Sectarianism In The Middle East

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Sectarianism in the Middle East

Author : Heather M. Robinson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780833096999
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (969 download)

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Book Synopsis Sectarianism in the Middle East by : Heather M. Robinson

Download or read book Sectarianism in the Middle East written by Heather M. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Present unrest in the Middle East has many causes and takes on many forms. A collective sense of disenfranchisement, inadequate governance, geopolitical discord, and religious extremism all contribute to the conflicts in Iraq, Iran, Syria, Yemen, and Libya. Many Western observers and policymakers view unrest in the Middle East through the lens of binary religious sectarianism, focusing on the divisions between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. This split is most clearly articulated in the geopolitical competition between Saudi Arabia and Iran, and it plays out through violence in Iraq and Syria. But the complexities of human identity and of regional culture and history do not lend themselves to this arguably too-simplistic interpretation of the situation. The authors analyze sectarianism in the region, evaluate other factors that fan the flames of violent conflict, and suggest a different interpretation of both identity and the nature of regional unrest"--Back cover.

Understanding 'Sectarianism'

Author : Fanar Haddad
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197536107
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding 'Sectarianism' by : Fanar Haddad

Download or read book Understanding 'Sectarianism' written by Fanar Haddad and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-15 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Sectarianism" is one of the most over-discussed yet under-analyzed concepts in debates about the Middle East. Despite the deluge of commentary, there is no agreement on what "sectarianism" is. Is it a social issue, one of dogmatic incompatibility, a historic one or one purely related to modern power politics? Is it something innately felt or politically imposed? Is it a product of modernity or its antithesis? Is it a function of the nation-state or its negation? This book seeks to move the study of modern sectarian dynamics beyond these analytically paralyzing dichotomies by shifting the focus away from the meaningless '-ism' towards the root: sectarian identity. How are Sunni and Shi'a identities imagined, experienced and negotiated and how do they relate to and interact with other identities? Looking at the modern history of the Arab world, Haddad seeks to understand sectarian identity not as a monochrome frame of identification but as a multi-layered concept that operates on several dimensions: religious, subnational, national and transnational. Far from a uniquely Middle Eastern, Arab, or Islamic phenomenon, a better understanding of sectarian identity reveals that the many facets of sectarian relations that are misleadingly labelled "sectarianism" are echoed in intergroup relations worldwide.

Sectarianism in the Contemporary Middle East

Author : Simon Mabon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351578588
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Sectarianism in the Contemporary Middle East by : Simon Mabon

Download or read book Sectarianism in the Contemporary Middle East written by Simon Mabon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the term sectarianism has been widely used to explain contemporary affairs across the Middle East and North Africa. A range of assumptions about the nature of sectarianism have become prevalent amongst scholars and policy makers who engage with these areas, in part driven by the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran (the two dominant Sunni and Shi’a states) and the emergence of ISIS. Despite its prevalence, few scholars have engaged critically with the meaning of the term and its application across the Middle East. Whilst many associate sectarianism with Islam, Sectarianism in the Contemporary Middle East interrogates the political, economic and security factors surrounding the term within both Islam and Judaism, leading to a better understanding of the contemporary politics of the Middle East. This book was originally published as a special issue of Global Discourse.

Sectarianization

Author : Nader Hashemi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190862661
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Sectarianization by : Nader Hashemi

Download or read book Sectarianization written by Nader Hashemi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the Middle East descends ever deeper into violence and chaos, 'sectarianism' has become a catch-all explanation for the region's troubles. The turmoil is attributed to 'ancient sectarian differences', putatively primordial forces that make violent conflict intractable. In media and policy discussions, sectarianism has come to possess trans-historical causal power. This book trenchantly challenges the lazy use of 'sectarianism' as a magic-bullet explanation for the region's ills, focusing on how various conflicts in the Middle East have morphed from non-sectarian (or cross-sectarian) and nonviolent movements into sectarian wars. Through multiple case studies -- including Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Yemen and Kuwait -- this book maps the dynamics of sectarianisation, exploring not only how but also why it has taken hold. The contributors examine the constellation of forces -- from those within societies to external factors such as the Saudi-Iran rivalry -- that drive the sectarianisation process and explore how the region's politics can be de-sectarianised. Featuring leading scholars -- and including historians, anthropologists, political scientists and international relations theorists -- this book will redefine the terms of debate on one of the most critical issues in international affairs today.

