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Download or read book Seismic Site Response Analysis and Extraction of Dynamic Soil Behavior and Pore Pressure Response from Downhole Array Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chi-Chin Tsai
Publisher : ProQuest
ISBN 13 : 9780549342137
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (421 download)
Download or read book Seismic Site Response and Extraction of Dynamic Soil Behavior from Downhole Array Measurements written by Chi-Chin Tsai and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic site response analysis is commonly used to predict ground responses due to local soil effects. This thesis consists of two main components (1) a new inverse analysis procedure to extract dynamic soil behavior from vertical arrays and (2) an enhanced assessment of site factors for the deep deposits of the Mississippi Embayment.
Author : Seyed Farshid Ghazavi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (926 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Site Response Analysis Programs in Predicting Nonlinear Soil Response Using Geotechnical Downhole Array Data written by Seyed Farshid Ghazavi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquefaction is a state of soil in which soil starts to behave as a fluid. This happens when the pore pressure rises up and it can't get dissipated as fast as it is rising up during the earthquake. Trying to predict the soil dynamic response and taking into account the effects of this phenomena is one of the geotechnical engineering design challenges. A variety of available software have been used to carry out the above prediction. Important point here is the reliability of these software in terms of degree of accuracy. An evaluation between two most commonly used software packages, DEEPSOIL and OPENSEES, in estimating the seismic response of the soil has been conducted. OPENSEES is a finite element based program which is capable of 3D modeling meanwhile DEEPSOIL is a finite different based software which can only perform one dimensional modelling. This evaluation has been carried out by modeling a well instrumented geotechnical vertical array located by UC Santa Barbara using both computer programs. Analyzing the results, it can be seen that OPENSEES predicts the soil behavior more accurately. On the other hand, DEEPSOIL results are not satisfying. Moreover, a review of available methods for estimating the liquefaction induced lateral ground displacement has been carried out. As indicated, empirical methods such as Shamoto 1998 and Valsamis 2010 methods can provide fairly reasonable estimates in terms of lateral displacement estimations.
Author : Jeremy Stuart Faker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Comparison of Seismic Site Response Analysis and Downhole Array Recordings for Stiff Soil Sites written by Jeremy Stuart Faker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurately predicting surface ground motions is critical for many earthquake engineering applications. Equivalent-linear (EQL) site response analysis is a numerical technique used to compute surface ground motions from input motions at bedrock using the site-specific dynamic soil properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of EQL site response analysis for stiff soil sites by comparing computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification. The Kiban Kyoshin network (KiK-net) in Japan is a seismograph network consisting of downhole array sites with strong-motion accelerometers located at the ground surface and at depth. Recorded motions and shear wave velocity profiles are available for most sites. Observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification were computed for 930 individual seismic recordings at 11 stiff soil KiK-net sites. Computed transfer functions and response spectral amplification were calculated from EQL site response analysis by specifying the KiK-net base sensor motion as the input motion. Sites were characterized using the measured shear wave velocity profiles and nonlinear soil properties estimated from empirical models. Computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification were compared at different levels of strain for each site. The average difference between the observed and computed response spectral amplification across the 11 sites were compared at different levels of strain. Overall, there is reasonable agreement between the computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification. There is agreement between the computed and observed site periods, but with over-prediction of the computed response at the observed site periods. Higher modes often computed by the theoretical model were not always observed by the recordings. There is very good agreement between the computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification for periods larger than the site periods. There is less agreement between the computed and observed transfer functions and response spectral amplification for periods less than the site periods. There is mostly over-prediction of the response spectral amplification at these periods, although some under-prediction also occurred. Across all 11 sites the predicted spectral amplification is within +/-20% at shear strains less than 0.01%. At shear strains between approximately 0.01 and 0.03%, the spectral amplification is over-predicted for these sites, in some instances by as little as 5% and in other instances by a factor of 2 or more.
Author : Carolyn Wilson
Publisher : American Geosciences Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2140 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Directory of Geoscience Departments 2015 written by Carolyn Wilson and published by American Geosciences Inst. This book was released on 2015-02-27 with total page 2140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Directory of Geoscience Departments 50th Edition is the most comprehensive directory and source of information about geosciences departments and researchers available. It is an invaluable resource for individuals working in the geosciences or must identify or work with specialists on the issues of Earth, Environmental, and related sciences and engineering fields. The Directory of Geoscience Departments 50th Edition provides a state/country-sorted listing of nearly 2300 geoscience departments, research departments, institutes, and their faculty and staff. Information on contact information for departments and individuals is provided, as well as details on department enrollments, faculty specialties, and the date and source of faculty and staff's highest degree. New in the 50th edition: Listing of all US and Canadian geoscience theses and dissertations accepted in 2012 that have been reported to GeoRef Information Services, as well as a listing of faculty by their research specialty.
