generations and allow a decent life for the rest of the world. Other observers see affluence as the way to escape environmental threats: economic development increases public pressure for environmental protection and makes capital available for environmentally benign technologies. The arguments are fed by conflicting beliefs, values, hopes, and fearsâ€"but surprisingly little scientific analysis. This book demonstrates that the relationship of consumption to the environment needs careful analysis by environmental and social scientists and conveys some of the excitement of treating the issue scientifically. It poses the key empirical questions: Which kinds of consumption are environmentally significant? Which actors are responsible for that consumption? What forces cause or explain environmentally significant consumption? How can it be changed? The book presents studies that open up important issues for empirical study: Are there any signs of saturation in the demand for travel in wealthy countries? What is the relationship between environmental consumption and human well-being? To what extent do people in developing countries emulate American consumption styles? The book also suggests broad strategies that scientists and research sponsors can use to better inform future debates about the environment, development, and consumption.
Book Synopsis Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-11-14 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical research presents health care providers with information on the natural history and clinical presentations of disease as well as diagnostic and treatment options. In today's healthcare system, patients, physicians, clinicians and family caregivers often lack the sufficient scientific data and evidence they need to determine the best course of treatment for the patients' medical conditions. Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research(CER) is designed to fill this knowledge gap by assisting patients and healthcare providers across diverse settings in making more informed decisions. In this 2009 report, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization establishes a working definition of CER, develops a priority list of research topics, and identifies the necessary requirements to support a robust and sustainable CER enterprise. As part of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Congress appropriated $1.1 billion in federal support of CER, reflecting legislators' belief that better decisions about the use of health care could improve the public's health and reduce the cost of care. The Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization was successful in preparing a list 100 top priority CER topics and 10 recommendations for best practices in the field.
Author :National Research Council and Institute of Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309054974 Total Pages :500 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Improving Schooling for Language-Minority Children by : National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Improving Schooling for Language-Minority Children written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-05-16 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we effectively teach children from homes in which a language other than English is spoken? In Improving Schooling for Language-Minority Children, a committee of experts focuses on this central question, striving toward the construction of a strong and credible knowledge base to inform the activities of those who educate children as well as those who fund and conduct research. The book reviews a broad range of studiesâ€"from basic ones on language, literacy, and learning to others in educational settings. The committee proposes a research agenda that responds to issues of policy and practice yet maintains scientific integrity. This comprehensive volume provides perspective on the history of bilingual education in the United States; summarizes relevant research on development of a second language, literacy, and content knowledge; reviews past evaluation studies; explores what we know about effective schools and classrooms for these children; examines research on the education of teachers of culturally and linguistically diverse students; critically reviews the system for the collection of education statistics as it relates to this student population; and recommends changes in the infrastructure that supports research on these students.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309450047 Total Pages :165 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Review Process by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Evaluation of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Review Process written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medical research landscape in the United States is supported by a variety of organizations that spend billions of dollars in government and private funds each year to seek answers to complex medical and public health problems. The largest government funder is the National Institutes of Health (NIH), followed by the Department of Defense (DoD). Almost half of DoD's medical research funding is administered by the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP). The mission of CDMRP is to foster innovative approaches to medical research in response to the needs of its stakeholdersâ€"the U.S. military, their families, the American public, and Congress. CDMRP funds medical research to be performed by other government and nongovernmental organizations, but it does not conduct research itself. The major focus of CDMRP funded research is the improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, injuries, or conditions that affect service members and their families, and the general public. The hallmarks of CDMRP include reviewing applications for research funding using a two-tiered review process, and involving consumers throughout the process. Evaluation of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Review Process evaluates the CDMRP two-tiered peer review process, its coordination of research priorities with NIH and the Department of Veterans Affairs, and provides recommendations on how the process for reviewing and selecting studies can be improved.