Sectarian Politics in the Gulf

Author : Frederic M. Wehrey
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231536100
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Sectarian Politics in the Gulf by : Frederic M. Wehrey

Download or read book Sectarian Politics in the Gulf written by Frederic M. Wehrey and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-17 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Foreign Policy's Best Five Books of 2013, chosen by Marc Lynch of The Middle East Channel Beginning with the 2003 invasion of Iraq and concluding with the aftermath of the 2011 Arab uprisings, Frederic M. Wehrey investigates the roots of the Shi'a-Sunni divide now dominating the Persian Gulf's political landscape. Focusing on three Gulf states affected most by sectarian tensions—Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait—Wehrey identifies the factors that have exacerbated or tempered sectarianism, including domestic political institutions, the media, clerical establishments, and the contagion effect of external regional events, such as the Iraq war, the 2006 Lebanon conflict, the Arab uprisings, and Syria's civil war. In addition to his analysis, Wehrey builds a historical narrative of Shi'a activism in the Arab Gulf since 2003, linking regional events to the development of local Shi'a strategies and attitudes toward citizenship, political reform, and transnational identity. He finds that, while the Gulf Shi'a were inspired by their coreligionists in Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon, they ultimately pursued greater rights through a nonsectarian, nationalist approach. He also discovers that sectarianism in the region has largely been the product of the institutional weaknesses of Gulf states, leading to excessive alarm by entrenched Sunni elites and calculated attempts by regimes to discredit Shi'a political actors as proxies for Iran, Iraq, or Lebanese Hizballah. Wehrey conducts interviews with nearly every major Shi'a leader, opinion shaper, and activist in the Gulf Arab states, as well as prominent Sunni voices, and consults diverse Arabic-language sources.

Beyond Sunni and Shia

Author : Frederic M. Wehrey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190876050
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Sunni and Shia by : Frederic M. Wehrey

Download or read book Beyond Sunni and Shia written by Frederic M. Wehrey and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection seeks to advance our understanding of intra-Islamic identity conflict during a period of upheaval in the Middle East. Instead of treating distinctions between and within Sunni and Shia Islam as primordial and immutable, it examines how political economy, geopolitics, domestic governance, social media, non- and sub-state groups, and clerical elites have affected the transformation and diffusion of sectarian identities. Particular attention is paid to how conflicts over distribution of political and economic power have taken on a sectarian quality, and how a variety of actors have instrumentalized sectarianism. The volume, covering Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf, Iran, and Egypt, includes contributors from a broad array of disciplines including political science, history, sociology, and Islamic studies. Beyond Sunni and Shia draws on extensive fieldwork and primary sources to offer insights that are empirically rich and theoretically grounded, but also accessible for policy audiences and the informed public.

The Culture of Sectarianism

Author : Ussama Makdisi
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520218469
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis The Culture of Sectarianism by : Ussama Makdisi

Download or read book The Culture of Sectarianism written by Ussama Makdisi and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2000-07-03 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fresh interpretation of the development of sectarian identities and communal violence in Lebanon from the 1840s to the 1860s, challenging those who have viewed sectarian violence as an Islamic reaction against westernization or as the product of social and economic inequities among religious groups.

The Arab World Beyond Conflict

Author : Noha Aboueldahab
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781947772038
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis The Arab World Beyond Conflict by : Noha Aboueldahab

Download or read book The Arab World Beyond Conflict written by Noha Aboueldahab and published by . This book was released on 2019-06 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume explore paths to ending strife across the Arab world. It addresses important issues in Arab societies beyond the narrow lens of conflict. It contains a preface, keynote address, introduction, and 11 chapters under three main themes: the root causes of conflict in the region; state-building and future prospects; and paths to inclusive citizenship in Arab societies.

The New Sectarianism

Author : Geneive Abdo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190233141
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Sectarianism by : Geneive Abdo

Download or read book The New Sectarianism written by Geneive Abdo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ensuing clash--between Islamism and Nationalism, Shi'a and Sunni, and other factions within these communities--

Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf

Author : Lawrence G. Potter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190237961
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf by : Lawrence G. Potter

Download or read book Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf written by Lawrence G. Potter and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long a taboo topic, as well as one that has alarmed outside powers, sectarian conflict in the Middle East is on the rise. The contributors to this book examine sectarian politics in the Persian Gulf, including the GCC states, Yemen, Iran and Iraq, and consider the origins and con- sequences of sectarianism broadly construed, as it affects ethnic, tribal and religious groups. They also present a theoretical and comparative framework for understanding sectarianism, as well as country-specific chapters based on recent research in the area. Key issues that are scrutinised include the nature of sectarianism, how identity moves from a passive to an active state, and the mechanisms that trigger conflict. The strategies of governments such as rentier economies and the 'invention' of partisan national histories that encourage or manage sectarian differences are also highlighted, as is the role of outside powers in fostering sectarian strife. The volume also seeks to clarify whether movements such as the Islamic revival or the Arab Spring obscure the continued salience of religious and ethnic cleavages.