Author : Shannon & Wilson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Soil Behavior Under Earthquake Loading Conditions written by Shannon & Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yumeng Tao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Evaluating the Site-specific Applicability of One-dimensional Seismic Ground Response Analysis written by Yumeng Tao and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-Dimensional (1D) seismic ground response analysis is the most commonly performed analysis in geotechnical earthquake engineering. However, previous studies have shown a troubling fact that only a small fraction of sites are modeled well by 1D analysis. The objectives of this research are to assess the site-specific suitability of 1D analysis by identifying the issues that hinder the performance 1D analysis and to develop approaches to better match the observed sites response. The downhole array technique is used in this work to evaluate 1D analysis because it provides the most direct observations of how seismic waves are modified by the subsurface soil and rock. An important phenomenon in downhole array analysis is the potential presence of pseudo-resonances, which has not been effectively taken into account in previous studies and which affects the assessment of the accuracy of 1D analysis. The first part of this research provides insights into the cause and effect of pseudo-resonances and an approach is outlined to distinguish true-resonances from pseudo-resonances. The small-strain damping (D [subscript min] ) is a key parameter in linear ground response analysis and using laboratory-measured values tend to over-predict the response because it does not account for wave scattering present in the field. The second part of this research focuses on methods of increasing the D [subscript min] values in the profiles to better match observed site response, with the site response evaluated in terms of different ground motion characteristics. Alternatively, the randomization of shear wave velocity profiles is also assessed to provide more insights into the variable seismic properties at a site. A hypothesis that links the level of increased damping to the level of spatial variability in materials implied by the geologic conditions is proposed. To broaden the application of the 1D analysis, it is crucial to be able to identify sites that can be modeled accurately by 1D analysis. A taxonomy scheme is developed that classifies sites into different groups based on the similarity in their responses in terms of being modeled well by 1D analysis. This classification system is based on downhole array data but can be applied to non-downhole array sites. The taxonomy results presented in this study show that an increased portion of sites are suitable for 1D analysis.
Author : Daniel Hutabarat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (961 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of One-dimensional Seismic Site Response Analyses at Small to Large Strain Levels written by Daniel Hutabarat and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One dimensional (1D) site response analysis using total stress approach is a popular framework for evaluating seismic hazard at a site where no significant excess pore water pressure generation is expected. Several site response analysis codes are available, but their variabilities to predict site response at shear stress levels approaching the shear strength of the soil have not been demonstrated. This study evaluates the performance of different soil models employed in each code to predict the nonlinearity behavior of soil over a wide range of strain levels. This research performed a set of 1D site response analyses utilizing input motions, scaled to various intensity levels, against sites that were underlain by cohesive deposits with determined shear wave velocity profiles. The analyses utilized several available nonlinear soil models while the model-to-model variability was characterized. These codes were then validated against free-field downhole data from a vertical array at a relatively well characterized site. The evaluations of the variabilities of ground motion amplitude, duration, response spectra and cyclic hysteresis loop at various strain levels were performed by comparing all predictions to data from a vertical array. The results showed that all codes give consistent predictions with reasonable accuracy at small to moderate shear strain levels. At larger shear strain levels, only some of current nonlinear soil models were capable of predicting reasonable cyclic behavior in terms of being able to approach the peak shear strength with reasonable damping behavior. The analyses show that the variability of predicted peak shear strain parameters are higher than peak acceleration and shear stress parameters. It also shows that the coefficient of variation of the ground motion parameters predicted by all codes tended to increase at greater shear strain levels.
Author : Neven Matasovic
Publisher : Transportation Research Board National Research
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions written by Neven Matasovic and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 2012 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 428: Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions identifies and describes current practice and available methods for evaluating the influence of local ground conditions on earthquake design ground motions on a site-specific basis.
