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Search For Elastic And Inelastic Dark Matter Interactions In Xenon1t And Light Detection For Xenonnt
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Book Synopsis Search for Elastic and Inelastic Dark Matter Interactions in XENON1T and Light Detection for XENONnT by : Adam Michael Brown
Download or read book Search for Elastic and Inelastic Dark Matter Interactions in XENON1T and Light Detection for XENONnT written by Adam Michael Brown and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Backgrounds in XENON1T by : P. A. Breur
Download or read book Backgrounds in XENON1T written by P. A. Breur and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are missing 85% of the matter in our Universe. This simple statement motivates thousands of physicists around the world to search for and explain dark matter. The first observations suggesting the existence of more non-luminous (e.g., dark matter and neutrinos) than luminous matter (e.g., stars, planets and gas) are now about 100 years old. The XENON1T experiment searches for a specific Dark Matter particle candidate, namely the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with a liquid xenon target in an ultra-low background detector. XENON1T, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, uses 3.2 t of xenon as target material, which is purified and cooled continuously during operation. 248 light detectors are used to measure every particle interaction. To determine if dark matter interactions are found we compare the number of light flashes seen with the number we expect from Monte Carlo simulations. To have a chance of measuring WIMPs scattering off xenon nuclei, XENON1T was designed and built as an ultra-low background experiment. Monte Carlo simulations show that the main background component in the low energy region is from (naturally occurring) radon. This thesis starts with understanding the process of signal reconstruction and data selection in XENON1T to show its amazing performance. The second part is dedicated to determining the concentration and spatial distribution of the main background component. The last part presents the new, and most stringent, constraints on WIMPs in the space of mass versus cross-section. XENON1T is now proudly world leading in finding nothing.
Book Synopsis Dark Matter Search with XENON1T by : Jelle Aalbers
Download or read book Dark Matter Search with XENON1T written by Jelle Aalbers and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most matter in the universe consists of 'dark matter' unknown to particle physics. Deep underground detectors such as XENON1T attempt to detect rare collisions of dark matter with ordinary atoms. This thesis describes the first dark matter search of XENON1T, how dark matter signals would appear in the detector, and the statistical techniques used in the search. The final chapters set world-leading constraints on the cross-section with which dark and normal matter interact.
Book Synopsis Search for Light Dark Matter Interactions Enhanced by the Migdal Effect Or Bremsstrahlung in XENON1T by : Elena Aprile
Download or read book Search for Light Dark Matter Interactions Enhanced by the Migdal Effect Or Bremsstrahlung in XENON1T written by Elena Aprile and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Search for Leptonically Interacting Dark Matter with the XENON1T Electronic Recoil Data by : Jean-Philippe Zopounidis
Download or read book Search for Leptonically Interacting Dark Matter with the XENON1T Electronic Recoil Data written by Jean-Philippe Zopounidis and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present thesis, focus on the experimental testing of theories beyond the Standard Model, predicting a specific particle nature for the dark matter (DM) and, specifically, in the effort to directly detect leptonically interacting DM particles with the use of the low-background, underground detector XENON1T. We, initially, investigate the electronic recoil (ER) background in the search of a possible modulation, which is expected due to the relative motion between the Earth and the DM halo. In the absence of observation of WIMP-induced nuclear recoils, an alternative interpretation through a leptophilic DM, finds its place as a natural hypothesis that should be tested, taking advantage of the long-term stability of the ER background of the XENON1T detector. Then, we focus on the search of leptonically interacting DM particles with mass in the sub-GeV scale, emerging in the framework of so-called,”hidden sector" theories, predicting a leptophilic DM with mass in MeV scale, that could interact with the target causing inelastic atomic processes, such as ionization. It is in the region of this expected signal that a huge and, so far, incomprehensible background arises, driven by the so-called single electrons, small charge signals that appear to derive from a multitude of quantum processes in the atomic level of LXe. What can we infer about leptophilic DM without the possibility of background subtraction? Can we classify the processes that create this background? How can machine learning techniques, like Neural Networks, mitigate such backgrounds? These are some of the questions, about the exciting topic of DM direct detection, that we will try to address in this work.
