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Sediment Load From Major Rivers Into Puget Sound And Its Adjacent Waters
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Author :Jonathan A. Czuba Publisher :U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ISBN 13 : Total Pages :4 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Sediment load from major rivers into Puget Sound and its adjacent waters by : Jonathan A. Czuba
Download or read book Sediment load from major rivers into Puget Sound and its adjacent waters written by Jonathan A. Czuba and published by U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year, an estimated load of 6.5 million tons of sediment is transported by rivers to Puget Sound and its adjacent waters—enough to cover a football field to the height of six Space Needles.This estimated load is highly uncertain because sediment studies and available sediment-load data are sparse and historically limited to specific rivers, short time frames, and a narrow range of hydrologic conditions.The largest sediment loads are carried by rivers with glaciated volcanoes in their headwaters.Research suggests 70 percent of the sediment load delivered to Puget Sound is from rivers and 30 percent is from shoreline erosion, but the magnitude of specific contributions is highly uncertain.Most of a river’s sediment load occurs during floods.
Book Synopsis Sediment Load from Major Rivers Into Puget Sound and Its Adjacent Waters by :
Download or read book Sediment Load from Major Rivers Into Puget Sound and Its Adjacent Waters written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrient Transport in the Major Rivers and Streams of the Puget Sound Basin, Washington by : E. L. Inkpen
Download or read book Nutrient Transport in the Major Rivers and Streams of the Puget Sound Basin, Washington written by E. L. Inkpen and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water-quality Assessment of the Puget Sound Basin, Washington by :
Download or read book Water-quality Assessment of the Puget Sound Basin, Washington written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Making and Unmaking of Puget Sound by : Gary C. Howard
Download or read book Making and Unmaking of Puget Sound written by Gary C. Howard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Puget Sound is a complex fjord-estuary system in Washington State that is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Juan de Fuca Strait and surrounded by several large population centers. The watershed is enormous, covering nearly 43,000 square kilometers with thousands of rivers and streams. Geological forces, volcanos, Ice Ages, and changes in sea levels make the Sound a biologically dynamic and fascinating environment, as well as a productive ecosystem. Human activity has also influenced the Sound. Humans built several major cities, such as Seattle and Tacoma, have dramatically affected the Puget Sound. This book describes the natural history and evolution of Puget Sound over the last 100 million years through the present and into the future. Key Features Summarizes a complex geological, geographical, and ecological history Reviews how the Puget Sound has changed and will likely change in the future Examines the different roles of various drivers of the Sound’s ecosystem function Includes the role of humans—both first people and modern populations. Explores Puget Sound as an example of general bay ecological and environmental issues
Book Synopsis A Study of the Dispersal of Suspended Sediment from the Fraser and Skagit River Into Northern Puget Sound Using LANDSAT Imagery by : Richard A. Feely
Download or read book A Study of the Dispersal of Suspended Sediment from the Fraser and Skagit River Into Northern Puget Sound Using LANDSAT Imagery written by Richard A. Feely and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Puget Sound and Adjacent Waters Comprehensive Study by :
Download or read book Puget Sound and Adjacent Waters Comprehensive Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Suspended-sediment Characteristics in the Housatonic River Basin, Western Massachusetts and Parts of Eastern New York and Northwestern Connecticut, 1994-96 by : Gardner C. Bent
Download or read book Suspended-sediment Characteristics in the Housatonic River Basin, Western Massachusetts and Parts of Eastern New York and Northwestern Connecticut, 1994-96 written by Gardner C. Bent and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ...Provides information on suspended-sediment concentrations, discharges, loads and yields in the study area; also available on the internet at: water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri004059/ (or purl.access.gpo.gov/gpo/lps24067)...