Author :Committee on Research, Development, and Institutional Strengthening for Control of Cardiovascular Diseases in Developing Countries Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309592070 Total Pages :71 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Control of Cardiovascular Diseases in Developing Countries by : Committee on Research, Development, and Institutional Strengthening for Control of Cardiovascular Diseases in Developing Countries
Download or read book Control of Cardiovascular Diseases in Developing Countries written by Committee on Research, Development, and Institutional Strengthening for Control of Cardiovascular Diseases in Developing Countries and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-10-13 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing in epidemic proportions in developing countries. CVD already accounts for almost 10 percent of the developing world's burden of disease and is likely to become the developing world's leading cause of death. There is reason for hope, however, given that huge potential exists for applying R&D to control this emerging epidemic--both in creating powerful new interventions such as vaccines and dietary supplements and in guiding behavior. In addition, a considerable body of evidence suggests that current risk-factor prevention programs and low-cost case management of CVD offer feasible, cost-effective ways to reduce CVD mortality and disability in developing country populations. Large-scale CVD control efforts are lacking, however, and thus governments and individuals are left to make choices about health and health care services without the benefit of appropriate knowledge. This report was designed to promote a policy dialogue on CVD based on informed knowledge of R&D opportunities that offer effective, affordable, and widely applicable responses in developing countries. The report examines (a) the emerging burden of CVD in developing countries, (b) the future worldwide burden of CVD, (c) current prevention and treatment of CVD in developing countries, (d) R&D to support CVD control, (e) opportunities and priorities for R&D, and the need for institutional arrangements for collaboration in facing the epidemic.
Book Synopsis Scientific Opportunities and Public Needs by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Scientific Opportunities and Public Needs written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-07-30 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the single largest funder of health research in the United States, and research it has supported has been pivotal to the explosion of biomedical knowledge over the past century. As NIH's success has grown, so has pressure from advocacy groups and other members of the public to devote more spending to their health concerns. In response to a request from Congress, this IOM study reviewed NIH's research priority-setting process and made recommendations for possible improvement. The committee considered the: Factors and criteria used by NIH to make funding allocations. Process by which the funding decisions are made. Mechanisms for public input. Impact of congressional statutory directives on funding decisions. Among other recommendations, the book recommends that NIH seek broader public input on decisions about how to spend its nearly $14 billion budget; it also urged the agency to create new Offices of Public Liaison in the Office of the Director and in each of the 21 research institutes to allow interested people to formally take part in the process.
Book Synopsis A Research Agenda for Geographic Information Science at the United States Geological Survey by : National Research Council
Download or read book A Research Agenda for Geographic Information Science at the United States Geological Survey written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-26 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and authoritative baseline geospatial data content is crucial to the nation and to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The USGS founded its Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS) in 2006 to develop and distribute national geospatial data assets in a fast-moving information technology environment. In order to fulfill this mission, the USGS asked the National Research Council to assess current GIScience capabilities at the USGS, identify current and future needs for GIScience capabilities, recommend strategies for strengthening these capabilities and for collaborating with others to maximize research productivity, and make recommendations regarding the most effective research areas for CEGIS to pursue. With an initial focus on improving the capabilities of The National Map, the report recommends three priority research areas for CEGIS: information access and dissemination, data integration, and data models, and further identifies research topics within these areas that CEGIS should pursue. To address these research topics, CEGIS needs a sustainable research management process that involves a portfolio of collaborative research that balances short and long term goals.
Book Synopsis Setting Priorities for Clinical Practice Guidelines by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Setting Priorities for Clinical Practice Guidelines written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-02 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines methods for selecting topics and setting priorities for clinical practice guideline development and implementation. Clinical practice guidelines are "systematically defined statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances." In its assessment of processes for setting priorities, the committee considers the principles of consistency with the organization's mission, implementation feasibility, efficiency, utility of the results to the organization, and openness and defensibilityâ€"a principle that is especially important to public agencies. The volume also examines the implications of health care restructuring for priority setting and topic selection, including the link between national and local approaches to guidelines development.
Book Synopsis Setting Priorities for Large Research Facility Projects Supported by the National Science Foundation by : National Research Council
Download or read book Setting Priorities for Large Research Facility Projects Supported by the National Science Foundation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-15 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1995, the National Science Foundation (NSF) created a special account to fund large (several tens of millions of dollars) research facilities. Over the years, these facilities have come to represent an increasingly prominent part of the nation's R&D portfolio. Recently concern has intensified about the way NSF is selecting projects for this account. In 2003, six U.S. Senators including the chair and ranking member of the Senate Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Appropriations expressed these concerns in a letter to the NRC asking it to "review the current prioritization process and report to us on how it can be improved." This report presents a series of recommendations on how NSF can improve its priority setting process for large research facilities. While noting that NSF has improved this process, the report states that further strengthening is needed if NSF is to meet future demands for such projects.