Book Synopsis The Path to the Search for Rare Event Signals in XENON1T and XENONnT Dark Matter Experiments by : Tianyu Zhu
Download or read book The Path to the Search for Rare Event Signals in XENON1T and XENONnT Dark Matter Experiments written by Tianyu Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The other is the search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay at its ?-value, ?_?? = (2457.83$\pm$0.37)\,keV. The analysis demonstrated that the relative energy resolution at one ?/? is as low as (0.80±$0.02) % in its one-ton fiducial mass, and for single-site interactions at ?_??, a world-leading resolution in ??e experiment that enhance the experimental sensitivity to the neutrinoless double-beta decay events.
Book Synopsis Dark Matter Directionality Revisited with a High Pressure Xenon Gas Detector by :
Download or read book Dark Matter Directionality Revisited with a High Pressure Xenon Gas Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An observation of the anisotropy of dark matter interactions in a direction-sensitive detector would provide decisive evidence for the discovery of galactic dark matter. Directional information would also provide a crucial input to understanding its distribution in the local Universe. Most of the existing directional dark matter detectors utilize particle tracking methods in a low-pressure gas time projection chamber. These low pressure detectors require excessively large volumes in order to be competitive in the search for physics beyond the current limit. In order to avoid these volume limitations, we consider a novel proposal, which exploits a columnar recombination effect in a high-pressure gas time projection chamber. The ratio of scintillation to ionization signals observed in the detector carries the angular information of the particle interactions. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of a future directional detector focused on the proposed high-pressure Xenon gas time projection chamber. We study the prospect of detecting an anisotropy in the dark matter velocity distribution. We find that tens of events are needed to exclude an isotropic distribution of dark matter interactions at 95% confidence level in the most optimistic case with head-to-tail information. However, one needs at least 10-20 times more events without head-to-tail information for light dark matter below ~50 GeV. For an intermediate mass range, we find it challenging to observe an anisotropy of the dark matter distribution. Our results also show that the directional information significantly improves precision measurements of dark matter mass and the elastic scattering cross section for a heavy dark matter.
Book Synopsis Solar Reflected Dark Matter with XENON1T and XENONnT by : Pueh Leng Tan
Download or read book Solar Reflected Dark Matter with XENON1T and XENONnT written by Pueh Leng Tan and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Calibration System of the Photosensors for the XENON1T Dark Matter Search Experiment, and Response of Liquid Xenon to Low-energy Neutron Interactions by : Payam Pakarha
Download or read book Calibration System of the Photosensors for the XENON1T Dark Matter Search Experiment, and Response of Liquid Xenon to Low-energy Neutron Interactions written by Payam Pakarha and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The XENON1T Spin-Independent WIMP Dark Matter Search Results and a Model to Characterize the Reduction of Electronegative Impurities in Its 3.2 Tonne Liquid Xenon Detector by : Zachary Greene
Download or read book The XENON1T Spin-Independent WIMP Dark Matter Search Results and a Model to Characterize the Reduction of Electronegative Impurities in Its 3.2 Tonne Liquid Xenon Detector written by Zachary Greene and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: XENON1T is the first tonne-scale TPC, and with 278.8 days of dark matter data has set the strictest limits on WIMP-nucleon interaction cross sections above WIMP masses of 6 GeV/c^2, with a minimum of 4.1 x10^{-47} cm^2 at 30 GeV/c^2. XENON1T and the analysis that led to this result are discussed, with an emphasis on electronic and nuclear recoil calibration fits, which help discriminate between background and WIMP-like events. Interactions in liquid xenon produce light and charge that are measured in TPCs. These signals are attenuated by electronegative impurities including O_2 and H_2O, which are homogeneously distributed throughout the liquid xenon. The decrease in observables enlarges the uncertainty in our analysis, and can decrease our sensitivity. Methods on measuring the charge loss are presented, and a physics model that describes the behavior of the electronegative impurity concentration over the lifetime of XENON1T is derived. The model is shown to successfully explain the more than two years of data.