Author :Jonathan A. Czuba Publisher :U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ISBN 13 : Total Pages :40 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Changes in sediment volume in Alder Lake, Nisqually River Basin, Washington, 1945–2011 by : Jonathan A. Czuba
Download or read book Changes in sediment volume in Alder Lake, Nisqually River Basin, Washington, 1945–2011 written by Jonathan A. Czuba and published by U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nisqually River drains the southwest slopes of Mount Rainier, a glaciated stratovolcano in the Cascade Range of western Washington. The Nisqually River was impounded behind Alder Dam when the dam was completed in 1945 and formed Alder Lake. This report quantifies the volume of sediment deposited by the Nisqually and Little Nisqually Rivers in their respective deltas in Alder Lake since 1945. Four digital elevation surfaces were generated from historical contour maps from 1945, 1956, and 1985, and a bathymetric survey from 2011. These surfaces were used to compute changes in sediment volume since 1945. Estimates of the volume of sediment deposited in Alder Lake between 1945 and 2011 were focused in three areas: (1) the Nisqually River delta, (2) the main body of Alder Lake, along a 40-meter wide corridor of the pre-dam Nisqually River, and (3) the Little Nisqually River delta. In each of these areas the net deposition over the 66-year period was 42,000,000 ± 4,000,000 cubic meters (m3), 2,000,000 ± 600,000 m3, and 310,000 ± 110,000 m3, respectively. These volumes correspond to annual rates of accumulation of 630,000 ± 60,000 m3/yr, 33,000 ± 9,000 m3/yr, and 4,700 ± 1,600 m3/yr, respectively. The annual sediment yield of the Nisqually (1,100 ± 100 cubic meters per year per square kilometer [(m3/yr)/km2]) and Little Nisqually River basins [70 ± 24 (m3/yr)/km2] provides insight into the yield of two basins with different land cover and geomorphic processes. These estimates suggest that a basin draining a glaciated stratovolcano yields approximately 15 times more sediment than a basin draining forested uplands in the Cascade Range. Given the cumulative net change in sediment volume in the Nisqually River delta in Alder Lake, the total capacity of Alder Lake since 1945 decreased about 3 percent by 1956, 8 percent by 1985, and 15 percent by 2011.
Book Synopsis Water Quality in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington and British Columbia, 1996-98 by : J. C. Ebbert
Download or read book Water Quality in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington and British Columbia, 1996-98 written by J. C. Ebbert and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings Of The Coastal Sediments 2023, The (In 5 Volumes) by : Ping Wang
Download or read book Proceedings Of The Coastal Sediments 2023, The (In 5 Volumes) written by Ping Wang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-03-24 with total page 2986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Proceedings contains about 270 papers on a wide range of research topics on coastal sediment processes, including nearshore sediment transport and modeling, beach processes, shore protection and coastal managements, and coastal resilience building.The unique book provides a comprehensive documentation of cutting-edge research on coastal sediment process and morphodynamics from eminent researchers worldwide. Readers can learn the most current knowledge on numerous topics concerning coastal sediment processes and shore protection.
Book Synopsis Water quality in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington and British Columbia, 1996-98 by :
Download or read book Water quality in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington and British Columbia, 1996-98 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Public Workshops on the Puget Sound and Adjacent Waters Study by : Ann Widditsch
Download or read book Public Workshops on the Puget Sound and Adjacent Waters Study written by Ann Widditsch and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Jonathan A. Czuba Publisher :U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ISBN 13 : Total Pages :150 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Geomorphic analysis of the river response to sedimentation downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington by : Jonathan A. Czuba
Download or read book Geomorphic analysis of the river response to sedimentation downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington written by Jonathan A. Czuba and published by U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. This book was released on 2012-12-07 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the geomorphology of rivers draining Mount Rainier, Washington, was completed to identify sources of sediment to the river network; to identify important processes in the sediment delivery system; to assess current sediment loads in rivers draining Mount Rainier; to evaluate if there were trends in streamflow or sediment load since the early 20th century; and to assess how rates of sedimentation might continue into the future using published climate-change scenarios. Rivers draining Mount Rainier carry heavy sediment loads sourced primarily from the volcano that cause acute aggradation in deposition reaches as far away as the Puget Lowland. Calculated yields ranged from 2,000 tonnes per square kilometer per year [(tonnes/km2)/yr] on the upper Nisqually River to 350 (tonnes/km2)/yr on the lower Puyallup River, notably larger than sediment yields of 50–200 (tonnes/km2)/yr typical for other Cascade Range rivers. These rivers can be assumed to be in a general state of sediment surplus. As a result, future aggradation rates will be largely influenced by the underlying hydrology carrying sediment downstream. The active-channel width of rivers directly draining Mount Rainier in 2009, used as a proxy for sediment released from Mount Rainier, changed little between 1965 and 1994 reflecting a climatic period that was relatively quiet hydrogeomorphically. From 1994 to 2009, a marked increase in geomorphic disturbance caused the active channels in many river reaches to widen. Comparing active-channel widths of glacier-draining rivers in 2009 to the distance of glacier retreat between 1913 and 1994 showed no correlation, suggesting that geomorphic disturbance in river reaches directly downstream of glaciers is not strongly governed by the degree of glacial retreat. In contrast, there