Sectarianism without Sects

Author : Azmi Bishara
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197650325
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis Sectarianism without Sects by : Azmi Bishara

Download or read book Sectarianism without Sects written by Azmi Bishara and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-01 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume analyses the transformation of social sectarianism into political sectarianism across the Arab world. Using a framework of social theories and socio-historical analysis, the book distinguishes between ta'ifa, or 'sect', and modern ta'ifiyya, 'sectarianism', arguing that sectarianism itself produces 'imaginary sects'. It charts and explains the evolution of these phenomena and their development in Arab and Islamic history, as distinct from other concepts used to study religious groups within Western contexts. Bishara documents the role played by internal and external factors and rivalries among political elites in the formulation of sectarian identity, citing both historical and contemporary models. He contends that sectarianism does not derive from sect, but rather that sectarianism resurrects the sect in the collective consciousness and reproduces it as an imagined community under modern political and historical conditions. Sectarianism without Sects is a vital resource for engaging with the sectarian crisis in the Arab world. It provides a detailed historical background to the emergence of sect in the region, as well as a complex theoretical exploration of how social identities have assumed political significance in the struggle for power over the state.

Everyday Sectarianism in Urban Lebanon

Author : Joanne Randa Nucho
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400883008
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Everyday Sectarianism in Urban Lebanon by : Joanne Randa Nucho

Download or read book Everyday Sectarianism in Urban Lebanon written by Joanne Randa Nucho and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What causes violent conflicts around the Middle East? All too often, the answer is sectarianism—popularly viewed as a timeless and intractable force that leads religious groups to conflict. In Everyday Sectarianism in Urban Lebanon, Joanne Nucho shows how wrong this perspective can be. Through in-depth research with local governments, NGOs, and political parties in Beirut, she demonstrates how sectarianism is actually recalibrated on a daily basis through the provision of essential services and infrastructures, such as electricity, medical care, credit, and the planning of bridges and roads. Taking readers to a working-class, predominantly Armenian suburb in northeast Beirut called Bourj Hammoud, Nucho conducts extensive interviews and observations in medical clinics, social service centers, shops, banking coops, and municipal offices. She explores how group and individual access to services depends on making claims to membership in the dominant sectarian community, and she examines how sectarianism is not just tied to ethnoreligious identity, but also class, gender, and geography. Life in Bourj Hammoud makes visible a broader pattern in which the relationships that develop while procuring basic needs become a way for people to see themselves as part of the greater public. Illustrating how sectarianism in Lebanon is not simply about religious identity, as is commonly thought, Everyday Sectarianism in Urban Lebanon offers a new look at how everyday social exchanges define and redefine communities and conflicts.

Jihadism, Sectarianism and Politics in a Changing Middle East

Author : Adib Abdulmajid
Publisher : Eburon Uitgeverij B.V.
ISBN 13 : 946301344X
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Jihadism, Sectarianism and Politics in a Changing Middle East by : Adib Abdulmajid

Download or read book Jihadism, Sectarianism and Politics in a Changing Middle East written by Adib Abdulmajid and published by Eburon Uitgeverij B.V.. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jihadism, Sectarianism and Politics in a Changing Middle East tackles questions of core significance for understanding the current religio-political scene in the Middle East. It addresses the doctrinal tenets associated with the emergence of influential Islamist organizations, the rise of sectarian-based extremist groups, and the challenges encountered by the culturally-diverse populations amidst such developments. It constitutes an exploration of sectarianism, Islamism, Salafism and jihadism. This book also delves into the historical events that have shaped the Middle East as we know it today. It further examines the key factors behind the rise of the most influential sectarian-guided, jihadi-based extremist groups in the recent years. The emergence and growth of sectarian Islamist militant organizations, whether Sunni or Shia, is deemed to be the fruit of the emerging radical interpretations and elucidations of the conception of jihad, and the evolution of the movement of Islamism in general. The main objective of this book is to help the reader understand the complex religio-political scene in today’s Middle East and the ideological principles and agendas of key influential movements, whose beliefs and actions constitute a serious threat to cultural diversity in the region.