Book Synopsis Light Dark Matter Search with Ionization Signals in XENON1T by : Elena Aprile
Download or read book Light Dark Matter Search with Ionization Signals in XENON1T written by Elena Aprile and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding Low-Energy Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon for Dark Matter Searches and the First Results of XENON1T by : Matthew Anthony
Download or read book Understanding Low-Energy Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon for Dark Matter Searches and the First Results of XENON1T written by Matthew Anthony and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An abundance of cosmological evidence suggests that cold dark matter exists and makes up 83% of the matter in the universe. At the same time, this dark matter has eluded direct detection and its identity remains a mystery. Many large international collaborations are actively searching for dark matter through its potential annihilation in high-density regions of the universe, its creation in particle accelerators, and its interaction with Standard Model particles in low-background detectors. One of the most promising dark matter candidates is the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) which falls naturally out of extensions of the Standard Model. A variety of detectors have been employed in the search for WIMPs, which are expected to scatter with atomic nuclei, yet none have been more successful than dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers (TPCs). The first ton-scale liquid xenon TPC, XENON1T, began operating in 2016 and with only 34.2 days of data has set the most strict limits on the WIMP-nucleon interaction cross sections for WIMP masses above 10 GeV/c^2, with a minimum of 7.7 × 10−47 cm^2 for 35 GeV/c^2 WIMPs.
Book Synopsis Search for Inelastic Scattering of WIMP Dark Matter in XENON1T by : Elena Aprile
Download or read book Search for Inelastic Scattering of WIMP Dark Matter in XENON1T written by Elena Aprile and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterizing the Peripheral Dynamics of Xenon Dark Matter Detectors by : Jacob Edward Cutter
Download or read book Characterizing the Peripheral Dynamics of Xenon Dark Matter Detectors written by Jacob Edward Cutter and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important fundamental problems in physics today is to understand the nature of dark matter. The landscape of explanations for observed dark matter phenomena is vast and still expanding, and an impressive number of experiments have been built to probe the dark sector of the universe. A prominent class of detectors is aimed at discovering (or excluding) a particular kind of dark matter: the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP). Searching for this popular dark matter candidate requires an ultra-sensitive, low-background target; xenon detectors serve as such a target for dark matter interactions. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber (TPC) which was operated underground at the Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota from 2013 to 2016, and was able to achieve the world's leading WIMP exclusion limit. However, successful reconstruction of WIMP-nucleus scatters in such detectors requires thorough understanding of the detection medium, which is made difficult by various confounding effects near the detector walls. Field-fringing is a major component of confusion in the periphery, and the large electric field non-uniformities in Run 4 of LUX provided a significant challenge in the dark matter analysis. Here is presented an algorithm to bijectively map between reconstructed event positions and true spatial coordinates, which serves as an important tool for studying field effects and fiducialization in LUX. Additionally, a successful dark matter search must model interfering background events in the WIMP search region which can't be directly vetoed. One class of unavoidable backgrounds comes from nuclear decay chain daughters in detector materials themselves, which may produce WIMP-like signals (an effect which is amplified due to various detector effects). The Davis Xenon (DAX) test bed system and a dual-phase TPC have been assembled and operated at UC Davis to characterize these common "wall backgrounds", as well as perform other R&D studies for the next-generation LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. The DAX TPC specifically measures the xenon response to heavy nuclei produced by custom [alpha] decay sources created using novel chemical deposition procedures. In this thesis, results will be presented for the light and charge yields of immersed localized sources of 206Pb ions in liquid xenon, as well as a method for tagging such recoil events in situ by using PIN diodes as charged particle detectors to capture the correlated [alpha] particles. We also compare our isolated 206Pb events with previous WIMP search data from LUX, and discuss the significance of 206Pb as a WIMP background. Such information is most useful to future experiments if it can improve existing background models and simulations. The Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) is the ultimate software package for calculating expected signal yields in xenon detectors, but is an empirical framework that relies on experimental data to inform the models. We discuss the development of current NEST v2 models, specifically the heavy nuclear recoil models, as well as our current understanding of the xenon microphysics. We also show NEST predictions for mono-energetic 206Pb recoils, and discuss how our most recent DAX 206Pb measurements may inform NEST models in future work.