was a correlation between active-channel width and the percentage of superglacier debris mantling the glacier, as measured in 1971. A conceptual model of sediment delivery processes from the mountain indicates that rockfalls, glaciers, debris flows, and main-stem flooding act sequentially to deliver sediment from Mount Rainier to river reaches in the Puget Lowland over decadal time scales. Greater-than-normal runoff was associated with cool phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Streamflow-gaging station data from four unregulated rivers directly draining Mount Rainier indicated no statistically significant trends of increasing peak flows over the course of the 20th century. The total sediment load of the upper Nisqually River from 1945 to 2011 was determined to be 1,200,000±180,000 tonnes/yr. The suspended-sediment load in the lower Puyallup River at Puyallup, Washington, was 860,000±300,000 tonnes/yr between 1978 and 1994, but the long-term load for the Puyallup River likely is about 1,000,000±400,000 tonnes/yr. Using a coarse-resolution bedload transport relation, the long-term average bedload was estimated to be about 30,000 tonnes/yr in the lower White River near Auburn, Washington, which was four times greater than bedload in the Puyallup River and an order of magnitude greater than bedload in the Carbon River. Analyses indicate a general increase in the sediment loads in Mount Rainier rivers in the 1990s and 2000s relative to the time period from the 1960s to 1980s. Data are insufficient, however, to determine definitively if post-1990 increases in sediment production and transport from Mount Rainier represent a statistically significant increase relative to sediment-load values typical from Mount Rainier during the entire 20th century. One-dimensional river-hydraulic and sediment-transport models simulated the entrainment, transport, attrition, and deposition of bed material. Simulations showed that bed-material loads were largest for the Nisqually River and smallest for the Carbon River. The models were used to simulate how increases in sediment supply to rivers transport through the river systems and affect lowland reaches. For each simulation, the input sediment pulse evolved through a combination of translation, dispersion, and attrition as it moved downstream. The characteristic transport times for the median sediment-size pulse to arrive downstream for the Nisqually, Carbon, Puyallup, and White Rivers were approximately 70, 300, 80, and 60 years, respectively.
Book Synopsis Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science by :
Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Book Synopsis Sediment Dispersal and Accumulation in an Insular Sea by : Kristen L. Webster
Download or read book Sediment Dispersal and Accumulation in an Insular Sea written by Kristen L. Webster and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small rivers carry several million tons of sediment annually into Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Once delivered to the marine environment, processes in the water column and on the seabed dictate dispersal, deposition and accumulation of these particles. To investigate these mechanisms, water-column measurements, including long-term bottom-boundary-layer time-series, water-column profiles and shipboard velocity, and seabed sampling, such as sediment cores, multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection profiling, were collected from 2007-2009 on the Elwha and Skagit River deltas. Tidal currents at both study sites were strong and capable of dispersing muds to more distal portions of the delta. At the Skagit delta the intertidal topset had strong ebb tidal currents that exported most of the Skagit River mud rapidly beyond the topset. The mud found on the flat was limited spatially, near channels and at the outer flat edge and temporally, following high discharge. Physical processes drive shear stresses that act on the seabed to mobilize sands and muds and rework the seabed at various frequencies and depths: on a semi-diurnal tidal timescale, both channel and flat seabeds are reworked to 1-2 cm; and over a decadal timescale, lateral channel migration acts to rework the seabed to 1-2 m, making the limited mud deposits available for export. The Skagit muds were rapidly transported > 10 km into two distinct distal basins; southward within the deep quiescent basin of Saratoga Passage mud accumulates up to 10 mm y-1 for a total of ~0.5 MT annually, and northward within the high-energy unconstrained basin of Rosario Strait some mud accumulates in small local deposits, but much is likely broadly dispersed. Throughout Puget Sound deltas typically form bay head (muddy progradation) or sidewall (broad mud dispersal), and the Skagit River dispersal system has both characteristics. The Elwha River delta is a coarse-grained sidewall delta and tidal currents act to broadly disperse muds. Over the past 10,000 years the dominant sediment sinks have shifted from foreset beds to alongshore spits. This was likely related to variations in sea level as a result of deglaciation and sediment supply. As sea-level rise slowed slightly, wave-driven longshore transport began to actively shape delta morphology and created paleospits, which formed successively one at a time, stepwise as sea-level rose. These sediment sinks were formed under similar processes as the modern spit, Ediz Hook. It is shown that deltas in insular seas can form complex deposits, and this has implications for interpreting the geologic record in areas of constrained basins. In the modern environment, basin morphology and tidal currents determine accumulation patterns. Over longer timescales, the effects of previous glaciations have a major role in delta evolution.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Drought and Water Scarcity by : Saeid Eslamian
Download or read book Handbook of Drought and Water Scarcity written by Saeid Eslamian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes over 30 chapters, written by experts from around the world. It examines the environmental aspects of drought such as groundwater and soil contamination, river low-flow, urban water quality, and desertification. It also examines the effects of climate change and variability on drought, and discusses the differences in groundwater, rainfall, and temperatures and their related effects. It presents analytical modeling for better understanding drought in uncertain and changing climates.