Book Synopsis A systematic approach for undertaking a research priority-setting exercise. Guidance for WHO staff by :
Download or read book A systematic approach for undertaking a research priority-setting exercise. Guidance for WHO staff written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Setting research priorities for agronomic research: A case study for wheat in Chalco, Mexico by : M. A. Bell
Download or read book Setting research priorities for agronomic research: A case study for wheat in Chalco, Mexico written by M. A. Bell and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1994 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chili (Capsicum spp.) Food Chain Analysis: Setting Research Priorities in Asia by : Mubarik Ali
Download or read book Chili (Capsicum spp.) Food Chain Analysis: Setting Research Priorities in Asia written by Mubarik Ali and published by AVRDC-WorldVegetableCenter. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Future of Nursing by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book The Future of Nursing written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-08 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of Nursing explores how nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education should change significantly to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in America's increasingly complex health system. At more than 3 million in number, nurses make up the single largest segment of the health care work force. They also spend the greatest amount of time in delivering patient care as a profession. Nurses therefore have valuable insights and unique abilities to contribute as partners with other health care professionals in improving the quality and safety of care as envisioned in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted this year. Nurses should be fully engaged with other health professionals and assume leadership roles in redesigning care in the United States. To ensure its members are well-prepared, the profession should institute residency training for nurses, increase the percentage of nurses who attain a bachelor's degree to 80 percent by 2020, and double the number who pursue doctorates. Furthermore, regulatory and institutional obstacles-including limits on nurses' scope of practice-should be removed so that the health system can reap the full benefit of nurses' training, skills, and knowledge in patient care. In this book, the Institute of Medicine makes recommendations for an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing.
Book Synopsis Priority Areas for National Action by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Priority Areas for National Action written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-10 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new release in the Quality Chasm Series, Priority Areas for National Action recommends a set of 20 priority areas that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and other groups in the public and private sectors should focus on to improve the quality of health care delivered to all Americans. The priority areas selected represent the entire spectrum of health care from preventive care to end of life care. They also touch on all age groups, health care settings and health care providers. Collective action in these areas could help transform the entire health care system. In addition, the report identifies criteria and delineates a process that DHHS may adopt to determine future priority areas.
Book Synopsis Setting Smalltown Research Priorities by : Beverly A. Cigler
Download or read book Setting Smalltown Research Priorities written by Beverly A. Cigler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780309495035 Total Pages : pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Download or read book Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the largest generation in U.S. history - the population born in the two decades immediately following World War II - enters the age of risk for cognitive impairment, growing numbers of people will experience dementia (including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias). By one estimate, nearly 14 million people in the United States will be living with dementia by 2060. Like other hardships, the experience of living with dementia can bring unexpected moments of intimacy, growth, and compassion, but these diseases also affect people's capacity to work and carry out other activities and alter their relationships with loved ones, friends, and coworkers. Those who live with and care for individuals experiencing these diseases face challenges that include physical and emotional stress, difficult changes and losses in their relationships with life partners, loss of income, and interrupted connections to other activities and friends. From a societal perspective, these diseases place substantial demands on communities and on the institutions and government entities that support people living with dementia and their families, including the health care system, the providers of direct care, and others. Nevertheless, research in the social and behavioral sciences points to possibilities for preventing or slowing the development of dementia and for substantially reducing its social and economic impacts. At the request of the National Institute on Aging of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America assesses the contributions of research in the social and behavioral sciences and identifies a research agenda for the coming decade. This report offers a blueprint for the next decade of behavioral and social science research to reduce the negative impact of dementia for America's diverse population. Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America calls for research that addresses the causes and solutions for disparities in both developing dementia and receiving adequate treatment and support. It calls for research that sets goals meaningful not just for scientists but for people living with dementia and those who support them as well. By 2030, an estimated 8.5 million Americans will have Alzheimer's disease and many more will have other forms of dementia. Through identifying priorities social and behavioral science research and recommending ways in which they can be pursued in a coordinated fashion, Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America will help produce research that improves the lives of all those affected by dementia.