Book Synopsis Searches for WIMPs and Axions with the XENON1T Experiment by : Jingqiang Ye
Download or read book Searches for WIMPs and Axions with the XENON1T Experiment written by Jingqiang Ye and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous evidence suggests that the majority of matter in the Universe is made of a rarely interacting, non-luminous component, termed dark matter. The XENON1T experiment, utilizing a two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber, was primarily designed to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), one of the most promising dark matter candidates. With one tonne-year exposure, XENON1T placed the most stringent upper limits of WIMP interaction strength for a large range of WIMP masses and a variety of interaction types. The unprecedented low background in XENON1T also enabled competitive searches for electronic recoil signals. An excess was observed above the known background at low energies and is most prominent between 2 and 3 keVee. This excess favors solar axions over backgrounds at 3.4 sigma, a hypothetical particle arising from the Peccei-Quinn theory to solve the strong CP problem. The resulting axion couplings, however, are in strong tension with astrophysical constraints. The excess can also be explained by beta decays of tritium at 3.2 sigma with a trace amount, which can neither be confirmed nor be rejected with the current knowledge of its production and mitigation mechanisms. If an unconstrained tritium component is added to both alternate and null hypotheses, the significance of the solar axion hypothesis is reduced to 2.0 sigma. This search also includes other electronic recoil signals, such as an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, bosonic dark matter, and leptophilic dark matter. The prospect of XENONnT, the next-generation experiment that is expected to take science data in 2021, is also discussed in the context of searching for WIMPs and deciphering the excess observed in XENON1T, respectively.
Book Synopsis Direct Search for Dark Matter by Using Dual-phase Liquid Xenon Detector and Measurement of Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Argon by : Yixiong Meng
Download or read book Direct Search for Dark Matter by Using Dual-phase Liquid Xenon Detector and Measurement of Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Argon written by Yixiong Meng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmological and Astrophysical observations provide compelling evidences for the existence of dark matter in the universe. One class of dark matter candidates, the Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), has been predicted in many particle physics theories. Direct detection experiments using dual- phase liquid noble element detectors report the best sensitivities to the detection of the dark matter particles. The next generation direct detection experiments using the same technology, are actively been built and expected to give a factor of 100 improvement on the current best sensitivity. This thesis discusses the measurement of nuclear recoils in a dual-phase liquid argon detector using a bunched neutron beam generated by linear accelerator facility at accelerator laboratory in Notre Dame University. Nuclear recoils of en- ergy ranging from 10.8 keVnr to 49.9 keVnr are measured under different drift field configurations. An electric field quenching on nuclear recoils in liquid argon is dis- covered and quantified for the first time. This quenching effect is also found to be drift field and recoil energy dependent. By varying the drift field amplitude from 100 V/cm to 1000 V/cm for each nuclear recoil energy, the quenching effect are measured as a function of nuclear recoil energy and drift field amplitude. Results from this measurement is used in the direct dark matter detection experiment to calculate the final sensitivity of direct dark matter search. A separate work on the optimization of detector design for the XENON1T detector is also discussed in detail. Finite element simulation tool is used to design and optimize the electric field in XENON1T time projection chamber. As part of the design of XENON1T detector, electron transparency across metal grids of different geometrical configurations are also studied.
Book Synopsis Disentangling Dark Matter Dynamics with Directional Detection by :
Download or read book Disentangling Dark Matter Dynamics with Directional Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inelastic dark matter reconciles the DAMA anomaly with other null direct detection experiments and points to a non-minimal structure in the dark matter sector. In addition to the dominant inelastic interaction, dark matter scattering may have a subdominant elastic component. If these elastic interactions are suppressed at low momentum transfer, they will have similar nuclear recoil spectra to inelastic scattering events. While upcoming direct detection experiments will see strong signals from such models, they may not be able to unambiguously determine the presence of the subdominant elastic scattering from the recoil spectra alone. We show that directional detection experiments can separate elastic and inelastic scattering events and discover the underlying dynamics of dark matter models.