Author : Zhiliang Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Site Response Using Downhole Array Data from a Liquefied Site written by Zhiliang Wang and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gregg Leland Fiegel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (56 download)
Download or read book Centrifugal and Analytical Modeling of Soft Soil Sites Subjected to Seismic Shaking written by Gregg Leland Fiegel and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jaw-Nan Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book A Nonstationary Probabilistic Model for Pore Pressure Development and Site Response Due to Seismic Excitation written by Jaw-Nan Wang and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ahmed-Waeil Metwalli Elgamal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Characteristics and Modeling of Site Response Using Downhole Seismic Records written by Ahmed-Waeil Metwalli Elgamal and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mohamad Mahdi Hallal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Modeling Multidimensional and Multi-scale Seismic Site Response Using a Data-driven 3D Vs Model written by Mohamad Mahdi Hallal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsurface spatial variability is known to significantly influence the frequency content and amplitude of seismic ground shaking. A significant amount of seismic site response research over the past decade has focused on our abilities to replicate recorded ground motions at borehole array sites, where both the input (rock) and output (surface) ground motions are known. When viewed in aggregate, these studies have found that approximately 50% of borehole array sites are poorly modeled using one-dimensional (1D) ground response analyses (GRAs) based on a single shear wave velocity (Vs) profile, with individual studies reporting values between approximately 30-80%. When 1D GRAs fail to accurately predict recorded site response, the site is often considered too complex to be effectively modeled as 1D. While three-dimensional (3D) numerical GRAs are possible and believed to be more accurate, there is rarely a 3D subsurface model available for these analyses. The lack of affordable and reliable site characterization methods to quantify spatial variability in subsurface conditions, particularly regarding Vs measurements needed for GRAs, has pushed researchers to adopt stochastic approaches, such as Vs randomization and spatially correlated random fields. However, these stochastically generated models require the assumption of generic, or guessed, input parameters, introducing significant uncertainties into the site response predictions. This research describes a new geostatistical approach that can be used for building pseudo-3D Vs models as a means to rationally account for spatial variability in GRAs, increase model accuracy, and reduce uncertainty. The proposed approach distinguishes itself from previous studies in three key ways: (1) it requires only a single, accurately measured Vs profile down to engineering bedrock, (2) it relies majorly on estimates of fundamental site frequency (f0; a key parameter governing site effects) obtained from simple horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (H/V) noise measurements (f0,[subscript H/V]), and (3) it creates models that can be used to ensure proper incorporation of site-specific spatial variability in 1D, 2D, and 3D GRAs. At the two sites investigated in this research, the H/V geostatistical approach is capable of generating pseudo-3D Vs models that reliably capture important subsurface features present in geologic cross-sections. Furthermore, the 1D GRA predictions associated with the H/V geostatistical approach were more accurate than those associated with common and recently proposed strategies of accounting for Vs variability. One of the most significant contributions of this research is providing insights on the lateral area influencing seismic site response. The H/V geostatistical approach enables predicting site response as a function of the spatial variability across different footprints. The results show that 1D GRAs are significantly improved when an area of at least 400 m x 400 m (i.e., 0.16 km2) is incorporated, and even larger incorporated areas could produce better results. Thus, this size of an area might be considered as a minimum over which to account for spatial variability in GRAs. These results are supported by two-dimensional (2D) GRAs, which show that incorporating variability along at least 600 m was needed to appropriately model decreased amplification at the fundamental mode caused by wave scattering, while a lateral extent of 1700 m was needed to more accurately model other observed complex phenomena. These results and insights work toward achieving more accurate and reliable seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation
Author : ASCE Committee on Seismic Analysis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Seismic Response of Buried Pipes and Structural Components written by ASCE Committee on Seismic Analysis and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : S. Marks
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (331 download)
Download or read book The Seismic Response of Sandy Sites written by S. Marks and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Georgios Zalachoris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (882 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of One-dimensional Site Response Methodologies Using Borehole Arrays written by Georgios Zalachoris and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical modeling techniques commonly used to compute the response of soil and rock media under earthquake shaking are evaluated by analyzing the observations provided by instrumented borehole arrays. The NIED Kik-Net database in Japan is selected as the main source of borehole array data for this study. The stiffness of the site and the availability of high intensity motions are the primary factors considered towards the selection of appropriate Kik-Net borehole arrays for investigation. Overall, 13 instrumented vertical arrays are investigated using over 750 recorded ground motions characterized by low (less than 0.05 g) to high (greater than 0.3 g) recorded peak ground accelerations at the downhole sensor. Based on data from the selected borehole arrays, site response predictions using 1-D linear elastic (LE) analysis, equivalent linear (EQL) analysis, equivalent linear analysis with frequency-dependent soil properties (EQL-FD), and fully nonlinear analysis (NL) are compared with the borehole observations. Initially, the low intensity motions are used to evaluate common assumptions regarding 1-D site response analysis. First, we identify the borehole wavefield best simulating the actual boundary condition at depth by comparing the theoretical linear-elastic (LE) and observed responses. Then, we identify the best-fit small-strain damping profiles that can incorporate the additional in-situ attenuation mechanisms. Finally, we assess the validity of the one-dimensional modeling assumption. Our analyses indicate that the appropriate boundary condition for analysis of a borehole array depends on the depth of the borehole sensor and that, for most of the considered vertical arrays, the one-dimensional assumption reasonably simulates the actual wave propagation pattern. In the second part of this study, we evaluate the accuracy of the EQL, EQL-FD and NL site response methods by quantifying the misfit (i.e., residual) between the simulations and observations at different levels of shaking. The evaluation of the performance of the theoretical models is made both on a site-by-site basis and in an aggregated manner. Thereafter, the variability in the predicted response from the three site response methods is assessed. Comparisons with the observed responses indicate that the misfit of simulations can be significant at short periods and large strains. Moreover, all models seem to be characterized by the same level of variability irrespectively of the level of shaking. Finally, several procedures that can be used to improve the accuracy of the one-dimensional EQL, EQL-FD and NL site response analyses, are investigated. First, an attempt to take into account the shear strength of the soil materials at large shear strains is made. Additionally, several modifications to the EQL-FD approach are proposed. The proposed modifications are evaluated against recordings from the borehole arrays. Our analyses indicate that the accuracy of the theoretical models can be, partly, increased by incorporating the proposed modifications.