Sectarian Gulf

Author : Toby Matthiesen
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804787220
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Sectarian Gulf by : Toby Matthiesen

Download or read book Sectarian Gulf written by Toby Matthiesen and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As popular uprisings spread across the Middle East, popular wisdom often held that the Gulf States would remain beyond the fray. In Sectarian Gulf, Toby Matthiesen paints a very different picture, offering the first assessment of the Arab Spring across the region. With first-hand accounts of events in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait, Matthiesen tells the story of the early protests, and illuminates how the regimes quickly suppressed these movements. Pitting citizen against citizen, the regimes have warned of an increasing threat from the Shia population. Relations between the Gulf regimes and their Shia citizens have soured to levels as bad as 1979, following the Iranian revolution. Since the crackdown on protesters in Bahrain in mid-March 2011, the "Shia threat" has again become the catchall answer to demands for democratic reform and accountability. While this strategy has ensured regime survival in the short term, Matthiesen warns of the dire consequences this will have—for the social fabric of the Gulf States, for the rise of transnational Islamist networks, and for the future of the Middle East.

Houses built on sand

Author : Simon Mabon
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526126478
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Houses built on sand by : Simon Mabon

Download or read book Houses built on sand written by Simon Mabon and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. The events of the Arab Uprisings posed an existential challenge to sovereign power across the Middle East. Whilst popular movements resulted in the toppling of authoritarian rule in Tunisia, Egypt and Yemen, other regimes were able to withstand these pressures. This book questions why some regimes fell whilst others were able to survive. Drawing on the work of political theorists such as Agamben and Arendt, Mabon explores the ways in which sovereign power is contested, resulting in the fragmentation of political projects across the region. Combining an innovative theoretical approach with interviews with people across the region and beyond, Mabon paints a picture of Middle Eastern politics dominated by elites seeking to maintain power and wealth, seemingly at whatever cost. This, for Mabon, is a consequence of the emergence and development of particular visions of political projects that harness or marginalise identities, communities, ideologies and faiths as mechanisms designed to ensure their survival. This book is essential reading for those interested in understanding why the uprisings took place, their geopolitical consequences, and why they are likely to happen again.

Shi'i Sectarianism in the Middle East

Author : Elisheva Machlis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780755624041
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Shi'i Sectarianism in the Middle East by : Elisheva Machlis

Download or read book Shi'i Sectarianism in the Middle East written by Elisheva Machlis and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The eruption of violent sectarianism in Iraq following the US invasion in 2003 brought the question of Sunni-Shi'i relations in the country to the forefront of the international public agenda. It also strengthened the popular belief that contemporary Shi'ism is inherently sectarian. Yet several decades earlier, Ayatollah Khomeini had declared an Islamic revolution and downplayed its Shi'i origins and links. So what is the true orientation of Shi'i Islam in the contemporary era and how did modernisation alter its sectarian affiliation? This book contends that early Shi'i reformist thought set the foundations for a more universal-oriented Shi'ism. Prominent reformists in the first half of the twentieth century from the holy cities of Karbala and Najaf in Iraq and from the Shi'i centres in Southern Lebanon played a significant role in the renewal of Shi'ism and laid the groundwork for its reinvention in the modern era. Exploring this shift towards a more ecumenical perception of Islam, Elisheva Machlis here provides a fresh perspective on inter-sectarian relations in contemporary Iraq and illuminates the intellectual roots of the Islamic revolution, by examining networks of Shi'i scholars such as Muḥammad Ḥusayn Kāshif al-Ghiṭā' and Muḥsin al-Amīn al-'Āmilī, operating within a more globalised Muslim world. Drawing on the experiences of early Shi'i reformists, such as 'Abd al-Ḥusayn Sharaf al-Dīn al-Mūsawī in Lebanon and Muḥammad Jawād Mughniyya in Damascus, this book gives new insight on the future of inter-Muslim relations at a time of growing inter-sectarian contention, from the Iran-Iraq war to the post-2003 Sunni-Shi'i conflict in Iraq and al-Qa'ida's anti-Shi'i message, taking into account questions of theology, historiography, jurisprudence and politics which all played a vital role in the transition to the contemporary era. The author here analyses the broad scholarly connections between Iran, Iraq and Lebanon in the twentieth century, while debating paramount questions of leadership, identity and group membership in the development of modern Shi'ism. Examining the relationship between intellectual thought and socio-political development in the region, this book provides a new perspective concerning the future of an increasingly globalised Muslim world and will prove essential reading for students and specialists."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

The Other Saudis

Author : Toby Matthiesen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107043042
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Other Saudis by : Toby Matthiesen

Download or read book The Other Saudis written by Toby Matthiesen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible scholarly work traces the regional politics of the Shia in the Eastern Province of Sunni-dominated Saudi Arabia since the nineteenth century. The first book in English on the topic, it casts new light on the survival strategies and political mobilization of the Shia community as it confronts the repressive machinery of the Saudi regime.